OLIVAREZ COLLEGE TAGAYTAY

E. Aguinaldo Hi-Way, Crossing Silang, Tagaytay City

Wheel Energy Innovation: Developing a Sustainable Power Generator

Agripa, Jolland P. Garnace, Angelica G. Mojica, Bealyn F.

De Austria, Lian Nicholson C. Hawak, Jacqueline V. Saludar, Mark Horonato P.
Deinla, Yeshane Mae C. Lamorena, Resurrecion Q. Siglos, Emmanuel Nico C.
Gapido, Regine F. Vicedo, Younique D.

II. Introduction

Electrical energy shortage is a common issue in rural areas. In the Philippines,

particularly in rural regions, face power shortages due to the limited access to the main electricity
grid, resulting in unstable energy supply (Guia, et al., 2020). The lack of stable electricity can
limit industrial activities, prevent the establishment of small businesses, and reduce overall
productivity. The unreliable access to the electricity in rural areas hinders the local business
operations and economic growth (Francisco, 2022). To address this issue, innovative solutions
are important. The amount of waste materials that we have on our society is also a concerning
matter, therefore the use of old materials for an innovative project such as motorcycle rim, wires,
rubbers, square bar, chains, cog, and dynamo will not only divert waste from landfills but also
reduces the environmental impact linked with the production of a new material. Upcycling, often
known as Waste reuse, transforms the waste materials into something functional and valuable
products. By using these materials into products, we reduce the demand for raw sources,
minimize pollution, and contribute to circular economy where resources are reused for as long as
possible. It does not only enhance the waste management but also promotes environmental
conservation, demonstrating a practical and impactful application of upcycling (Reyes & Santos,
2018). The wheel energy motion is inspired from perpetual motion, a system that runs
continuously without external energy source. The movement of the wheel is influenced by the
size, composition, material, and weight, affecting how it moves. This field not only enhances
vehicle efficiency but also modifies the design of equipment and technologies that depend on
logical components. The materials are arranged to create a symmetric frame structure, where
bicycle rim, dynamo, electrical transformer, bottled waters and wires are working together to
form a machine and convert gravitational energy into mechanical motion, which can generate
electrical energy. It features an asymmetric frame structure where the gravity of objects on each
side creates an imbalance, leading to cyclic mechanical movement. The dynamo system can
convert gravitational energy into mechanical energy and through the help an of electrical
transformer, this can transform the mechanical energy into electrical energy. This gravity-
powered mechanism can harness the energy derived from gravitational forces (Balines, et al.,
2022).
Rural areas are experiencing critical demand of electricity, regions like Batangas
province continue to experience this. Hundreds of thousands of tourists and residents in Batangas
experience power outages at a time when electricity is mostly needed, particularly during the
peak season of Holy Week and December. Unfortunately, the Batangas I and II Electric
Cooperatives servicing the province cannot supply the power needed in critical seasons (Manalo,
2024). The current renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are beneficial but it may not
always provide a consistent supply of power, especially during a bad condition of weather.
Therefore, there is a need to develop and explore innovative energy solutions that are reliable
and sustainable. In response to this issue, the researchers propose the development of a power
generator from waste materials that can be applied to produce electricity and solution for the
power interruption in Batangas province. Today, a lot of people are in need of electricity,
particularly in rural areas. Electrical energy demand is increasing in accordance with rapid
growth of the human population, since fossil fuels is the most widely used energy source, thus it
consumes very fast (Hidayat et al., 2021). In every year that pasts the use of electricity in our
community is also increasing with the growing number of people and appliances at home. About
25.91 million households in the Philippines had access to electricity in 2022, indicating an
increase from the previous year, which represents about 96.2% of the population. The
Philippines total peak power demand in 2023 was approximately 17,300 megawatts, which was
more than the recorded peak demand in the year prior. With the exception of a minor dip in
2020, the nation's peak electricity demand has been steadily rising over the last ten years (Balita
et al., 2024). There are a lot of factors that can be the reason why communities are experiencing
power shortages, it comes along with the typhoons, earthquakes, landslides and other natural
disasters. The outages resulted from supply issues, technical failures, environmental factors, or
natural events such as storms, along with other unspecified problems in monthly documentation
(Francisco, 2023).
This study proposes the development and effectiveness of wheel energy motion, the
innovative aspect of this research aims to design and to implement a wheel energy motion a
power generator using repurposed waste materials, such as motor mags, dynamo, and rubber to
create a sustainable and eco-friendly solution. Specifically, the study aims to address the frequent
power outages in Batangas province. Additionally, the study will specifically examine the
potential capabilities of converting mechanical energy from wheel motion into sustainable
electrical energy, providing a reliable alternative power supply. Furthermore, the results will
assess the systems capacity to deliver a consistent power supply during peak demand periods,
particularly during natural disasters or critical seasons. The findings of this study could provide a
solution for electrical energy problems in Batangas province and to other regions that faces
similar challenges.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. How effective is the machine/product to generate electricity?
2. What are the characteristics of the wheel in motion in terms of:
2.1. Design and Stability of motion
2.2. Size
3. What can be observed in terms of:
3.1. Durability
3.2. Structure
4. How many revolutions per minute (RPM) are required to produce electricity, and for
how long can it generate power?

