Type 1

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

Position of one or more letter/object is fixed

1.(W13/qp61/q6(ii))

A shop has 7 different mountain bicycles, 5 different racing bicycles and 8 different ordinary
bicycles on display. A cycling club selects 6 of these 20 bicycles to buy. The cycling club buys 3
mountain bicycles, 1 racing bicycle and 2 ordinary bicycles and parks them in a cycle rack, which
has a row of 10 empty spaces.

(ii) How many different arrangements are there in the cycle rack if the mountain bicycles are all
together with no spaces between them, the ordinary bicycles are both together with no spaces
between them and the spaces are all together? [3]

2.(W13/qp62/q6(ii))

The 11 letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are arranged in a line.

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements which start and finish with the letter M. [2]

3.(W13/qp63/q6(i))

(i) Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word AGGREGATE can be arranged
in a line if the first letter is R. [2]

4.(W14/qp61/q7(iii))

A committee of 6 people is to be chosen from 5 men and 8 women. One particular committee
consists of 5 women and 1 man.

(iii) In how many different ways can the committee members be arranged in a line if the man is
not at either end? [3]

5.(S15/qp62/q6(i))

Find the number of different ways the 7 letters of the word BANANAS can be arranged
(i) if the first letter is N and the last letter is B. [3]
6.(S15/qp63/q7(ii & iii))

Rachel has 3 types of ornament. She has 6 different wooden animals, 4 different sea-shells and
3 different pottery ducks. Rachel displays 10 of the 13 ornaments in a row on her window-sill.
Find the number of different arrangements that are possible if

(ii) she has a duck at each end of the row and no ducks anywhere else, [3]

(iii) she has a duck at each end of the row and wooden animals and sea-shells are placed
alternately in the positions in between. [3]

7.(W15/qp61/q5[(ii)])

Find the number of ways in which all nine letters of the word TENNESSEE can be arranged

(ii) if the T is at one end and there is an S at the other end [3]

8.(S16/qp62/q7[a(ii)])

Find the number of different arrangements which can be made of all 10 letters of the word
WALLFLOWER if

(ii) there are exactly six letters between the two Ws. [4]

9.1(S16/qp63/q6(ii))

Find the number of ways all 9 letters of the word EVERGREEN can be arranged if

(ii) the first letter is R and the last letter is G. [2]

10.(S17/qp62/q6(i))

A library contains 4 identical copies of book A, 2 identical copies of book B and 5 identical
copies of book C. These 11 books are arranged on a shelf in the library.

(i) Calculate the number of different arrangements if the end books are either both book A or
both book B. [4]
11.(M19/qp62/q7(ii))

Find the number of different arrangements that can be made of all 9 letters in the word
CAMERAMAN in each of the following cases.

(i) There are no restrictions. [2]

(ii) The As occupy the 1st, 5th and 9th positions. [1]

12.(S19/qp61/q8(iv))

Freddie has 6 toy cars and 3 toy buses, all different. He chooses 4 toys to take on holiday with
him. Freddie arranges these 9 toys in a line.

Find the number of possible arrangements if there is a car at each end of the line and no buses
are next to each other. [3]

13.(S19/qp63/q3(i))

Mr and Mrs Keene and their 5 children all go to watch a football match, together with their
friends Mr and Mrs Uzuma and their 2 children. Find the number of ways in which all 11 people
can line up at the entrance in each of the following cases.

(i) Mr Keene stands at one end of the line and Mr Uzuma stands at the other end. [2]

14.(1W19/qp62/q7(iii))

Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 9 letters of the word
TOADSTOOL has a T at the beginning and a T at the end. [2]

15.(W19/qp63/q2(ii))

How many different arrangements are there of the 9 letters in the word CORRIDORS in which
the first letter is D and the last letter is R or O? [3]

16.(M20/qp52/q4(a))

Richard has 3 blue candles, 2 red candles and 6 green candles. The candles are identical apart
from their colours. He arranges the 11 candles in a line.

(a) Find the number of different arrangements of the 11 candles if there is a red candle at each
end. [2]
17.(S20/qp52/q6(a))

Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that there is an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]

18.(S20/qp53/q7(b))

Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL in which the
first letter is C, the fifth letter is T and the last letter is E. [2]

19.2(W20/qp51/q7(c))

Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 10 letters of the word
SHOPKEEPER has an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]

20.(W20/qp52/q6 c & d)

Mr and Mrs Ahmed with their two children, and Mr and Mrs Baker with their three children, are
visiting an activity centre together. They will divide into groups for some of the activities.

