1 Put the verbs into the correct box in the third­

person singular, as in the examples.

• grab • catch • say • dry • capture • try • play • dress 4 Choose the correct verb form. Give reasons.
• do • give • enjoy • complete • empty 1 Harry gQ§ / is going to the same campsite every August. (habit)
• fix • buy • hold • cry • delay • fly • crash

2 And Messi seores/ is scoring an awesome goal!

+-s grabs, gives,holds

3 Does the AT pass/ Is the AT passing through 14 states?
-ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o
cotches, captures,dresses,does,completes, 4 Why doesn't Sam wear / isn't Sam wearing hiking boots today?
+-es fixes,crashes

vowel with -y+ -s says, plays,enjoys,buyes,delays 5 The guided tour ends / is ending at noon.

consonant with -/ 6 Abby talks always / is always talking about her London trip.
dries, tries,empties,cries,flies
➔ -ies
7 How long does it take / is it taking to walk the Appalachian Trail?
2 Add -ing to the verbs in the list below and put
them into the correct box, as in the examples. 8 1 wait / am waiting at the traffic lights right now.

• go • tie • make • swim • lie • write • take • plan 5 Put the verbs in brackets into
• shine • live • see • stop • get • sleep • die • snow the present simple or the
present continuous.

+-ing going, sleeping,seeing

-¡é ➔ -y+ -ing tying, Lying,dying

-/ ➔ -ing making, writing,taking,shining,living,

double consonant
swimming, planning,stopping,getting,
with -ing snowwing A: 1 love being on holiday in London! So where 1) are we going

(we/go) tomorrow?

3 ldentify the tenses in bold. B: do you constantly ask (you/constantly/ask)

Why 2) ...........................................
questions?
me

1 l'm taking photos now. A: Because you 3) ... always have

................................. (always/have) the
(present continuous)
answers!
visited
2 Amy jogs every day. B: Well, we 4) ........................................... (visit) galleries for the
(present simple) next two days and tomorrow it's the Tate Modern.
3 The rain is getting heavier. A: does it open
What time 5) ........................................... (it/open) ?
(present continuous)
check
B: Wait a minute. 1 6) ........................................... (check) that
4 The eagle soars high above the forest.
(present continuo) on my phone. Here we are - 10 am, but we can go a bit later.
doesn´t suit
Great - early mornings 7) ...........................................
5 Ned lives in a cottage by the canal. A: (not/suit)

(present simple) never get up

me at all. 18) ........................................... (never/get up)
6 Ben's flying to the USA tomorrow. befare 9 on holiday.
(present continuous)
B: Don't forget we need to get a souvenir for Toby. He
7 The air gets thinner as you go upa mountain.
usually buys ....... (usually/buy)
9) ................................... us something, so
(present simple)
8 Our train leaves at noon. we should do the same.
(present perfect) A: No problem. Every art gallery has a gift shop. Look, the waiter
come ..
10) ......................... ........ (come) back. Drink up and
gets
let's pay. The sky 11) ....... ...................... ............ (get) darker
and my umbrella's back at the hotel.
rains
B: lt sure 12) ........................................... (rain) a lot here.
A: That's how we know we're in London, Alesha !
 6 Choose the correct verb form. Give reasons.
8 Put the verbs in brackets into the present
1 The tent we're taking with us belongs / is belonging to Kelly. simple or the present continuous.
(stative verb - no continuous form)
1 A: This town doesn't hove (not/have) many cycle lanes.
Thinks
B: The council ........................ (think) of building more next year.
2 Ted sees / is seeing his travel agent later.
will be
2 A: Jake ........................ (be) really rude today. lt's not like him.
3 Tom hates / is hating hiking in the forest. doesn´t seem (not/seem) to be in a very good mood.
B: Yes, he ........................
is looking
4 How much does that tent cost / is that tent costing? 3 A: Mum ........................ (look) for Dad. Do you know where he is?
tasted
B: In the kitchen. He ........................ (taste) the curry to see if it's spicy enough.
5 1 enjoy / am enjoying running in the fresh air today. Do you want (you/want) sorne cake?
4 A: ........................
contains
B: No, thanks. lt ........................ (contain) nuts and l'm allergic to them.
6 These hiking boots don't fit / aren't fitting me.
tastes
5 A: The food here ........................ (taste) awful !
7 1 don't want / 'm not wanting to go skiing. do not agree (not/agree) with you. My dish is delicious.
B: 1 ........................

8 lf the food doesn't taste / isn't tasting right, then add s orne salt. 9 Tick the gaps in the sentences to indicate the
correct position of the adverb of frequency.
9 A famous singer is appearing / appears at our town festival tomorrow.
1 Emily ✓ laves ...... running ...... on her own ...... along the canal. (sometimes)
10 Why does Zoe smell / is Zoe smelling the milk? lt's fresh!
2 Sam ...... is ...... talking ...... about ...... his expensive hiking equipment! (always)

11 This first-aid kit doesn't include / isn't including bandages. 3 Drivers ...... must ...... go ...... over the speed limit ...... . (never)

4 1 ...... do ...... the cooking ...... when we go ...... camping. (often)

_ 12 Do you have / Are you having anything to eat in your backpack?

1O Make sentences, as in the

example. Use the adverbs af
frequency from the key.

KEY
7 Fill in the gaps with the present simple or the present continuous of the verb given. always •••••• occasionally ••
1 have usually ••••• rarely/seldom •

a We hove a small house by the lake. often •••• never o

b They are having a family meeting to discuss next year's holiday. sometimes •••
21ook
are looking
a We ........................ for a cheap hotel near the beach. 1 William/go/on short city breaks. (****}
looks
b The pool ........................ amazing! William often goes on short city breaks.
3 appear
appears
a Lily ........................ in a TV show tonight. 2 Petra/go water skiing/on the lake. (**}
appears Petra occasionally go water kiing on the lake
b The weather ........................ to be getting better.
4 think
is thinking 3 1/can/put up/my tent/quickly. (*****}
a Karen ........................ about going hiking this weekend.
i can usually put up my rent quickly
thinks
b Alfie ........................ cruises are boring.
S feel 4 Layla/have been/late for work. (O}
feels
a Harry ........................ his son's head for a bum p. Layla have never been late for work
b My coat still ........................
feels wet from all the rain yesterday.
6 see S 1/see/my college friends/nowadays. (*}
a 1 why Gary loves kayaking - it's great fun!
........................
see I rarely see my college friends nowadays
sees
b Jane ........................ sorne old friends from university tonight.
6 Oliver and Cody/be/very friendly. (******}
Oliver and Cody always be very friendly