The study focuses on the development of wheel energy innovation to solve power
shortages in Batangas province, assessing the efficiency, durability, and the stability of motion of
the product. In addition, the study will only be conducted in Barangay Kaylaway, Nasugbo and
Barangay San Gregorio, Laurel at Batangas province. Furthermore, the researchers will examine
the cost-effectiveness of the product and are set to use improvised materials, focusing only on the
benefits for the community.
 This study on Wheel-on-motion will provide benefits for the community citizens in
Batangas province in a way that they will reduce their expenses in terms of electrical bills and
restore electricity when power shortage occurs. The study can be also beneficial to electricians to
provide other findings of alternative source for electricity. Additionally, energy sectors
including utility companies can utilize the findings to inform decisions on integrating energy
solutions into disaster preparedness and energy management strategies. Furthermore, the findings
will be helpful for future researchers providing information and serves as foundation for future
studies and can potentially inspire further research and development about wheel energy.
This study was supported by Circular Economy (CE), a theory turned practice, which was
initially shaped by Walter R. Stahel in the 1970s and continually improved through the years
from the contributions of various scholars. The CE theory, as outlined by Patel et al. (2024),
emphasizes the 4 R’s- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover the waste materials that can help to
minimize environmental impact. By applying its principles, the researchers aim to create
sustainable solutions that minimize environmental impact and promote resource efficiency in
energy generator processes. This study utilizes repurposed waste materials such as bicycle rim,
dynamo, plastic bottles and wires in the design and making the energy power generator. This
approach aligns with the CE framework, as it transforms waste materials into valuable resources,
reducing reliance on fossil fuel-based energy sources and provide a sustainable energy.

Effectiveness of using
motor mags, dynamo,
rubber, electrical Wheel Energy Motion –
transformer, motor, and Power Generator
wires as a power
generator

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm

 The researchers utilized the Input, Process, and Output Model (IPO Model) presented in
Figure 1 as the conceptual research model. This showed the effectiveness of motor mags,
dynamo, rubber, electrical transformer, motor, and wires as gravitational-motion power generator
as the input of the research and demonstrated the starting process of making the power generator
as the product until the analysis and interpretation of the data collected. In addition, this model
represented the output of this research—the wheel energy motion.

