INTRODUCTION OF TOTAL STATION

INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL STAION
Today, the total station instrument has replaced theodolite. The main instrument for surveys
on site today is the “Total station”. Total station instruments can be accomplish all of the tasks
that could be done with theodolite and do them much more efficiently. In addition, they can also
observe distances accurately and quickly. Furthermore, they can make computations with the
angle and distance observations, and display the results in real time. Total stations are mainly
used by land surveyors and civil engineers, either to record features as in topographic surveying
to set out features(such as roads, houses or boundaries).
FEATURES OF TOTAL STATIONS

The theodolite is offering a complete product family. It is easy for a user to switch
between models without learning a new operation. Few key features of total station highlighted
below. Absolute circle reading. Excellent hardware features, such as laser plummet, endless
drives on both sides for horizontal and vertical, brilliant optics with 30x magnification.
1. 1 Dual-axis compensation for reliable for horizontal and vertical reading.
2. New and intuitive software.
3. Unique levelling guidance for fast and convenient setup.
4. High resolution LCD display.
5. Audible notice for 90 turns and layout.
6. Electronic laser distance measurement.
7. Free set up possible straight from blueprint.
8. Graphic sketches.
9. Hassle-free EDM measurement with red laser on any target or on the flat-prism,
Enter the data at the office and simply call it up at the site.
Upload and transfer data via on board data collection
10. Data editing and exchange in total stations.
11. Connectivity to 3rd party devices.
FUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATION
 Point location.
 Slope reduction
 Missing line measurements
 Resection
 Azimuth calculation.
 Remote distance and elevation measurement.
 Offset measurement.
 Layout or setting out operation.
 Area computation
 Tracking.
 Stakeout.
SETTING UP A TOTAL STATION INSTUMENT

Prior to observing distance and angles, the instrument must first be carefully set up over a
specific point. The setup process easily carried out using the following steps.
Tripod:
 Set the tripod at the appropriate height.

 Visually check that the tripod is level and centred over the ground position.
 Firmly place the legs of the tripod in the ground.
 Extend the legs so that the head of the tripod is approximately level.
 Attach the instrument to the tripod and “centre” the foot screws.
plumb
 Turn on the instrument, the laser plumb will be activated automatically, and the
level/plummet screen appears.
 If necessary move the position of the tripod legs to make large adjustments to centre the
plummet over the ground point 7.use the foot screws to make small adjustment to centre the
plummet over the ground point.
Rough levelling
Adjust the height of the tripod legs to level the circular level bubble. Note: Do not move the
legs from the position just lengthen or shorten them, one at a time,as necessary to bring the
bubble into centre.
Fine plumb and level
At this time your instrument should be very close to the ground point, check the plummet
and circular level bubble to verify this. If this is not the case you must repeat the plumb and
rough levelling steps above, otherwise continue on to the next step.
 Turn the instrument unit it is parallel to two foots screws. Centre the electronic level of the
first axis by turning the two foot screws. Arrows show the direction of rotation required .A
and B in a figure (a), then rotated 90, as shown in fig (b), and centred second axis by turning
the third foot screw(c) only.
 This process is repeated in the initial two position and carefully checked to ensure that the
bubble remains centred.
ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

The following are the advantages of total station:
 It provides quick setting of the instrument on the tripod using laser plummet.
 It gives digital measurements of sloping, horizontal and vertical angle accurately and
precisely.
 It gives digital measurements of horizontal and vertical angle accurately and precisely.
 It consists of electronic field book to record the data and additional information.
 It can be used for speedy completion of any type of project work.
 It provides accurate setting out work by co-ordinate method.
 It provides provision of uploading and downloading the data to the computer.
 It is used to prepare the map and drawing using software.
 It consists of on-board area computation programme to compute the area of the field with
greater accuracy.
 It displays graphical view of plots and lands for quick visualization.
 It provides enormous plotting of area computation at any user required scale.
 It allows integration of data base (exporting map to GIS packages).
 Using robotic total station single surveyor can perform surveying work.
DISADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

 Their use does not provide hard copies of field notes. Hence, it may be difficult for the
surveyor to look over and check the work while surveying.
 For an overall check for the survey, it will be necessary to return to the office and prepare the
drawings using appropriate software.
 They should not be used for of the sun, unless special filters are used, if not, the EDM part of
the instrument will be damaged.
 The instrument is costly, and for conducting surveys using total station, skilled persons are
required.
USES OF TOTAL STATION

 Due to the versatility and lower cost of electronic components, future field instrument will be
more like total station that measure angle distance simultaneously having.
 All capabilities of theodolite.
 Electronic recording of horizontal and vertical angle.
Storage capabilities of all relevant measurements (spatial and non-spatial attribute data) for
manipulation with computer.

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INTRODUCTION OF TOTAL STATION

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INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL STAION

FEATURES OF TOTAL STATIONS

SETTING UP A TOTAL STATION INSTUMENT

 Set the tripod at the appropriate height.

ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

DISADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION

USES OF TOTAL STATION

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