7 The Joneses/have/a picnic/in the park. (***}

The Joneses sometimes have a picnic in the park
11 ldentify the tenses in bold.
a an action which started in the past
and continues up to the present
b a past action which has a visible
1 Kate's parents really like the souvenirs she has bought them. (present perfect) result in the present
(present perfect c an action which happened at an
2 lt has been snowing all night and we can't drive on the roads. continuous)
unstated time in the past
3 1 have just called our hotel to confirm our reservation. (present perfect d an action taking place during a
continuous) period of time that is not finished
at the time of speaking (with
4 Luke has bought a map to take with him on his trip. (present perfect)
today, this week, etc)
5 We have been hiking in these woods ali morning; let's take a break. (present perfect)e a recently completed action
a personal experience/change
6 This is the first time l've seen the Houses of Parliament. (present perfect continuous)
g to emphasise the duration of an
action which started in the past
7 James has called four hotels so far this morning but none (present perfect) and continues up to the present
had rooms available.
h an action that started in the past
and lasted fer sorne time, may still
8 1 can't believe you have been trying on hiking boots for two hours! (present perfect be continuing or have finished,
continuous)
with results visible in the present
9 The historie hotel has belonged to the same family for over three centuries.
to express anger, irritation,
(present perfect) annoyance or criticism
12 Choose the correct ítem.

1 Connor yet / still hasn't decided where to go hiking next weekend.

2 Amy's been looking around the gift shop since / for half an hour.

3 Have you ever / so far travelled abroad?

14 Choose the correct verb form. Give reasons.
4 Minnie and Rory haven't visited the Louvre already / yet.
1 How long have you known / have you been knowing about Daisy's trip to Paris?
5 Anna hasn't stayed in a youth hostel ever / befare. (an action which started in the past and continues up to the present)

6 Charlie's never / recently been camping in his life.

2 Niall's exhausted because he's hiked / he' s been hiking in the forest all day.
7 Sam's just / ever had a ride on a speedboat along the river. a past action which has a visible
result in the present
8 Ruby's been putting up her tent since / for 10 o' dock. 3 1 haven't booked / haven't been booking the train tickets yet.
an action which happened at an
unstated time in the past
9 Olly has never / already booked next summer's holiday.
4 Jacob has visited / has been visiting Japan twice.
10 1 haven't had any free time to go hiking recently / since. a personal experience/change
5 Zach and Toby have waited / have been waiting to board their plane for over an hour.

13 Fill in gane to, been to or been in.

to emphasise the duration of an action which started in the past and
continues up to the present
6 Our taxi to the airport has just been arriving / has just arrived.
an action that started in the past action which started in the past and continues
up to the present
1 Molly has been to Kew Gardens three times this year. 7 Now that James and Lily have been moving / have moved to the countryside, they feel
more relaxed and peaceful.
2 Lee is coming today and Stan has ..............
gone to to the airport to express anger, irritation, annoyance or criticism
to pick him up. 8 The phone has rung / has been ringing for two minutes. Why don't you pick it up?

been to a recently completed action

3 A: Have you .............. the shops yet?
B: 1 haven't had time. 1'11 go later.
been in the hotel room all morning.
4 We've ..............
Let's go out and do sorne sightseeing.
gone to
5 Harry has .............. Liam's house. You can call him there.
 17 Put the verbs in brackets into the
present simple, the present continuous,
the present perfect or the present
15 Put the verbs in brackets into the present
perfect continuous.
perfect or the present perfect continuous.

1 Beth has been serving (serve) customers in the campsite shop all morning.
Ally's BLOG
HuMt I PO:.h l GALEKY I YICEJS WI-TACT �

have passed
2 1 ......................................................... {already/pass) three other hikers on the mountain path.

3 has been talk

Nancy ......................................................... (talk) on the phone far the last fifty minutes.
Have Val and Sean
4 ......................................................... {Val and Sean/camp) by the side of the river far long?

5 haven´t not put

We ......................................................... (not/put) the tent up yet.

6 do those boots hurt

How long ......................................................... {those boots/hurt) you?

7 Do you reading
......................................................... (you/read) Sally's travel blog lately? Hi there, everyone! Here I am in Wales, halfway through the

8 you running
You're very red in the face. ......................................................... (you/run) up the stairs? Wales Coast Path. lt 1) 's been raining (rain) all morning, but 1
have stayed
2) ..................................... (stay) dry inside the hostel at the
have not write
moment. 1 3) ..................................... (not/write) a blog

entry since I started the route, so here's an update. 1

16 Put the verbs in brackets into the present I am thinking

4) ..................................... (think) of doing this walk far ages.
perfect or the present perfect continuous.
The Wales Coastal Path is the only coastal hike that

1 A: How long have you been saving up (you/save up) far your trip? runs
S) ..................................... (run) the length of an entire

B: Just a month, so I haven't put aside (not/put aside) much yet. l´ve been going
country. lt's 870 miles long and 6) ..................................... (go)
just found out
2 A: 1 ......................................... Uust/hear) that Sam's back from holiday. all the way from Queensferry in the north to Chepstow in the
bee telling
B: Yeah, she ......................................... (tell) us about it all morning. south. The views from the cliffs are spectacular - 1
Has Rob phone
3 A: ......................................... (Rob/phone) far a taxi yet? have already
7) ..................................... (already/take) loads of photos far

B: have tries
He ......................................... (try) far a while, but he can't get a signal. you make
you! 1 8) ..................................... (make) sorne great friends
Have you talked
4 A: ......................................... (you/speak) to Mike today? have been
while 1 9) ..................................... (be) in Wales. The
haven´t not see
B: No, 1 ......................................... (not/see) him since Sunday, actually. i love
locals are really warm and 10) ..................................... (love)
have you bringing
5 A: ......................................... (you/bring) the road map with you? chatting to a new face. Not everyone is so friendly, though. One
have given
B: Of course! How do you think 1 ......................................... (give) you accurate directions hiker I met 11) have always complain (always/complain)
.....................................
ali this time? have never feel
about how hard the hike is. 1 12) .....................................
6 A: have compained
You ......................................... (complain) about the hotel far hours. lt's really annoying,
(never/feel) so annoyed with anyone befare! Don't go
you know!
haven´t not do
B: Well, it's not my fault they ......................................... (not/do) any of the things we hiking if you can't put up with a little difficulty! Anyway, later
requested! will get together with
today, 1 13) ..................................... (get)

sorne fellow hikers in Aberystwyth. Someone

sorne fellow hikers in Aberystwyth. Someone

tells
14) ..................................... (tell) me that you can have a
1
picnic at the thirteenth-century castle there. 1
been looking
15) ..................................... (look) forward to that all day! lt
just stopped
16) ..................................... Uust/stop) - pouring down, so

that's all far now. Check back soon far my next update.
18 Tick the correct sentence.
1 a The train far Brentfard leaves at 10:30 am. ✓
b The train far Brentfard is leaving at 10:30 am.