All 9 people stand in a line.

(c) Find the number of different arrangements in which Mr Ahmed is not standing next to Mr
Baker. [3]

(d) Find the number of different arrangements in which there is exactly one person between Mr
Ahmed and Mr Baker. [3]

21.(W20/qp53/q5(a))

The 8 letters in the word RESERVED are arranged in a random order.

(a) Find the probability that the arrangement has V as the first letter and E as the last letter. [3]

22.(S21/qp52/q6(b))

Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW that
have an R at the beginning and an R at the end, and in which the three Os are not all together.

[3]
23.(S21/qp53/q6(c))

How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which there are exactly three letters between the two Rs? [3]

24.(W21/qp51/q5(a))

Raman and Sanjay are members of a quiz team which has 9 members in total. Two photographs
of the quiz team are to be taken. For the first photograph, the 9 members will stand in a line.

(a) How many different arrangements of the 9 members are possible in which Raman will be at
the centre of the line? [1]

25.(W21/qp52/q4(b))

In how many different ways can the 9 letters of the word TELESCOPE be arranged so that there
are exactly two letters between the T and the C? [4]

26.(S22/qp52/q6(b))

Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CROCODILE in which
there is a C at each end and the two Os are not together. [3]

27.(S22/qp53/q7(b))

A group of 15 friends visit an adventure park. The group consists of four families.

• Mr and Mrs Kenny and their four children

• Mr and Mrs Lizo and their three children • Mrs Martin and her child

• Mr and Mrs Nantes

The group travel to the park in three cars, one containing 6 people, one containing 5 people and
one containing 4 people. The cars are driven by Mr Lizo, Mrs Martin and Mr Nantes respectively.
The group enter the park by walking through a gate one at a time.

(b) In how many different orders can the 15 friends go through the gate if Mr Lizo goes first and
each family stays together? [3]
Type 2

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

Two or more objects are together ✅

1.(W11/qp63/q4(i))

Mary saves her digital images on her computer in three separate folders named ‘Family’,
‘Holiday’ and ‘Friends’. Her family folder contains 3 images, her holiday folder contains 4 images
and her friends folder contains 8 images. All the images are different.

(i) Find in how many ways she can arrange these 15 images in a row across her computer screen
if she keeps the images from each folder together. [3]

2.(S12/qp61/q7[a(i & ii)])

Seven friends together with their respective partners all meet up for a meal. To commemorate
the occasion, they arrange for a photograph to be taken of all 14 of them standing in a line.

(i) How many different arrangements are there if each friend is standing next to his or her
partner? [3]

(ii) How many different arrangements are there if the 7 friends all stand together and the 7
partners all stand together? [2]

(S12/qp63/q3(i))

In how many ways can all 9 letters of the word TELEPHONE be arranged in a line if the letters P
and L must be at the ends? [2]

3.(W12/qp61/q7(a))

In a sweet shop 5 identical packets of toffees, 4 identical packets of fruit gums and 9 identical
packets of chocolates are arranged in a line on a shelf. Find the number of different
arrangements of the packets that are possible if the packets of chocolates are kept
together. [2]
4.(W12/qp62/q5[b(iii)])

The back row of a cinema has 12 seats, all of which are empty. A group of 8 people, including
Mary and Frances, sit in this row. Find the number of different ways they can sit in these 12 seats
if

(iii) all 8 people sit together with no empty seats between them. [3]

5.(S13/qp61/q6(i))

Four families go to a theme park together. Mr and Mrs Lin take their 2 children. Mr O’Connor
takes his 2 children. Mr and Mrs Ahmed take their 3 children. Mrs Burton takes her son. The 14
people all have to go through a turnstile one at a time to enter the theme park.

(i) In how many different orders can the 14 people go through the turnstile if each family stays
together? [3]

6.(S13/qp62/q6(ii))

A town council plans to plant 12 trees along the centre of a main road. The council buys the
trees from a garden centre which has 4 different hibiscus trees, 9 different jacaranda trees and 2
different oleander trees for sale.

The council buys 4 hibiscus trees, 6 jacaranda trees and 2 oleander trees.

