ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY MEKELLE

EIT-M

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

PROJECT PROPOSAL ON: PREVENTION OF CAR ACCIDENT DUE TO

DROWSEY BY EYE BLLINKING

GROUP MEMBERS
Name ............................ID Number

1. Mearg Ezgihaye ........................157901/11

2. Hagerawi Luel .........................158000/11

3. Hagos Shibesh............................169812/12

4. Ataklti Asgedom........................158119/11

ADVISOR NAME : MR. ADHENA N.

: SIGN ____________
Submitted to Inst. KINFE LEAKE

Sub. Date: 9/02/2017

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 Table of contents

Tittle page

1, Content.................................................................................. 1

2, Abstract..................................................................................2

3, Introduction and Background...................................................3

4, Literature and Review.............................................................3

5, Statement of the problem and justification.............................5

6, Objective..................................................................................5

6.1 General Objective....................................................5

6.2 Specific Objective.....................................................6

7, Methodology (flow chart)......................................................6

8, Motivation.............................................................................7

9, Scope of the project................................................................7

10, Resource required................................................................7

10.1Books ………………………………………………………….......7

10.2 Hardware Component ……………………………………....8

11, Cost breakdown...................................................................9

12, project time schedule...........................................................10

13, References...........................................................................10

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 2, ABSTRACTS

Accident due to drowsy is prevented and controlled when the vehicle is out of control. The
term used here for the recognition that the driver is drowsy is by using eye blink of the
driver. In recent times drowsiness is one of the major causes for highway accidents. These
types of accidents occurred due to drowsy and driver can’t able to control the vehicle, when
he/she wakes. The drowsiness is identified by the eye blink duration through infra-red
sensor. Depend on the eye blink duration it can be detected the normal or drowsiness of the
driver. If the driver is drowsy or unconscious, then the system will give buzzer signal and
the speeds of the vehicle are reduced and stop finally when he/she is already asleep. And
also the fan, on to make the air cool which helps the deriver to returns into normal
condition.

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 3, INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

Driving is a challenging task where the driver has to be vigilant to take the current decision
on time to other drivers‟ actions and different road conditions. A common activity in most
people’s life is driving; therefore, improving driving (making driving safe) is an important
issue in everyday life. Even though the driver’s safety is improving in road and vehicle
design, the total number of serious crashes is still increasing. Reducing the number of
vehicle crashes would benefit to save life of millions people around the world. Vehicle
accidents are most common if the driving is inadequate. These happen on most factors if
the driver is drowsy or if he is unconscious. Driver’s drowsiness is recognized as an
important factor in the vehicle accidents. This project involves measure and controls the
eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays in our eye.
The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed
means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low. This to
know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to the comparator to
compare the inputs and give the highest value.

This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through Eye blink by considering
the duration of one blink. When the driver’s eye blink duration is more than the normal, the
system realizes driver’s drowsiness or unconscious, and then the alarm will ring in order to make
him /her conscious, if not the DC motor will decrease the speed and stop it at the last.

4, LITERATURE AND REVIEW

Neeta Parmar made a project by using a small monochrome security camera that points directly
towards the driver’s face and monitors the driver‟ in order to detect fatigue in Ryerson

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University. The system deals with using information obtained for the binary version of the
image to find the edges of the face [1].

R.Manoj kumar have a paper on preventing the accidents by providing receiver unit in vehicles
along with transmitter unit at necessary places such as school zones, diversion zones, railway
crossings and other accident prone zones to indicate about the respective places well in advance
before reaching the spot by means of LCD message and as well as by a recorded voice [2].

Tomas Drutarousky on his bachelor thesis considers two main branches of blink detection
algorithms. The first group of detection methods belongs to a static blink detection, which uses
the fact, that it can determine the current eye state for each eye frame from the video sequence
independently. Based on these methods, it can be analyze captured eye states to reveal blinks. A
second type of blink detection is a sequential method, which uses analysis of consecutive frames
to estimate possible blink occurrence. In contrast to static detection methods, this approach
cannot determine the actual eye state in every point of the input video sequence. However, the
sequential analysis uses feature moves within the eye region to estimate behavior [3].

B.Praveenkumar, K.Mahendrakan has a paper on how to detect eye blink duration in

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology by
measure and controls [4].

Gehlot NL, made a system for preventing or reducing vehicle accidents comprising one or more
sensors positioned on a vehicle sensing a condition or conditions indicative of a drivers ability to
effectively control the vehicle; a processing unit in communication with the sensors, the
processing unit receiving data from the sensors, analyzing the data to determine an appropriate
response and initiating the response [5].

Tomoda, Takahisa, A keyless entry system allows fully automatic operation of a door lock device
of an automotive vehicle. The system recognizes the presence and absence of an authorized user
and automatically locks or unlocks the vehicle door lock device according to the presence or
absence of the authorized user. The keyless entry system provided with a controller mounted on a

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vehicle and designed to periodically generate a radio demand signal and transmit same at regular
interval [6].

5, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND JUSTIFICATION

An essential concern of car accident prevention is human’s life, the most expensive and un
recoverable if once lost. Due to car accident humans may injured highly and as well as lose
their life and it leads to socio-economic disturbance. The accident has negative impact on
the growth of one country by damaging the man power and properties.

Car accident is a pandemic and it is a headache of countries over all the world. Especially,
in our country Ethiopia the accident is the worst, increasing rapidly. It is the forth in world
even if have small number of vehicles relative to the number of people, as the data states
from Ministry of Ethiopian Road Transportation. Drowsiness or unconscious is the major
cause for car accident. Almost all of car accident are due to the driver's mistake, due to the
car's technical problem is rarely happen. Then the main task of our project is to control

the driver. due to this Doing project on prevention car accident due to drowsiness and

unconscious is the matter of saving humans life and their properties from lost.

6, OBJECTIVES

6.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this project is to design, simulate and implement a prototype of a model
that used to prevent car accident due to drowsiness and unconscious of the driver.

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 6.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

 To develop controller based drowsiness detection system

 To show a method how can prevent car accident by using IR sensor
 To improve our knowledge on doing project

7, METEDOLOGY (FLOW CHART)

This project tries to solve the problem by analyzing the eye blink of the driver using IR sensor.
And it will detect the eye blink rate and duration of the blink. For successful completion of this
project some steps will be followed to carry out different tasks. Starting from identifying the
problem depends on current issue we will undergo on revising of literatures, design our system
model, simulate and finally implement the prototype.

Figure 1.1 Modeling Approach of the System

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 8, MOTIVATION

We are more interested when we do this project. Because when this project applies in different
company, it saves so many peoples life from such kind of pandemic due to car accident.
Therefore have get much more satisfaction and helps us to do much harder to finish this
project. Now a day there are so many car accident daily, and is the problem for the
development of our world.

Thanks more to Ethiopian Institute of Technology Mekelle University (EIT-M) especially we

thanks more to Mr Adhena N. we are somehow able to solve some problems i.e by advising,
by guiding, by helping some materials. Besides we believe that we select an interesting
problem even though there are modern and expensive ways to solve the same problem.

9, Scope of the Project

The scope of this project is to develop a system to prevent car accident due to drowsy by using
eye blink. We were design and simulate of system in this project. We will go on implementation
the prototype of project in the next semester.

Since especial, so that it saves the human life which is unrecoverable if once lost through car
accident due to drowsy; this project also save humans from losses of their properties. this project
involves on prevention of car accident, its contribution is very crucial. What makes it highly

10, resource required

 We are not still deep inside the project, but we will use the following resources.

A, Books

 Drowsy Detection System

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 Effective control of accidents using routing and tracking system with integrated
network of sensor

 Micro sleep

 Prevention of Accident Due to fatigue

 System and method for preventing automobile accidents

 Keyless entry system for automatically operating automotive door locking devices
without manual operation

B, Hardware Components

 Funs
 Breadboard
 Jumper
 Resisters
 Buzzers
 H-bridge switch
 IR Sensor
 MQ3 Alcohol sensor
 Comparator
 LDR

 Regulator

 11, Cost breakdown

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Types if item Amount of cost(estimated)for
each item(Birr)

1. IR Sensor

2. Buzzer

3. LDR

4. Timer

5. Fun

6. A4 Paper 150

7. Print 300

8. MQ3 Alcohol Sensor

9. LED

12, Project time schedule

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13, REFERENCES

[1]. Neeta Parmar. “Drowsy Detection System”, University of

Ryerson, 2002. http://www.ijetae.com/files/volume3Issue5/IJETAE_0513_87.pdf
[2]. R.Manojkumar.“Effective control of accidents using routing and tracking system with
integrated network of sensor”, International Journal of Advancement in Research and
Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, April-2013.
[3]. Tomas Drutarousky. “Micro -sleep”, University of Slovak, May, 2014.

http://Research.ijcaonline .org/etcsit/number4/etcsit1028.pdf

R.Manojkumar.“Effective control of accidents using routing and tracking system with

integrated network of sensor”, International Journal of Advancement in Research and
Technology, Volume 2, Issue 4, April-2013.
http://www.ijircce.com/upload/2015/April/101_45_AN.pdf

[4]. B.Praveenkumar, K.Mahendrakan. “Prevention of Accident Due to fatigue”, International

Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 3, Issue 5,
May 2014. http://www.ijrset.com/upload/2014/may75_prevntion _of_Accident.pdf

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 [5]. Gehlot NL, inventor; Lucent Technologies Inc., assignee. “System and method for
preventing automobile accidents”. United States patent US 6,060,989. 2000 May 9.
[6]. Tomoda, Takahisa, et al. "Keyless entry system for automatically operating automotive door
locking devices without manual operation." U.S. Patent No. 4,763,121. 9 Aug. 1988.

[7]. http://en.Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Sony.

THE END !!! THANK YOU !!!

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