2 a I don't understand this.

b l'm not understanding this.

3 a Calum has been waiting far the coach far an hour.

b Calum is waiting far the coach far an hour.

4 a He seldom doesn't go fishing.

b He seldom goes fishing.

5 a Aidan is stayíng at hís grandparents' cottage thís week.

b Aidan stays at his grandparents' cottage this week.

6 a The train hasn't left yet.

b The train hasn't left already.

7 a I am seeing our bus coming around the comer.

b I see our bus coming around the cerner.

8 a He's known how to surf since he was ten years old.

b He knows how to surf since he was ten years old.

19 Complete the sentences with two to five

words, including the word in bold.
1 She is still trying to decide where to go for a city break.
NOT She has not decided where to go for a city break yet.

2 Charlie started hiking at 8 o'clock this morning.

SINCE has been doing it since
Charlie ........................................ 8 o'clock this morning.

3 Lily carne to Chicago ten days ago.

HAS has been
Lily ........................................ Chicago for ten days.

4 lt's the first time Fran has ever visited London.

BEEN has ever been
Fran ........................................ London before.

5 lt's been about two months since I last saw Harry.

SEEN I´ve been seeing
1 ........................................ about two months.

6 lt's so annoying to keep losing my way in the woods!

I´ve always keepping
ALWAYS 1 ........................................ lost in the woods!
 1 Choose the correct verb form. Give reasons.

1 A: Did you attend / Were you attending the St Patrick's Day celebrations
last Tuesday? (an action which happened at a stated time in the past)
4 past
Put the verbs in brackets into the
simple or the past continuous.
B: Yes, let me show you the photos I was taking / took.

2 A: How were you booking / did you book the festival tickets online?

B: 1 went / was going to their website, picked / was picking a

date and was paying / paid by credit card.

3 A: The pierogi you were cooking / cooked last night were delicious!

B: Well, while I made / was making them, 1

was following / followed the recipe very carefully. Last week, 11) decided (decide) to visit my cousin in Leeds as
4 A: How were you spending / did you spend Burns night when you were little? a surprise. On Thursday evening, my train

B: My family and I were having /had a special meal with friends and family every year. arrived
2) .............................. (arrive) at the station. As 1

A: Were you seeing / Did you see the parade last night? was walking
3) .............................. (walk) to my cousin's house, 1
B: Not ali of it. 1 was watching / watched it on my laptop, when the screen ran into
was going / went blank and I couldn't see anything! 4) .............................. (run into) a large group of people

who marching
5) .............................. (march) down the street.
A: What was that loud noise coming from your house at noon yesterday?

B: My brother was playing / played the drums! They had lanterns and sorne of them

A: This article says that the first Mother's Day took / was taking place in the USA in 1914. played
6) .............................. (play) drums while others

B: Really? That's interesting! were performed (perform)

7) .............................. tricks. As 1

2 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. 8) taking
.............................. (take) photos, 1
1 As my father was reading (read) a poem aloud, my brother was playing (play)
noticed
9) .............................. (notice) my cousin at the front of
a traditional song on the bagpipes.

2 1 ... did not win

......................... (not/win) the puppet making contest last year, but I think 1 the procession wearing a colourful costume. 1 couldn't believe
have a good chance this year.
my eyes. She was surprised too, but happy to see me. Later,
Falled
3 Heavy snow ............................. (fall) and a freezing wind
blows
............................. (blow) when Joshua left his house that morning.
she explained
10) .............................. (explain) that it was Light
did not gather (not/gather) flowers for the May Day procession at
4 Kim .............................
9 am. She was at home. Night, a festival of arts and creativity. The residents of Leeds
were you talk (you/talk) to on the phone when I carne in?
5 Who ............................. were started (start)
11) .............................. it in 2005 so people could
enjoyed
6 We really ................ ... (enjoy) ourselves at the Gudvangen Viking Market,
participate in cultural events. lt was great! We
last weekend.

7 Was.......................
jack driving (Jack/drive) ali the way to Dublin? explored
12) .............................. (explore) the art installations and

3 Form questions using the prompts and the past simple or the past continuous. even bought
13) .............................. (buy) our own lanterns. 1'11

1 A: you/watch/fireworks/10 o'clock last night? Were you wotching the fireworks ot 10 o'clock /ost night?
definitely go again next year!
B: No, / wosn't. 1 went (go) to bed early.
Did you hear about
2 A: you/hear about/festival/on the radio? ............................. the festival on the radio?
......................................................
B: I was
Yes, .............................. listened
. 1 ........................................... (listen) to my favourite programme
mentioned
when they ...................................... (mention) it.
Was Frank working yesterday morning? .
3 A: Frank/work/yesterday morning? ...................................................................................
I was did not see
B: Yes, .............................. . That's why he ...................................... (not/see) the parade.
Did James and Lily srudy yesterday
4 A: James and Lily/study/yesterday at noon? ................................................................... at noon?
i wasn´t
B: No, .............................. watched
. They ..................................................... (watch) a play at the theatre
at that time.

5
Did the parade start at 10:00 a.m last sunday?
A: parade/start at 10:00 am/last Sunday? .................................................................................. ..
i wasn´t
B: No, .............................. spill
. lt .......................................... (pour) with rain then, so they
delayed
.................................. (delay) it for an hour.
 was only lived

have taked part

spent

had

have not reserved have avoided

believed

noticed
was it started

were passing
changed
was celebrating

begining have lived

have not let off walked

have been

have had
offered
7 Complete the sentences with used to or would.
In which sentences can you use both?
1O Choose the correct item.

1 When I lived in Krakow, 1 used to/wou/d watch the Dragon Parade from my
X
window.

used to
Every winter, Ben ........................... visit his grandparents for Burns Night. Helio Kate,
2

wouldn´t
3 Ann ........................... dislike haggis but now she finds it really delicious. Hope you're well. l'm still in the US and l'm having a ball! Let me

used to tell you ali about a strange but fun event that 11) 've been to/
4 My fami·1y ........................... try a11 of the local dishes whenever we went abroad.
used to go to/ 've gone to!
used to
5 At school, my class ........................... make decorations for our winter show.
Last Wednesday, we 2) visited / were visiting / have visited
would
Nathan ........................... feel very excited about going to the Robin Hood
6
Festival when he was a little boy. our cousins in Pennsylvania. My aunt 3) invited / was inviting /

8 Fill in the correct form of belget used to.

has invited us to a special celebration in the woods that

takes place every 2nd February, called Groundhog Day. After a

1 Helen wasn't used to taking her shoes off at the door befare she moved to Japan. little online research, 1 4) used to find out/ found out/

was used to
2 Jon has lived in London his whole life so he .................................... large crowds of people. would find out that it's a tradition involving an animal
gets used to called a groundhog. lf the groundhog sees its shadow when it
3 1 hope Stanley .................................... cooking for himself soon, now that he lives on his own.

