Webinar-6-Maturation
Webinar-6-Maturation
Webinar-6-Maturation
30/04/20
Mike Benson
[email protected]
Conditioning
Definition
Objectives
Process Overview
Flavour development
Sedimentation
Process Aids
Non-biological haze
Filtration
Hops
Sediment yeast
Diacetyl is reduced
Rousing the tanks using CO2 or recirculation will improve the extraction and
drive off volatiles
Transfer the beer to a cask or a 2nd vessel leaving solids behind and chill for
carbonation or stabilisation and filtration.
Flavour Development
Diacetyl is converted to Acetoin & 2,3 Butanediol
In house checks can be done by heating to 70oC and assessing the sample
Sulphur
Lager fermentations have less vigour and lager yeasts generally produce
more sulphurs – maturation mellows the flavours.
Acetaldehyde
Fruity oils
Late fermentation
Good mixing
End of fermentation
Cool down to mid teens & add after yeast has settled
The yeast count should be below 1.5*106 per ml before packaging or filtration
Time
Temperature
Particle size
•V = Settling speed
V= 2
d (ρp- ρl)g •d = Particle diameter
•ρp = particle density
•ρl = Liquid density
18µ •µ = Liquid viscosity
•g = Gravitational constant
• So
Finings
Isinglass finings are positively charged and flocks negatively charged yeast
and proteins
Beer enters the bowl from the top, the bowl spins at high
RPM creating centrifugal forces that send the solids to the
outside, the separated beer exits the centrifuge and the solids
are ejected based on a timer or on turbidity.
Tank finings trials make sure the isinglass dose rate is correct
Once filled left to condition for 5-7 days – secondary fermentation increases the CO2
content and the beer comes into condition.
Keep 2 cask samples – 1 for quality control before releasing and one for shelf life
testing
Check taste, secondary fermentation level (ABV increase) and sediment at the end of
shelf life.
Haze Formation
Haze can be classified as biological and non-biological haze
Calcium oxalate
Starch
β-glucan
By far the most common form of non-biological haze is formed from protein
and polyphenols.
PVPP
Low nitrogen malt Slow non turbulent fill
(polyvinyl poly
speed
pyrrolidone)
Malt with no
Silica Hydrogel or Xerogels
proanthocyanidins (Clear Bottom fill
(adsorbent)
Choice)
Tannic Acid
Manage last running Purge vessels and mains
(precipitates)
Degradation Enzymes
Manage PAA
(Papain)
No dosing issues
Clarify and stabilise the beer so its appearance does not alter over time
Sieving or surface filtration - The particles cannot pass through the small
pores in the filter medium and build up on its surface
Depth filtration – Use a very porous and inert powder with huge surface area
to form a filter bed, the solids get trapped in the powder.
Depth filtration with adsorption – The filter aid is not inert, it carries a
surface electrostatic charge that attracts suspended matter .
Surface filters block easily and a depth filter has a higher throughput and can remove
more solids
Candle filters
A coarse filter powder covers the support medium – this is the pre-coat
Lenticular
Cartridge
The sheets can also be impregnated with silica gel or PVPP to aid stabilisation
Backflush to re-generate
Beer Filtration – Membrane
• Membrane filters trap particles by virtue of their constant pore size
• Located just before the packaging line, they are guard or policing filters to ensure no
contamination passes into package
• Bubble point – Liquid is held in the pores of the filter by surface tension and
capillary forces – the minimum pressure required to force the liquid out of the
pores is a measure of the pore diameter
• Cross Flow
• Mainly used in big breweries but technology is now available to smaller breweries
• Beer is pumped across the membrane at high pressure, the pores stop particles passing but
block quickly.
• As the beer is pumped fast, the solids are swept away opening up the bed
Haze Management
Whether the customer is expecting a visually bright beer or a cloudy beer – it needs
to be consistent.
Bright Beer
90o detects particles <0.4µm that are invisible to the human eye
Most beer specifications refer to EBC or ASBC, both of these are measured
at 90o. A measurement of below 0.7 would be acceptable for bright beer
and below 1.5 for cask beer
Haze Management
The haze stability can be assessed by:
Forcing tests hold the beer at 37oC. 1 week is said to be the equivalent of 1
month of normal storage
24hr at 30oC & 24hr at 0oC is equivalent to one month of normal storage
Ethanol is added to the sample and the beer is chilled to -8oC for 40min
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