(ii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if the hibiscus trees have to
be next to each other, the jacaranda trees have to be next to each other and the oleander trees
have to be next to each other? [3]

7.(S13/qp63/q7(ii))

There are 10 spaniels, 14 retrievers and 6 poodles at a dog show. 7 dogs are selected to go
through to the final. 2 spaniels, 2 retrievers and 3 poodles go through to the final. They are
placed in a line.

(ii) How many different arrangements of these 7 dogs are there if the spaniels stand together
and the retrievers stand together? [3]
8.(W13/qp61/q6(ii))

A shop has 7 different mountain bicycles, 5 different racing bicycles and 8 different ordinary
bicycles on display. A cycling club selects 6 of these 20 bicycles to buy.

The cycling club buys 3 mountain bicycles, 1 racing bicycle and 2 ordinary bicycles and parks
them in a cycle rack, which has a row of 10 empty spaces.

(ii) How many different arrangements are there in the cycle rack if the mountain bicycles are all
together with no spaces between them, the ordinary bicycles are both together with no spaces
between them and the spaces are all together? [3]

9.(W13/qp63/q6(ii))

Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word AGGREGATE can be arranged in
a line if the 3 letters G are together, both letters A are together and both letters E are
together. [2]

10.(S14/qp61/q6(i & ii))

Find the number of different ways in which all 8 letters of the word TANZANIA can be arranged
so that

(i) all the letters A are together, [2]

(ii) the first letter is a consonant (T, N, Z), the second letter is a vowel (A, I), the third letter is a
consonant, the fourth letter is a vowel, and so on alternately. [3]

11.(W14/qp62/q2(i))

Find the number of different ways that 6 boys and 4 girls can stand in a line if
(i) all 6 boys stand next to each other, [3]

12.(S15/qp62/q6(ii))

Find the number of different ways the 7 letters of the word BANANAS can be arranged

(ii) if all the letters A are next to each other. [3]

13.(W15/qp61/q5(i))

Find the number of ways in which all nine letters of the word TENNESSEE can be arranged
(i) if all the letters E are together. [3]

14.(W15/qp63/q5(a))

Find the number of different ways that the 13 letters of the word ACCOMMODATION can be
arranged in a line if all the vowels (A, I, O) are next to each other. [3]

15.(S16/qp63/q6(iii))

Find the number of ways all 9 letters of the word EVERGREEN can be arranged if

(iii) the Es are all together. [2]

16.(W16/qp62/q6(i))

Find the number of ways all 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN can be arranged so that

(i) the vowels (A, E, O) are together and the consonants (C, G, H, N, P) are together, [3]

17.(S17/qp62/q6(ii))

A library contains 4 identical copies of book A, 2 identical copies of book B and 5 identical
copies of book C. These 11 books are arranged on a shelf in the library.

Calculate the number of different arrangements if all the books A are next to each other and
none of the books B are next to each other. [5]

18.1(W18/qp61/q3(ii))

In an orchestra, there are 11 violinists, 5 cellists and 4 double bass players. A small group of 6
musicians is to be selected from these 20.

The small group that is selected contains 4 violinists, 1 cellist and 1 double bass player. They sit
in a line to perform a concert.

(ii) How many different arrangements are there of these 6 musicians if the violinists must sit
together? [3]
19.(W18/qp62/q4(i))

Find the number of different ways that 5 boys and 6 girls can stand in a row if all the boys stand
together and all the girls stand together. [3]

20.(S19/qp61/q8(iii))

Freddie has 6 toy cars and 3 toy buses, all different. He chooses 4 toys to take on holiday with
him. Freddie arranges these 9 toys in a line.

(iii) Find the number of possible arrangements if the buses are all next to each other. [3]

21.(S19/qp63/q3(i))

Mr and Mrs Keene and their 5 children all go to watch a football match, together with their
friends Mr and Mrs Uzuma and their 2 children. Find the number of ways in which all 11 people
can line up at the entrance in each of the following cases.

(i) Mr Keene stands at one end of the line and Mr Uzuma stands at the other end. [2]

22.(W19/qp61/q6(i))

Find the number of different ways in which all 12 letters of the word STEEPLECHASE can be
arranged so that all four Es are together. [1]

23.(W19/qp62/q7(i))

Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL can be
arranged so that all three Os are together and both Ts are together. [1]

24.(M20/qp52/q4(b))

Richard has 3 blue candles, 2 red candles and 6 green candles. The candles are identical apart
from their colours. He arranges the 11 candles in a line.