4 When I moved to the UK, 1 found it difficult to drive on the other side of the road but then wakes up after its winter sleep on that day, there will be six
get used to
1 .................................... it. more weeks of winter, and if it doesn't, spring will start early.
be used to
5 Tom didn't know how to care for a pet, but now that he has a puppy he .................................... When we arrived, it was cold but the sun 5) would shine /
it more and more every day.
was shining / has shined . Well, 1 couldn't believe my eyes!
6 get used to
1 grew up in a hot country so 1 .................................... the cold British weather.
Everybody was in the woods and sorne of them

9 Choose the correct item.

6) used to wear / were wearing / got used to wearing

1 Our Chinese neighbours ....... us to celebrate the Lunar New Year with them every year. groundhog costumes. We 7) tried / were trying / have tried
@ used to invite B were inviting C are used to inviting
sorne of the traditional dirt pie when the groundhog finally
2 Every year, on 5th November, my brother ....... wood for the bonfire.
A was collecting B got used to collecting e would collect 8) carne out/ was coming out/ has come out of its home.
3 In ancient Egypt, people ....... cats because they thought they brought good luck. Everyone started cheering and saying that the groundhog saw
A kept B were keeping C used to keeping
4 When I was a little child, 1 ....... puppets because I was really seared of them. its shadow!
A would hate B used to hate C was hating lt was a fun day but I was very cold -1 9) wouldn't be used /
5 1 don't like milk in my tea. 1 ....... it that way.
A wouldn't use to drink B 'm not used to drinking C don't use to drink 'm not used / don't get used to these American winters
6 Carl has lived next to the ocean for most of his life so he ....... the sound of the waves. yet, so 110) was shivering / would shiver / 've shivered
A is getting used to B is used to C will get used to
7 Jimmy has just started going to school so he ....... away from home yet. the whole time I was there!
A hasn't got used to being B didn't use to be C is getting used to being Have to go now. Write back with your news!
8 Alison ....... pierogi last night.
Christina
A would try B used to try e tried
11 Correct the sentences, as in the example.
were dancing
1 At 4 pm, we wo1,1IEI Elar::ice to sorne traditional music at the folk festival.
wind was blowing
2 When I woke up, the wind blew and the rain poured down.
We were lighting
3 We used to light a bonfire last night.
painted
4 On Saturday, 1 have painted sorne decorations green far the St Patrick's Day parade.
marched at
5 While Kim would march in the parade, her sister was taking photos of her.
own
6 Janet didn't get used to living on her own yet.
hated
7 When he was a baby, my younger brother would hate the loud noises on Bonfire Night.

get
8 When I moved to Mexico, 1 am used to eating the spicy local food after a couple of months.
all his
9 Jack has had a dog his whole life so he gets used to taking care of a pet.
were you sleeping
10 Did you sleep when I called you?

12 Complete the sentences with two to five words, including the word in bold.

1 Paul drove home in the rain.

WAS lt was raining when Paul drove home.

2 We haven't been to lreland since 2018.

have been since
IN We last .......................................... 2018.

3 George was a trumpet player in the school marching band when he was 15.
used to play
George .......................................... the trumpet in the school
USED
marching band when he was 15.

4 1 don't think 1'11 ever find it easy to live in a small village.

GET live a get
I don't think 1'11 .......................................... in a small village.

5 Patrick called us at dinnertime.

WERE were having
We .......................................... dinner when Patrick called us.

6 Grace feels very comfartable when she has to perfarm in public.

USED feels very comfortobale in public.
Grace ..........................................

7 Carmen once taught at a very famous drama school.

BE will be
Carmen .......................................... a teacher at a famous drama school.

8 Anthony and Claire didn't use to spend every Burns Night with their friends in Edinburgh.
would spend
WOULD Anthony and Claire .......................................... every Burns Night with their friends
in Edinburgh.

9 When I started working on a farm, 1 got into the habit of waking up at 6 am.
GOT have got
After I became a farmer, 1 .......................................... at 6 am.

10 Ann never celebrated New Year's Eve befare she moved to the UK.
used to
USE Befare she moved to the UK, Ann .......................................... New Year's Eve.

11 When she was at school, my sister's hobby was baking cakes far special events.
would be
WOULD When she was at school, my sister .......................................... far special events.

12 Nigel has been living in Krakow far a year, but he hasn't made many friends yet.
MOVED Nigel moved away a long time ago, but he hasn't made many friends yet.
..........................................
1 ldentify the tenses in bold. a an action that !asted far sorne time in
the past and whose result was visible
in the past
1 Jenny had been hiking for six hours when she
reached the mountain summit. (post perfect continuous) b an action which finished befare another
past action or befare a stated time in
2 Sarah's hair was wet because she had been the past
swimming. (past perfect)
e an action which finished in the past and
3 Mark's ankle was sore because he had twisted it.(past perfect) whose result was visible at a later point
in the past

4 Louis had caught five lionfish by the time the emphasis on the duration of an action
d
diving expedition was over. (past perfect continuous) which started and finished in the past,
befare another action or stated time
2 Match the two columns to make sentences. in the past

They hadn't been driving far long

3 Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
lan felt a lot of pain because
1 A: Why were the kids so tired yesterday?

B: Because they had been swimming (swim) in the sea all day.
The cave tour had already started
2 A: Why didn't she put any insect repellent on during the hike?
B: had already put
Because she ...................................... (already/put) sorne on befare leaving the hotel.
Sue was annoyed as
Did John finish
3 A: ...................................... (John/finish) packing his bag befare he went to bed last night?
B: No, he did it this morning.
sO John had been abseiling far two hours
4 A: How was Lisa able to affard a holiday to the Sahara Desert?
a by 9:00 am. had been sabing
B: She ...................................... (save) far it since last year.

5 A: did they walk

How long ...................................... (they/walk) befare they reached the campsite?
b so his arms were sore.
B: About five hours.

