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    Thermo4A.pdf

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    Thermo4A.pdf

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    of 2

    Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani

    BITS F111 THERMODYNAMICS


    First Semester, 2021-22 MID SEM (Closed Book)
    Date: 12/03/2022 Max. Marks: 90 Max. Time: 90 min.

    Part A and Part B


    Part A in question paper itself in the space provided.
    Part B in the answer book.
    Submit Part A and Part B answer book separately.
    State assumption clearly (if taken) and underline them.
    ID No. Name

    PART-A
    1. A tank containing water and air is connected with the manometer containing
    several fluids as shown in the figure. Determine the gauge pressure of air in the
    tank if h1 = 0.3 m, h2 = 0.4 m, and h3 = 0.5 m. Take the densities of water, oil,
    and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.
    [6 Marks]
    Solution:
    Let ponit 1 be at air-water interface,
    Point 2 be at the interface of manometer to atmpspheric pressure.
    Applying pressure balance,
    P1 + ρwater g h1 + ρoil g h2 - ρmercury g h3 = Patm
    P1 = Patm - ρwater g h1 - ρoil g h2 + ρmercury g h3 (3 marks)
    = Patm + g (ρmercury h3 - ρwater h1 - ρoil h2)
    = 105 + 9.81 * ( 13600*0.5 – 1000*0.3 – 850*0.4)
    = 101.325 kPa + 60.429 kPa = 161.746 kPa => Gauge pressure=61.746 kPa (3
    marks)

    2. 5 kilograms of water at 400 kPa is heated at constant pressure to 500°C in a piston-cylinder


    arrangement with an initial volume of 1.5 m3. Determine the amount of heat added (in kJ) and
    also draw the T-v diagram for the process. [6 Marks]

    This is a constant pressure process in a closed system, Hence, the heat added would be equal to
    the enthalpy change.
    Initial state:
    Specific volume=1.5/5= 0.3 m3/kg, and 400kPa=>saturated mixture
    𝑣−𝑣 0.3 − 0.001084
    𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 0.64787
    𝑣 0.46138
    (2 marks)
    Hence, h1=hf+xhfg = 604.73+0.64787*2133.81= 1987.16
    kJ/kg
    Final state: 400kPa and 500oC; h2=3484.89 kJ/kg
    Heat added= m*∆h= 5*(3484.89 -1987.16) = 7488.65 kJ

    (2 marks for final answer and 2 marks for diagram)

    Page 1 of 2
    3. An ideal gas in a piston cylinder device expands isothermally from a volume V1 to volume V2
    and then compressed back to its initial volume V1 adiabatically. If the initial pressure is P1 and
    the final pressure at the end of adiabatic process is P2, comment on the magnitude of P1 and P2
    with proper justification (That is, whether P1>P2 or P1<P2 or P1=P2). Also, comment on the sign
    of the net work done with proper justification. [6 Marks]

    Solution:

    V1 V2
    (6 marks)

    4. An ideal gas is taken through the cycle A-B-C-A, as shown in the


    figure. If the net heat supplied to the gas in the cycle is 5 kJ, evaluate:
    [6 Marks]
    (a) the net work done by the gas
    (b) the work done by the gas in the process C-A.

    Solution:
    𝛴𝛿𝑄 = 𝛴𝛿𝑊
    (𝛿𝑊) = 0 (3 marks)

    (𝛿𝑊) = 𝑃 × 𝑑𝑉 = 10 × (2 − 1) = 10𝑘𝐽
    𝛴𝛿𝑄 = 𝛴𝛿𝑊 = 5 𝑘𝐽 = (𝛿𝑊) + (𝛿𝑊)
    (𝛿𝑊) = −10 + 5 = −𝟓𝒌𝑱
    (3 marks)

    5. Arrange the following fluids in the increasing order of deviation from the ideal gas behavior.
    (a) Oxygen at 310K and 3 MPa; (b) Ethane at 366K and 2.44 MPa and (c) carbon-dioxide at
    456K and 22.14 MPa. [6Marks]

    Solution:
    CO2: Tc=304.1 K, 7.38 MPa =>Zc=0.79 (1 marks)

    O2: Tc=154.6 K, 5.04 MPa =>Zc=0.98 1 marks)

    Ethane: Tc=305.4 K, 4.88 MPa =>Zc=0.9 (1 marks)


    Therefore the increasing order of deviation is: O2, Ethane, CO2 (3 marks)

    Page 2 of 2

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