Find the number of different arrangements of the 11 candles if all the blue candles are together
and the red candles are not together. [4]
25.(S20/qp51/q2(a))

Find the number of different arrangements that can be made from the 9 letters of the word
JEWELLERY in which the three Es are together and the two Ls are together. [2]

26.2(W20/qp51/q7(a))

Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that all 3 Es are together. [2]

27.(S21/qp51/q3(b))

How many different arrangements are there of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED in which the
letters LED appear together in that order? [3]

28.(S21/qp53/q6(b))

How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which the two Rs are together, and the three Es are together? [1]

29.(S22/qp51/q1(a))

Find the number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word DECEIVED in which all
three Es are together and the two Ds are together. [2]
30.(S22/qp53/q7(b))

A group of 15 friends visit an adventure park. The group consists of four families.

• Mr and Mrs Kenny and their four children

• Mr and Mrs Lizo and their three children

• Mrs Martin and her child

• Mr and Mrs Nantes

The group travel to the park in three cars, one containing 6 people, one containing 5 people and
one containing 4 people. The cars are driven by Mr Lizo, Mrs Martin and Mr Nantes respectively.

The group enter the park by walking through a gate one at a time.

(b) In how many different orders can the 15 friends go through the gate if Mr Lizo goes first and
each family stays together? [3]
Type 3

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

Two objects are not together ✅

1.(W10/qp62/q7)

A committee of 6 people, which must contain at least 4 men and at least 1 woman, is to be
chosen from 10 men and 9 women.

(i) Find the number of possible committees that can be chosen. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that one particular man, Albert, and one particular woman, Tracey, are
both on the committee. [2]

(iii) Find the number of possible committees that include either Albert or Tracey but not both.
[3]

(iv) The committee that is chosen consists of 4 men and 2 women. They queue up randomly in
a line for refreshments. Find the probability that the women are not next to each other in the
queue. [3]

2.(S11/qp63/q2(ii))

Fahad has 4 different coloured pairs of shoes (white, red, blue and black), 3 different colored
pairs of jeans (blue, black and brown) and 7 different coloured tee shirts (red, orange, yellow,
blue, green, white and purple).

(ii) How many different ways can Fahad arrange his 3 jeans and 7 tee shirts in a row if the two
blue items are not next to each other? [2]

3.(W12/qp62/q5[b(ii)])

The back row of a cinema has 12 seats, all of which are empty. A group of 8 people, including
Mary and Frances, sit in this row. Find the number of different ways they can sit in these 12
seats if

(ii) Mary and Frances do not sit in seats which are next to each other [3]
4.(W16/qp62/q6(ii))

Find the number of ways all 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN can be arranged so that

(ii) the Es are not next to each other. [4]

5.6(W18/qp63/q1)

A group consists of 5 men and 2 women. Find the number of different ways that the group can
stand in a line if the women are not next to each other. [3]

6.(W19/qp61/q6(i))

(i) Find the number of different ways in which all 12 letters of the word STEEPLECHASE can be
arranged so that all four Es are together. [1]

7.W19/qp62/q7(ii))

Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL can be
arranged so that the Ts are not together. [4]

8.(M20/qp52/q4(b))

Richard has 3 blue candles, 2 red candles and 6 green candles. The candles are identical apart
from their colours. He arranges the 11 candles in a line.

(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 11 candles if all the blue candles are
together and the red candles are not together. [4]

9.(S20/qp51/q2(b))

(b) Find the number of different arrangements that can be made from the 9 letters of the word
JEWELLERY in which the two Ls are not next to each other. [4]

10.(S20/qp52/q6(b))

Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that the Es are not together. [4]

11.(S20/qp53/q7(c))

Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL
does not have the two Es together. [4]
12.(W20/qp51/q7(b))

Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that the Ps are not next to each other. [4]

13.(S21/qp51/q3(c))

An arrangement of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED is chosen at random.

Find the probability that the letters A and D are not together. [4]

14.(W21/qp51/q5(b))

Raman and Sanjay are members of a quiz team which has 9 members in total. Two
photographs of the quiz team are to be taken. For the first photograph, the 9 members will stand
in a line.