6 A: How was the helicopter ride?

e it had been raining ali day.
B: didn´t fly
lt was a bit scary because 1 ...................................... (not/fly) on a helicopter befare.

d befare their car broke down.

e a bee had stung him. 4 Choose the correct verb form. Give reasons.
1 The sun set/ had set by the time they finished kite-buggying.
(on oction which finished befare onother post oction)

2 He had boarded / boarded the plane, found his seat and sat down.
an action that !asted far sorne time in the past and whose result was visible in the
past
3 How long had George been driving / driven before he ran out of petral?
an action which finished befare another past action or befare a stated time in the past

4 She trained / had been training to become a diving instructor since

June so she did well in the exam.
emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past,
befare another action or stated time in the past

5 Dan was sad beca use he had been forgetting / had forgotten
to bring his camera on the tri p.
an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a
later point in the past

6 Yesterday, a snake had bitten / bit Julia on the leg.

an action which finished befare another past action or befare a stated time in the past
 5 Put the verbs in brackets into 6 Choose the correct sentence, as in the example.
1 By the time I got to the airport the plane had already taken off.
the past perfect or the past
a First I got to the airport, then the plane took off.
perfect continuous.
@ First the plane took off, then I got to the airport.
HOMF I GAi I FRY I ARTICI FS 1 (ONTACT 1IS �� f
2 After he had put up his tent, he took a walk.
a He took a walk befare putting up his tent.
b He put up his tent befare taking a walk.
3 1 had been trying to book a holiday online far an hour when my computer crashed.
a The computer crashed while I was trying to book a holiday online.
b The computer crashed befare I tried to book a holiday online.
4 They had already eaten when Ken invited them to lunch.

Hey guys! While we were on holiday, my brother Toby and 1 a Ken invited them to lunch and then they ate.
b First they ate and then Ken invited them to lunch.
went coasteering. We were excited to try it because we 1) had 5 She had been taking photos of the landscape when she saw a giraffe.
seen (see) videos online and it looked really fun ! We a She saw a giraffe in the landscape and took a photo of it.
was booking b She saw a giraffe after photographing the landscape.
2) ............................... (book) our tickets weeks befare the

holiday to make sure we didn't miss out. 1 was a bit nervous

had heard
because 1 3) ............................... (hear) about people

hurting themselves in the past. However, 1

I´ve been waiting

4) ............................... (wait) to try it far so long that 1 7 Put the verbs in brackets into
didn't let my nerves stop me. With each step, my adrenaline the past simple or the past
perfect.
increased and I felt more confident. But maybe I got a bit too
State which action
confident ... happened first.
We 5) had jumped
............................... (jump) along the coastline 1 wnen Jam1e amvea 1amve¡ at tne campsite, he realised (realise) that he

far about an hour when I suddenly fell over and twisted my had forgotten (farget) to bring his sleeping bag.

had slipped
First action: had forgotten
ankle; 1 looked around and saw that 1 6) ............................... finished
2 After the sightseeing tour ................................. (finish), Catherine
(slip) on sorne slimy seaweed. Our guide had wandered
................................. (wander) around the local market far an hour.
had warned
7) ............................... (warn) us to be careful of this First action: ................................
had wandered .
were chatting 3 toke
He ................................. had said
(take) me canoeing after 1 .................................
befare we set off, but we 8) ............................... (chat) and
(say) 1 would like to try it.
not paying much attention, to tell you the truth! 1 felt pretty
had said
First action: .................................
embarrassed, but at least it's not broken ! Have you ever injured booked
4 Mary ................................. (book) the tickets far kite-buggying befare she
yourself on holiday? had surprised
................................. (surprise) her sister with them.
lkMtiillul,H;, had surprised
First action: .................................
5 already learned
Sally ................................. (already/learn) the basics by the time she
......had
......tried
.. .. ..... ............ (try) kite-buggying.
had tried
First action: .................................
 went

fell

looked had descended

did not expect

would have preferred

pointed out

tied
had not seen
lifted flew

had

had recorded
captured

got used

had been used

went trekking throught

had been together

walked a year ago

used
usedtotovisit
visithim
him
 a a
a
a
The
-
a
the

a
The
- the the
a
the
a
- -

the the

the

the The -

a the

the

the jumping

i´d hate to travel

a the
1 Fill in the missing form ofthe adjectives.

short shorter the shortest

busy busier the busiest

expensive more expensive the most expensive

strong the strongest
4
4 ...................................• stronger
good Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets into the correct form, adding any necessary words.
better the best

lovely more beautiful the most beautiful

1 A: Maybe we should move to a more comfortoble (comfortable) flat.
7 lower..
................................ less lowest
closer
8: Yes, we need to be somewhere much .................................. (close) to work too.
8 thin thinner the skinniest
2 the most popular (popular) with people here.
A: 8ikes are very ..................................
sensible the most sensible
8: That's true. lt's the most commonly(commonly) used form of transport in the city.
9 . ...................................... . more sensible
..................................
10 quiet quieter the quietest
the most luxurious (luxurious) hotel you've ever seen?
3 A: lsn't this ..................................

2 Write the comparative and superlative forms ofthe following adverbs. cheaper
8: Yes, but it's certainly not .................................. (cheap)!
4 the worst
A: That flat was .................................. (bad) we've looked at so far.
1 badly worse the worst
little more attractive
8: 1 don't agree. 1 think the one we saw on Monday was much .................................. (little/attractive)!
2 slowly slower the slowest
sooner
5 A: 1 wish we'd made an offer on that house .................................. (soon).
3 hard harder the hardest faster
8: Me too. They sold much .................................. (quickly) than I thought they would.
4 well better the best noisier
6 A: This neighbourhood is far .................................. (noisy) than where we used to live.
more seriously the most seriously cheaper
8: 1 know, but at least we pay .................................. (little) rent now.
5 seriously

6 far farther the farthest 5 Put the adjectives/adverbs in

the latest brackets into the correct form,
7 late later
adding any necessary words.
8 fast faster the fastest

smaller the smallest () o

9 little

10 much more most

Hi Hannah!