III. Methodology
The researchers utilized a Quantitative Quasi-Experimental Design in conducting this
research. According to Miller et al. (2020), Quasi-Experimental Designs enabled implementation
scientists to conduct rigorous studies despite limitations. On that case, the researchers used this
design to determine the effectiveness of motor mags, dynamo, and rubber in creating a
sustainable and eco-friendly. The researchers began by finding problems that our country
encountered, and places those experiencing power outages. The researchers looked for studies
and articles that examine the process of creating an alternative power energy.
The researchers conducted the study using Purposive Sampling technique. According to
Nikolopoulou, K. (2023), this refers to a set of non-probability sampling methods wherein units
are selected based on specific characteristics that are needed in the sample. On that way, using
purposive sampling, the researchers created a criteria that is needed for the respondents to meet:
professional electrical engineering, aged 20 or above, professional electricians aged 20 or above,
homeowners in Batangas Province, aged 18 or above and physics teacher's in Tagaytay City to
further enhance the research.
The researchers selected electrical engineering professionals to be the respondents of this
study, as they are able to provide insights into electricity energy quality and recommendations
for improving the foot pedal mechanism method. Those who have met the criteria are invited to
assist the researchers in testing the energy power generator. Similarly, homeowners from
Batangas Province, Physics teachers from Tagaytay City and Electricians, are also be selected, as
homeowners experiences in the Batelec I and Batelec II that would offer practical insights, while
physics teachers will contribute their expertise in physics education, and Electricians would
check the circuit of the power generator and to further enhance the study.
 The researchers collected the necessary materials that will be needed on the product. The
motor mags was collected from the junk-shop, alongside gathering 1 by 2 tubular in the
hardware. While motor fan and fan belt was gathered from the surroundings. To prepare the
mags, the researchers clean the motor mags using tap water and laundry detergent. After that,
using the grinder machine the tubular will be cut into 7 pieces to make a base and stand.
Additionally, another tubular will be cut into 8 pieces to make a foot pedal. Following that, the
welding machine was used to ensure the stability and to place 1 bearing on each stand. Next,
metal was attached to the rim to extend the hub then the fan belt will act as the belt that transfers
the motion of the wheel into the motor fan which was installed in order to convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy. Lastly, epoxy primer is painted on the product to make it look
clean and to make the welding marks invisible.
The wheel on motion, aimed to convert a rotational motion into electricity by using foot
pedal mechanism that is attached into a motor mags connected to a dynamo. In the initial trials,
issues like the rim not spinning continuously and the inability of the machine to produce
electricity caused by unbalanced weight and construction. Adjustments were made by attaching a
foot pedal mechanism that is connected to the motor mags and by modifying the stand and
bearings. By Trial 6, attaching foot pedal mechanism instead of the previous trials where eight
bottles with balanced amount of water were used. Further improvement is needed for energy
output.

Trial number Amount Procedure Results

1 8 Bottles filled with Bearing Bearing
180 Milliliters of  Using the  The bearing
welding was attached
Water machine, the into the stand.
bearing was  The inner race
attached to the of the bearing
stand. got burnt,
 The bearing therefore, the
was a lot bearing didn’t
bigger than spin.
the size of the Rim
stand.  The rim was
 The heat from attached
the welding between the
 machine got stand.
into the inner  The rim
race of the became
bearing. steady and the
axle didn’t
Rim
shake inside
 Both sides of of the bearing.
the axle were
inserted inside Caps
the bearings.  The motion of
 Locknut and the rim can
electrical tape now be
were used to connected to
secure the the dynamo
axle of the using rubber.
rim.
Dynamo
Caps  The dynamo
 four bottle can now be
caps were connected to
pierced at the the motion of
middle and the rim using
glued to each rubber.
other to be
Rubber
placed on the
rim’s axle and  The dynamo
to the is rotating as
dynamo. the rim spins.
 locknuts were Wire
used to secure  The energy
the caps. from the rim’s
Dynamo motion into
 A dc motor the dynamo is
dynamo was now
used. connected to
 The dynamo the
was placed to transformer.
the base of the Transformer
machine and  The energy
was attached from the
with a pair of motion of the
glued caps rim can now
and locknuts. be converted
Rubber into
 A rubber was electricity.
cutted into a
Socket
size that
 Appliances
matches the
can now be
caps and tight
plugged into
enough for
the machine.
both dynamo
and rim. Bottles
 The rubber  The rim got
was attached heavier.
to the caps.
Overall
Wire The machine didn’t
 A positive-
work properly as the
negative wire
was used to bearing got burnt
connect the
dynamo to the
transformer.
Transformer
 A transformer
with 110 volts
were used.
 Was putted
into the base
of the
machine.
Socket
 A socket was
placed on the
base of the
machine.
 Using a wire,
the socket got
connected to
the
transformer.
Bottles
 8 bottles filled
with 180ml
were attached
 to the rim.
Overall
The materials that
been needed was
used according to the
idea of the product.
2 8 bottles filled with All All
180 millimeters of 
Same 
procedure but
water Square bar
some changes
were needed  The stand
became
Square bar shorter
 The top of the
Wood
stand was
cutted with  The stand can
approximately now be
2 meters adjusted to the
bearing’s
Wood preferences
 As a
Bearing
replacement
for the stand,  The bearing
3 by 2 meter became more
of wood was stable and the
cutted and inner race was
pierced at the spinning
middle. smoothly.
 The cutted Overall
wood was The wheel didn’t spin
putted in the
properly because of
top of the
square bar. the wight
Bearing
 The bearing
got removed
along with the
cutted square
bar.
 A much
 smaller
bearing was
putted into the
middle of the
pierced wood.
Overall
The bearing didn’t
properly handle the
weight of the rim
along with the bottles
as the bearing that
been used becomes
much smaller than
before.
All All
 Same  More stable
procedure as and lesser
in the trial 2 weight of the
but less rim was
weight. needed.
Bottles Bottles
 Lesser water  The weight of
was putted the rim is still
8 bottles filled with inside the not
3 152 millimeters of bottle compatible
 This time the for the
water bottle was bearing.
filled with
Overall
152ml of
water The rim still didn’t
spin continuously
Overall
 The rim
become much
lightweight