(b) How many different arrangements of the 9 members are possible in which Raman and
Sanjay are not next to each other? [3]
Type 4

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

Not all are together ✅

1.2(S11/qp62/q4(ii))

The 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS are arranged in random order in a line. Find the
probability that the 3 vowels (A, E, I) are not all next to each other. [4]

2.(W13/qp62/q6(iii))

The 11 letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are arranged in a line.

(iii) Find the number of different arrangements which do not have all 4 vowels (E, E, A, E) next
to each other. [3]

3.(W20/qp53/q5(b))

The 8 letters in the word RESERVED are arranged in a random order.

(b) Find the probability that the arrangement has both Rs together given that all three Es are
together. [4]

4.(S21/qp52/q6(b))

Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW that
have an R at the beginning and an R at the end, and in which the three Os are not all
together. [3]

5.(S22/qp51/q1(b))

Find the number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word DECEIVED in which the
three Es are not all together. [4]
Type 5

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

No two are together ✅

1.(S13/qp61/q6(ii))

Four families go to a theme park together. Mr and Mrs Lin take their 2 children. Mr O’Connor
takes his 2 children. Mr and Mrs Ahmed take their 3 children. Mrs Burton takes her son. The 14
people all have to go through a turnstile one at a time to enter the theme park.

(ii) In how many different orders can the 8 children and 6 adults go through the turnstile if no two
adults go consecutively? [3]

2.(S13/qp62/q6(iii))

A town council plans to plant 12 trees along the centre of a main road. The council buys the
trees from a garden centre which has 4 different hibiscus trees, 9 different jacaranda trees and
2 different oleander trees for sale.

The council buys 4 hibiscus trees, 6 jacaranda trees and 2 oleander trees.

(iii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if no hibiscus tree is next
to another hibiscus tree? [3]

3.(S13/qp63/q7(iii))

There are 10 spaniels, 14 retrievers and 6 poodles at a dog show. 7 dogs are selected to go
through to the final. 2 spaniels, 2 retrievers and 3 poodles go through to the final. They are
placed in a line.

(iii) How many different arrangements of these 7 dogs are there if no poodle is next to another
poodle? [3]

4.(W14/qp62/q2(ii))

Find the number of different ways that 6 boys and 4 girls can stand in a line if

(ii) no girl stands next to another girl. [3]

5.(W16/qp61/q5(a))

Find the number of different ways of arranging all nine letters of the word PINEAPPLE if no
vowel (A, E, I) is next to another vowel. [4]

6.(S17/qp61/q7(a))

Eight children of different ages stand in a random order in a line. Find the number of different
ways this can be done if none of the three youngest children stand next to each other. [3]

7.(S17/qp62/q6(ii))

A library contains 4 identical copies of book A, 2 identical copies of book B and 5 identical
copies of book C. These 11 books are arranged on a shelf in the library.

Calculate the number of different arrangements if all the books A are next to each other and
none of the books B are next to each other. [5]

8.(W18/qp62/q4(i))

Find the number of different ways that 5 boys and 6 girls can stand in a row if no boy stands
next to another boy. [3]

9.(S19/qp61/q8(iv))

Freddie has 6 toy cars and 3 toy buses, all different. He chooses 4 toys to take on holiday with
him.

Find the number of possible arrangements if there is a car at each end of the line and no buses
are next to each other. [3]
Type 6

Permutations (Applied to letters/people/objects)

Arrangement in different rows/columns

1.(W02/qp6/q4)

In a certain hotel, the lock on the door to each room can be opened by inserting a key card. The
key card can be inserted only one way round. The card has a pattern of holes punched in it. The
card has 4 columns, and each column can have either 1 hole, 2 holes, 3 holes or 4 holes
punched in it. Each column has 8 different positions for the holes. The diagram illustrates one
particular key card with 3 holes punched in the first column, 3 in the second, 1 in the third and 2
in the fourth.

(i) Show that the number of different ways in which a column could have exactly 2 holes
is 28. [1]

(ii) Find how many different patterns of holes can be punched in a column. [4]

(iii) How many different possible key cards are there? [2]
2.(S06/qp6/q4(i & ii))

The diagram shows the seating plan for passengers in a minibus, which has 17 seats arranged
in 4 rows. The back row has 5 seats and the other 3 rows have 2 seats on each side. 11
passengers get on the minibus.