3 Choose the correct item.

How are you? l'm sorry for not having written 1) sooner (soon),
busier
but l've been very 2) ................................. (busy) unpacking

and settling in.

better
Lite in the countryside is 3) ................................. (good) than

1 could have ever imagined! The days go by far

more peaceful
4) ................................. (peacefully) here and life moves
slower
5) ................................. (slowly) than in the city. The house is

L
iving in New York has been the best experience ot
my lite so far. Befare I moved here, 1 was worried bigger
6) ................................. (big) than our flat was, and we have
that I wouldn't make any friends, but luckily , 1 met a
the most enormous (enormous)
7) ................................. bath l've ever seen!
l)Y.ID_/ much kind girl at work and she introduced
me to sorne ot her friends, so I have a great social lite. the most amazing
However, the garden is by far 8) .................................
Finding an affordable flat was 2) a lot / by far
(amazing) thing about our new place. What l like
easier than l'd been expecting. l live in a studio
apartment in Brooklyn, which is 3) far/ by far the the most
9) ................................. (much) about it is that I can now
trendiest borough in the city, in my opinion. My
commute to work is 4) very / a lot short - it only grow my own vegeta bles! Ot course, there are sorne negatives to
takes me about 15 minutes by bus, while going to the the nearest
living here too. 10) ................................. (near) supermarket
supermarket is 5) by far/ even more
convenient, as it's just around the comer. The people further
in the area is 11) ................................. (far) than 5 km away,
are very welcoming too. 1 get on well with everyone in
faster
and the Internet speed in London is a lot 12) ............................... ..
my building except my upstairs neighbour, who plays
his heavy metal music 6) slightly / bit more
(fast) than here.
loudly than l'd like him to! New York is certainly
7) much / lot bigger and noisier than the little Have to go now. l'd love it it you could visit me here. Write back
town I grew up in and lite here moves 8) far/ very
faster, but I think that it's simply a magical place! and let me know when it suits you 13) .................................
 6 Choose the correct sentence. 8 Fill in the gaps with there or it.

1 @ This house isn't so expensive as that one.

b This house isn't so expensive so that one. 1 lt is raining now, but it doesn't matter because I wasn't planning to go out anyway.
there
2 ................ are three bedrooms and two bathrooms in this house.
2 a Is this oven the same as ours?
b Is this oven the same than ours? it
3 ................ is moving day on the 17th of June.

it
4 ................ is a 45-minute drive from here to Leeds.
3 a The larger the house, the most money it will cost to heat it during the winter.
b The larger the house, the more money it will cost to heat it during the winter. there was a meeting far all residents to discuss building maintenance last week.
5 ................

there is a spare room far rent in our house.

6 ................
4 a Moving house is too tiring.
b Moving house is enough tiring. 7 there is someone on the phone.
................ it
.. .............. is the estate agent.
there was great to see my old friends again.
8 ................
5 a He wants to live so clase to the city centre as possible.
b He wants to live as clase to the city centre as possible. 9 Fill in the gaps with there or it.
6 a Your neighbourhood is least safe than mine.
b Your neighbourhood is less safe than mine. A: Hi Peter, how do you like your new flat?
there 's
B: 1 love it! 1) /t's only a 10-minute bike ride away from uni and 2) ................ a gym on the
7 a Sharon is rich enough to own a huge villa. ground floor of the building!
b Sharon is enough rich to own a huge villa. A: That's handy! What's the neighbourhood like?
the ..
B: lt's fantastic; 3) .............. are loads of trendy shops and restaurants nearby.
g a Buying a flat is harder and harder these days. A: Cool, are there any ltalian restaurants?
b Buying a flat is hard and harder these days. it
B: Yes, 4) ................. s it
one just across the street. 5) ............... . seems that it's a favourite
it
among uni students. In fact, 6) ................. s a student night there this Friday- 50% off ali pizzas.
9 a My bedroom is half as big as my sister's. A: Really? We should go!
b My bedroom is half as bigger as my sister's.
B: Definitely. Do you have the time?
it
A: 7) ................. s ten to eleven.
10 a I think this is the less attractive house in the street.
B: Oh, l'd better go, 1 have a lecture at eleven! See you on Friday!
b I think this is the least attractive house in the street.

7 Fill in the gaps using the correct farm of the

1O Complete each sentence with two to five
words, including the word in bold.
adjectives/adverbs in brackets.

1 This villa is less luxurious (little/luxurious) than it looked in the pictures. 1 This farmhouse has the same number of bedrooms as that cottage.

modern MANY This farmhouse has as many bedrooms as that cottage.

2 The cottage is not as .................................. (modern) as the townhouse.
the least 2 No room in the house is as comfortable as the living room.
3 The bungalow is ............ ..................... (little) affordable of all the houses we've looked
FAR
the furthest................. room in the house.
The living room is ..............................
at so far.

4 worse
The quality of furniture sold at this shop is getting ................................. (bad) and 3 The estate agent says that the house has a big fireplace.
worse............... (bad) there is bigger room in the house.
THERE According to the estate agent, ................................................

5 The slower
.......................... (slowly) longest
you work, the .................................. (long) it'II
4 l've never seen such an eco-friendly house befare.
take you to paint the kitchen.
THE This is ...the greenest ..
.......................... ...... house l've ever seen.
6 more nicely
Benjie will help you move house if you ask him .................................. (nicely) enough.
big 5 Celeste can't cook as well as Nicole.
7 Our new fridge is three times as .................................. (big) as our old one.
THAN cook more
Nicole can ...................... . than.. ............ Celeste.
8 small
Their garden is too .................................. (small) to have a vegetable patch.
6 His flat is less attractive than mine.
the most comfortale
9 This mattress isn't .................................. (comfortable) enough to sleep on. AS as attractive as
His flat is not ................................................ mine.

10 further
Sarah moved .................................. (far) further
and .................................. (far) away
7 This town is more picturesque than the others.
from home as her career progressed.
MOST the most picturesque of ali.
This town is ................................................
11 the best
This flat is .................................. (good) place we've lived
better
in so far, but it could still be .................................. (good) 8 The weather is rainy at the moment so we can't go out.
nicer it is raining
RAINING We can't go out beca use ................................................ at the moment.
12 The hotel owner tried to make our stay as .................................. (enjoya ble) as possible.

9 Don't leave too late because you'II run into lots of traffic.
LESS arrive early the less
The earlier you ................................................ you'II run into.

10 The number of students coming to live in the area is increasing.

ANO are more and
There ................................................ more students coming to live in the a rea.
 3 Choose the correct
verb form. Give
reasons.

1 ldentify the forms in bold.

1 What a funny post! 1'11 share it on social media. (future simple)

2 1 imagine he'II be surprised. (future simple continuous) Helio everybody! 1 1) '11 attend / 'm attending (fixed
arrangement in the near future) a conference on the future
3 We're having a video call at 2 pm today. (present continuous)
of communication tomorrow and it's about emojis.