4 4 Bottles filled with All All

152 millimeters of  Same  More stable
 procedure as and lesser
in the trial 2 weight of the
but less rim was
weight. needed.
Bottles
Bottles  The rim
 4 bottles were become much
removed more
 4 bottles filled lightweight
water with 152ml of than before.
water was
Overall
attached to the
 The rim
rim.
became
Overall unbalanced
The rim becomes and still didn’t
spin
more lightweight than
continuously.
before as the lesser
bottles was attached.
5 8 Bottles filled with All All
102 millimeters of  Same  The rim
procedure as before was
water the trial 2 but light and
the rim needs needed more
a balanced weight.
weight.
Bottles
Bottles  The weight is
 4 bottles were now
added but the compatible
water was with the
lesser than bearing but
before. still not
 8 bottles filled balanced.
with 102ml of
Overall (Wheel on
water was
attached to the Motion)
rim.  The machine
haven’t
Overall (Wheel on produce any
motion) electricity.
 The machine needed
a new way to make
the rim spin
perpetually.
6 All All
 Because the  To make it
wheel did not spin
spin continuously
continuously, foot metal
a new way mechanism
was needed to similar to
make it spin. traditional
sewing
Tubular
machine will
 The tubular be made.
was precisely
cut into 7 Tubular
pieces and  The base and
Additional 8 stand are now
pieces was stable and can
prepared for now proceed
the foot pedal to attach the
mechanism. necessary
to form the materials
base and needed.
stand.
Bearing
Bearing  bearings were
 Using a placed on
welding each stand,
machine, the ensuring the
bearing was smooth and
attached on efficient spin.
the stand.
Motor mags
Motor mags
 belt and a
 Both sides of motor fan can
the axle were now be
inserted inside attached.
the bearings
Dynamo
to hold the
mags in-place.  The dynamo
 Dynamo can now be
connected to
 Using a
the motion of
screw, the
motor was the motor
attached on mags using
the base. belt.
Belt
Belt
 the energy
 Placed around from the
the wheel motor mags
towards the when it spin
motor. are now
Overall connected to
the dynamo
 The machine
addresses the Overall
previous  the machine
problems such can now soin
as the continuously
inability to and provide
spin decent
continuously amount of
by applying electrical
and using foot energy.
pedal
mechanism.

The researchers would be given a permission from the principal to use in order to
surveying the respondents. After the approval of the permission, the approval would be sent to
the selected participants. By using a survey questionnaire the data would be collected. This
method would help the researchers to determine the effectiveness of motor mags, dynamo,
rubber, electrical transformer, motor, and wire as wheel energy motion. The survey would
provide respondents with open-ended questions, allowing them to choose how they want to
express their views that will help the researchers to assess their perspectives and insights.
The researchers would use the mean as the statistical treatment. Wherein, the mean will
be used to determine how respondents verbally interpreted each sentence and use the range of
mean scores to reach a final conclusion.
 Effectiveness of the Wheel Energy Innovation

RANGE QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION

3.26 – 4.00 Highly Effective
2.51 – 3.25 Effective
1.76 – 2.50 Slightly Effective
1.00 – 1.75 Not Effective

Acceptability of the Characteristics of the Wheel energy

innovation
RANGE QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION
3.26 – 4.00 Highly Acceptable
2.51 – 3.25 Acceptable
1.76 – 2.50 Slightly Acceptable
1.00 – 1.75 Unacceptable

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