(i) How many possible seating arrangements are there for the 11 passengers? [2]

(ii) How many possible seating arrangements are there if 5 particular people sit in the back
row? [3]

3.(W08/qp6/q4(i & ii))

A builder is planning to build 12 houses along one side of a road. He will build 2 houses in style
A, 2 houses in style B, 3 houses in style C, 4 houses in style D and 1 house in style E.

(i) Find the number of possible arrangements of these 12 houses. [2]

(ii) First group Second group Road The 12 houses will be in two groups of 6 (see diagram). Find
the number of possible arrangements if all the houses in styles A and D are in the first group
and all the houses in styles B, C and E are in the second group. [3]
4.(W15/qp62/q4)

A group of 8 friends travels to the airport in two taxis, P and Q. Each taxi can take 4
passengers.

(i) The 8 friends divide themselves into two groups of 4, one group for taxi P and one group for
taxi Q, with Jon and Sarah travelling in the same taxi. Find the number of different ways in
which this can be done. [3]

Each taxi can take 1 passenger in the front and 3 passengers in the back (see diagram). Mark
sits in the front of taxi P and Jon and Sarah sit in the back of taxi P next to each other.

(ii) Find the number of different seating arrangements that are now possible for the 8 friends. [4]

5.(W17/qp61/q6(a))

(a) A village hall has seats for 40 people, consisting of 8 rows with 5 seats in each row. Mary,
Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John are the first to arrive in the village hall and no seats are taken
before they arrive.

(i) How many possible arrangements are there of seating Mary, Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John
assuming there are no restrictions? [2]

(ii) How many possible arrangements are there of seating Mary, Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John
if Mary and Ahmad sit together in the front row and the other three sit together in one of the
other rows? [4]
Type 7

Permutations (Applied to Numbers)

1. (S14/qp62/q5)

Find how many different numbers can be made from some or all of the digits of the
number 1 345 789 if
(i) all seven digits are used, the odd digits are all together and no digits
are repeated, [2]
(ii) the numbers made are even numbers between 3000 and 5000, and no
digits are repeated, [3]
(iii) the numbers made are multiples of 5 which are less than 1000, and digits
can be repeated. [3]

2. (S14/qp63/q7)

Nine cards are numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6.

(i) All nine cards are placed in a line, making a 9-digit number. Find how many different
9-digit numbers can be made in this way
(a) if the even digits are all together, [4]
(b) if the first and last digits are both odd. [3]

(ii) Three of the nine cards are chosen and placed in a line, making a 3-digit number.
Find how many different numbers can be made in this way
(a) if there are no repeated digits, [2]
(b) if the number is between 200 and 300. [2]
 3. (W14/qp63/q6(a))

Seven fair dice each with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are thrown and placed in a line.
Find the number of possible arrangements where the sum of the numbers at each end
of the line add up to 4. [3]

4. (S15/qp61/q7(a))

Find how many different numbers can be made by arranging all nine digits of the
number 223 677 888 if
(i) there are no restrictions, [2]
(ii) the number made is an even number. [4]

5. (W16/qp63/q3)

Numbers are formed using some or all of the digits 4, 5, 6, 7 with no digit being used
more than once.
(i) Show that, using exactly 3 of the digits, there are 12 different odd numbers that can
be formed. [3]
(ii) Find how many odd numbers altogether can be formed. [3]

6. (S17/qp63/q6(a))

Find how many numbers between 3000 and 5000 can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3,
4 and 5,

(i) if digits are not repeated, [2]

(ii) if digits can be repeated and the number formed is odd. [3]
 7. (W17/qp62/q6(a))

Find the number of different 3-digit numbers greater than 300 that can be made from
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 if
(i) no digit can be repeated, [3]
(ii) a digit can be repeated and the number made is even. [3]

8. (S19/qp62/q7(b))

Find the number of different 7-digit numbers which can be formed from the seven digits
2, 2, 3, 7, 7, 7, 8 in each of the following cases.
(i) The odd digits are together, and the even digits are together. [3]
(ii) The 2s are not together. [4]

9. (W21/qp53/q5 )

A security code consists of 2 letters followed by a 4-digit number. The letters are chosen
from {A, B, C, D, E} and the digits are chosen from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. No letter or digit
may appear more than once. An example of a code is BE3216.
(a) How many different codes can be formed? [2]
(b) Find the number of different codes that include the letter A or the digit 5 or
both. [3]

A security code is formed at random.

(c) Find the probability that the code is DE followed by a number between 4500 and
5000. [3]