4 The app updates on Tuesday at 8 pm. (future simple) Apparently, sorne companies 2) will start / are going
to start using them instead of words in their adverts.
5 She's going to make a video diary of her tri p. (future simple)
1 can't believe it. Tell me what you think: 3) are
emojis going to replace / will emojis replace text in
6 Watch your step. You're going to trip over that rock. (future simple)

7 Will you text me the event details, please? (futuro simple)

Yes, 1 think so. Emojis are just like another language.

a a timetable
Actually, 1 heard about a podcast on emojis so 1 4) '11
b a polite request message / 'm going to message you the link. The next
episode 5) comes out / will come out on Friday
e a prediction based on
at 6 pm.
what we can see
Alex2005 17:02
d a fixed arrangement in
the near future 1 hope people 6) are going to keep / will keep
writing their messages. 1 don't understand emojis. 1 tell my
e an on-the-spot decision
friends to use text or 1 7) 'm not going to reply /

f an intention won't reply . You might think l'm really old. Well, 1
8) '11 be / 'm going to be sixteen in July, but
g a prediction based on what 1 still prefer traditional writing to emojis and textspeak!
we believe
LISA_S 17:08

2 Fill in the gaps with the future simple orbe

going to form of the verbs in brackets.
1 hope people 6) are going to keep / will keep
writing their messages. 1 don't understand emojis. 1 tell my
1 1 hope I'// pass (pass) my course assessment next week. friends to use text or 1 7) 'm not going to reply /

I´ll buy
won't reply . You might think l'm really old. Well, 1
2 The purple smartphone case looks nice; 1 ................................................ (buy) it.
8) '11 be / 'm going to be sixteen in July, but
won´t be attending 1 still prefer traditional writing to emojis and textspeak!
3 Ted is busy tomorrow so he ................................................ (not/attend) the seminar.
will you show LISA_S 17:08
4 ................................................ (you/show) me how to use this messaging app?
1 find it very confusing.
l'm sure that emojis 9) are going to become / will
won´t understand
5 Give him clear instructions or he ................................................ (not/understand) become a global language. They're very simple and
what to do. easy to understand. Your conference sounds interesting.
will go shut down 10) Will you send / Are you going to send me
6 My phone battery is nearly dead; it ................................................ (shut down) soon.
your notes, please?
Will adam be participating (Adam/participate) in the conference next month?
7 ................................................
KatyaCH 17:23

R=CENT POSTS POST A CUAMB\T

 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of be going to,

5 There are eight mistakes in the

the future simple, the present simple or the present continuous.

email. Find them and correct 1 1 can't find my phone. Please, wi/1 you cal/ (you/call) it so I can hear it ring?

them. 2 didn´t win

The score is 0-3. We ....................................... (not/win) this match!

3 won´t buy
Don't lose your smartphone again because 1 ...........•••••••.......•...•••••••... (not/buy) you a replacement.

4 Next year, it .. will be.......... . ......... (be) their sixtieth wedding anniversary.

5 At4 pm, we ...... met . .................. (meet) to discuss the new company messaging service.

Hey Mario, 6 What time........... does

........................ (the seminar/start)?

7 won´t forgive
Cindy is afraid that her friend ........................ .............. (not/forgive) her for the misunderstanding.
Guess what! 1 wtll-g6-am going Oíl a trip to the UK ílext
8 is raining
Don't leave your laptop in the garden. 1 can see that it .............. . .... (rain).

week. Everythiílg has beeíl paid for aíld my flights are did not have
9 Tony ....................................... (not/have) lunch with us today because he's away on business .

10 The meeting .. does not start

.................... (not/start) at 9 am this Friday because the manager can't come till 10 am.
booked. l'm so excited. My plaíle is goiílg to leave at 4 am

Oíl Moílday.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the future continuous of the verbs in the list.

lt's ílOt a holiday, though. 1 waílt to study there aíld my • not/attend • you/drive • work • you/play • take • not/give • you/watch • communicate • not/come

preferred Uíliversity will hold iílterviews Oíl Saturday 1 Wi/1 you be playing football on Wednesday evening? We need two more people for our team.
will not be atttending
2 This time next week, we ....................................... our first online Spanish class.
24th May. l've made all the arraílgemeílts aíld I will stay works
3 Sue ....................................... the meeting on Monday morning. She has a dentist's appointment.
Not coming
4 ....................................... to London at the weekend? 1 need a ride, if you don't mind.
with a family while l'm there. l'm ílervous, though,
will not give
5 Simon ....................................... his presentation next Friday because they have cancelled the conference.
because I doíl't kílow much about local culture. l'm commumicates
6 At 4 o'clock, Jack ............... ....................... with scientists at the North Pole through video chat.

7 are you watching the documentary on brain-to-brain communication tonight? l'd like you to
afraid I am goiílg to get coílfused aíld do somethiílg
takes
record it for me because 1 • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••• till late.
iílappropriate like hug my hosts iílstead of shakiílg haílds 8 Nigel is studying for exams this week so he ....you´ll be driving
........................ ......... to the theatre with us on Thursday.

wheíl I first meet them! Perhaps I am lookiílg up sorne

7
iílformatioíl Oílliíle about acceptable greetiílgs aíld
Read Celia's schedule for
tomorrow, then ask and answer
questions using the future
............... .._........�.
�:oo
11:00-12.:00
arrive al worK
meet '«ilh Mr \..u
gestures so that I doíl't embarrass myself! l:00-2.:00
perfect, as in the example.
1 hope I am haviílg sorne free time too. The weather 3:oo-4:oo
1 Celia/arrive/at work/by 8:00? 4:oo-v:oo hold telewnferenr.e
forecast predicts it is suílílY all week so, hopefully, 1'11 be Wi/1 Celia hove arrived at work by 8:0,

No, she won't. She wi/1 hove arrived by 9:00.

able to do sorne sightseeiílg aíld souveílir shoppiílg!
2 meet with Mr Lee/by 12?
will you meet Mr.Lee at 12
Have to go ílOW. Email me back with your ílews.
yes, he will. He will you meet at 12
Cheers,
3 eat/lunch/by 1:00?
Will eat lunch by 1:00
Kim
Yes, it will. it will lunch by 1:00

4 complete/the report/by 3:00?

will you have the complete report by 3:00?

yes, he will. he will complete report by 3:00

s email/all new clients/by 2:30?

Will you email new clients by 2:30?

yes, he will. he will all clients new by 2 - 3

6 finish/the teleconference/by 5:00?

wil the conference finish by 5:00?

no. he won´t. he will finish conference by 6:00

8 Choose the correct tense.
1 WiU you have finished / Will you be finishing recording your lates! podcast by next week?
1 can't wait to hear it! 11 Choose the correct item.

2 Simon won't have met / won't be meeting the head of the project on Wednesday
beca use she has postponed the interview.
1 When / By the time I get my exam results, 1'11 text you and let you know how I did.
3 Nia has to give a presentation on Friday, but she's afraid she won't be preparing /
won't have prepared it by then. 2 1 promise 1'11 keep in touch as often as I can after/just as I move abroad.
4 Will you have revised / Will you be revising all this material by the time exams start?
3 Bisera had read up on British body language befare/ while she travelled to the UK.
5 1 hope the rain will be stopping / will have stopped by the time the marathon starts.

6 Will you be working / Will you have worked late tonight? 1 can make dinner if you like. 4 Until / As soon as I finish my writing course, 1 will start my own blog.
7 Don't forget that we won't have had / won't be having lunch in our usual place on
Thursday because it's closed. s 1'11 upgrade my smartphone every time/ once l've decided on which model is better.

8 Two weeks from now, Maria will be travelling / will have travelled to the USA to

12
start her new job.
Fill in: by the time, whenever,
until, whi/e, justas, after.
9 Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous or the future perfect.
1 Wi// your brother be coming (your brother/come) to the theatre with us?

!)
1 can get a ticket for him, too.
Hi Jess! l'm not home ATM. Gone to London 1) until
will graduate
2 By the end of June, Dan ........ .............................. (graduate) from university
with a degree in communications. Sunday. Do you want me to buy you something

3 won´t receive
Carol ................................................. (not/receive) her exam results till next week. whenever
2) ...................... l'm there? Call me

4 will you read .......... (you/read) your copy ofTech Magazine on the train? after
3) ....................... you want and Jet me know. BTW 1
l'd like to borrow it.

5 Professor Betts
will not have taught
........................................... (not/teach) tomorrow's class beca use he's ill. hung out my laundry and forgot to bring it inside. 1

6 will not use

The company ................................................. (not/use) video chats next year beca use the the time
remembered 4) ..................... . 1 was getting on the
software is not ready yet.
while
train. PLZ bring it inside 5) ..................... . you come
7
will have to give
At 3:00 pm, the owner of the company ............................... ................. (give) a presentation
just as
home. THX! lt'II be past midnight 6) ..................... .
on the future of technology.

8 Frank will download

................................................. (Frank/download) the app by the time he leaves for his trip? reach my hotel so 1'11 call you tomorrow.
16:44

1 O Complete the sentences with what Patrick will be doing next week/will
have done by the time his ICT course starts.
• write • arrange • sign up • install • prepare • buy

1 On Monday, Patrick wi// be signing up for his ICT course.

He wi// hove signed up for the course by noon.

13 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
will be writing the books he needs for his course on Monday afternoon.
2 Patrick ................................ 1 A: Did you reply to Pete's email?
will have writed all the books he needs for his course.
By Monday evening, he ................................ B: Yes, 1 did so as soon as I read (read) it.

will be installing the course software on his computer. 2 A: What time is the technology seminar?
3 OnT uesday morning, Patrick ................................
find out................. (find out).
B: 1'11 send you a message when 1 .................
Patrickwill have installed the course software by the time lessons start.
................................
3 doing
A: Why are you texting on your phone while you ................................... (do) your homework?
will be arrangingan email to the course tutor introducing himself.
4 By dinnertime, Patrick ................................
B: l'm just asking my friend a question.
will have arranged
He ................................ the email at 4:00 pm.
4 A: Is your computer broken?

5 will be preparingfor his first lesson.

For the rest of the week, Patrick ................................ turned
B: Yes, it crashed the moment 1 ................................... (turn) it on.
the shop will deliver
He will have preparedfor his first lesson by the end of the week.
................................ 5 A: When do you think ........ .......................... (the shop/deliver) your new smartphone?

B: Sorne time this week.

6 Patrickwill be buying
................................ transport to the college by Friday.
will have buyed transport to the college.
This time tomorrow, Patrick ................................
14 Choose the appropriate time conjunctíon. are a product manufacturer and
will have
6) .................................... a meeting later to
1 Here's my email address. Let's keep in touch once/.wbil.e. l om (be) on holiday.
introduce your product to possible clients. You
2 can I borrow your book on non-verbal signals by the time/ alter read
you ........................... (read) it?

3 He had downloaded a translation app before / until moved

he ........................... (move) to Spain. can prepare for this meeting effectively by using
4 Mary's spelling got worse as soon as/ as long as starts
she ........................... (start) using textspeak. holograms. In this way, your clients from ali over
S Whenever /Just as listened
he isn't busy, Dom ........ .................. (listen) to podcasts. the world will be a ble to see and interact with a
realistic 3D image of your product and give you
15 Choose the correct item.
feedback in real time. Holograms can also be
1 A will have been @ will be e is being

2 A by the time B justas e while

useful in education. For example, a guest
3 A will replace B will be replacing e will have replaced lecturer has cancelled his appearance because
4 A will be presenting B will have presented C present
of a transport strike. He
S A use B will use e are using
won´t have come
7) .................................... to your uni to give his
6 A will have B will have had e are having

7 A won't have come B isn't going to come C doesn't come lecture, but there can be a holographic image of
8 A is going to be B is e is being
him in the lecture theatre instead!
9 A does it become B will it become C is it becoming

10 A won't happen B won't have happened C isn't happening

These are just two of the many situations where
11 A will enter B enter C are entering holographic communication can prove useful.
Judging by the way people have been talking
about it, it looks like this technology
is going to be
8) .................................... hugely successful. But
will it become
when 9) .................................... available to the
wider public for everyday use? The people
working on holographic communication predict
won´t happened
that this 10) .................................... very soon.
There's still a lot of work to do before holograms
enter
11) .................................... everyone's home!
What do you expect the next step in
communication 1) will be ?
Maybe you've watched a science-fiction movie
with holograms. They are similar to video calls
16 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future form, as in the example.

1 Mr Smithers expects that the video conference wi/1 last (last) for over an hour.
while
but 2) .................................... you're talking, you
will take
2 Look at ali of these files! Your compute, ....................................................................... (take) a long time
can see a 3D image of the other person or an to download them.

object. Scientists think that holograms is be

3 1 broke my smartphone yesterday. 1 hope it ....................................................................... (be) easy to fix.
will replace
3) .................................... video calls by 2030. In will have
4 1 added a date to your diary. We ....................................................................... (have) a meeting on Friday to talk
about the new software.
fact, a private company is currently testing
i´ll send
5 Kate's running late; 1 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• (send) her a text message to see where she is.
holographic technology and has announced that will launch
6 This time next Monday, the company .............. ........................................................ (launch) its new app.
they 4) will be presenting
.................................... it to the public in will have finished
7 Lydia ....................................................................... (finish) her presentation by 2:00 pm.
the coming months. will be come
8 John ....................................................................... (come) over in a few minutes to install the video chat

Communications experts are sure that in the software.

will use
future, people 5) ....................................
holograms in different situations. Let's say you