Evaluate the performance MIMO-OFDM of diversity

THE HASHEMITE UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering
Advanced Wireless Communications
Instructor name: Dr. Jamil Bataineh
:Student name: ID Number
Mohammad Jadallah 2034181 (1
Khaled Almaaytah 2036093 (2
Mohammad Zaher 2036083 )3

Performance Evaluation of MIMO-OFDM with Diversity"
"Techniques in Wireless Communications
INTRODUCTION
The communication system bandwidth demand is become higher and

higher. In order to transmit data with high speed, the wireless
communication having a high spectral efficiency does not directly lead to
overcoming the fading. Fading may lead to the reduction of spectral
efficiency. It is very difficult to match these requests for the traditional
modulation technique, but the MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)-
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). System combines
.the OFDM and MIMO technologies to meet these requirements
MIMO uses multiple antennas at the same time in the transmitter and
receiver, and it can increase the transmission rates by using the random
fading and multi-path propagation. Key technology is space-time &
space-frequency signal processing. The MIMO technology is a very
,effective method of increasing the capacity of the channel and system
The receiver with multi-antenna can separate and decode data stream
by using advanced space-time coding, and get the best processing result.
In particular, because the number of transmit antenna divides the main
stream in sub-streams that are sent to the channel at the same time or
frequency and each transmitted signal occupies the same frequency
band, the bandwidth is not increased. If the channels are independent,
the MIMO system can be seen as consisting of parallel space channels. It
can increase the data rate by using these channels to transmit
.information independently
OFDM uses three transmission principles; multirate, multisymbol, and
multicarrier. It also allows the bandwidth of subcarriers to overlap
without ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference) as long as the modulated carriers
are orthogonal. The adequate spacing provides the orthogonality of the
subcarriers. This technique prevents the demodulator from detecting
.frequencies other than the specified one
Diversity in communications systems refers to the use of multiple

techniques to improve performance and reduce the impact of fading and
interference on wireless channels. The goal of diversity is to increase the
reliability of communications by providing multiple paths through which
speckles can be removed. This is to reduce the damage caused by
system failure, especially in environments with fading and multipath
.propagation problems
:Types of diversity
Time diversity: It depends on sending the same signal at different .1

.times, which helps overcome the effect of intermittent fading
Frequency diversity: It depends on sending the signal on different .2

frequency ranges to ensure that some frequencies arrive without
.interference or fading
Space diversity: It depends on using multiple antennas in different .3

locations to receive the signal, and the idea is that the fading that occurs
in a certain location may not occur in another location, which allows for
.better reception of the signal
Polarization diversity: It depends on using antennas with different .4

polarizations (horizontal and vertical) to receive the signal, which helps
.overcome the problems of fading due to changing the polarization angle
MIMO techniques are widely used, which rely heavily on space diversity.
By deploying multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, the
system is able to increase data transfer rates and mitigate the effects of
random fading and multipath signal propagation. Spatial diversity within
MIMO technology effectively takes advantage of multipath propagation
by processing signals received from multiple antennas, allowing for
.improved communication quality
By using advanced techniques such as time-space coding or frequency-

space coding, the system performance can be significantly improved,
resulting in increased channel capacity. The multi-antenna receiver
separates and processes the incoming signals independently, improving
the overall signal quality and reducing the effects of interference and
fading. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of the system, but
also ensures more reliable data transmission in challenging wireless
.environments
In modern communication systems, achieving high data transmission

rates and maintaining reliable connections are crucial, especially with
the increasing demand for bandwidth. MIMO-OFDM technology
.addresses these challenges by combining MIMO techniques with OFDM
This approach leverages advanced concepts such as signal-to-noise

ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), efficiency, and coding schemes to
.optimize system performance
By incorporating space diversity and utilizing techniques like space-time

block coding, MIMO-OFDM systems can effectively enhance data
transmission quality and reduce the impact of fading and interference.
Below, we will discuss each of these aspects in detail and their role in
.improving MIMO-OFDM performance
SNR
The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of how clear the

transmitted signal is compared to the background noise. Higher SNR
values indicate better signal quality, which is essential for reliable data
transmission. In MIMO-OFDM, SNR is improved by employing multiple
antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Space diversity techniques
enable the system to combine signals from different paths, mitigating
.the effects of fading and increasing the overall signal quality
BER
Bit Error Rate (BER) represents the number of errors in the received data
relative to the total number of transmitted bits. A lower BER means
fewer errors and higher communication accuracy. MIMO-OFDM systems
use coding techniques like space-time block coding (STBC) to reduce
BER. STBC sends multiple versions of the data over different antennas,
allowing the receiver to detect and correct errors caused by noise or
.fading, thus improving the reliability of the communication
Efficiency
Efficiency in MIMO-OFDM systems refers to the ability to transmit data

quickly and with minimal power consumption. By using multiple
channels for parallel data transmission, MIMO-OFDM maximizes the use
of available bandwidth. Space diversity also plays a role in enhancing
efficiency, as it allows for better signal reception from multiple antennas,
.thus reducing the need for retransmissions and saving energy
Coding
Coding techniques, such as space-time block coding (STBC), are

employed in MIMO-OFDM to increase communication reliability. STBC
involves transmitting the same data across different antennas and at
different times, which helps in combating signal degradation due to
fading. By providing multiple copies of the data, the receiver can
reconstruct the original signal even if some paths are affected by
.interference or fading
Modulation Scheme
In MIMO-OFDM, modulation schemes are used to map the data onto

different frequency subcarriers. These schemes enable the system to
transmit data over multiple frequencies simultaneously, enhancing data
throughput. When combined with MIMO techniques, modulation
schemes help in optimizing the transmission by adjusting the data rate
according to channel conditions, thus maintaining a balance between
.performance and reliability
Summary
The integration of SNR improvement, BER reduction, efficient data

transmission, coding techniques, and appropriate modulation schemes
in MIMO-OFDM creates a robust communication system. These
elements work together to address common wireless communication
challenges such as fading and interference, ensuring high-speed,
.reliable, and energy-efficient data transfer

Evaluate the performance MIMO-OFDM of diversity

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THE HASHEMITE UNIVERSITY

Advanced Wireless Communications

Instructor name: Dr. Jamil Bataineh

:Student name: ID Number

Mohammad Jadallah 2034181 (1

Khaled Almaaytah 2036093 (2

Mohammad Zaher 2036083 )3

The communication system bandwidth demand is become higher and

Diversity in communications systems refers to the use of multiple

Time diversity: It depends on sending the same signal at different .1

Frequency diversity: It depends on sending the signal on different .2

Space diversity: It depends on using multiple antennas in different .3

Polarization diversity: It depends on using antennas with different .4

By using advanced techniques such as time-space coding or frequency-

In modern communication systems, achieving high data transmission

This approach leverages advanced concepts such as signal-to-noise

By incorporating space diversity and utilizing techniques like space-time

The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of how clear the

Efficiency in MIMO-OFDM systems refers to the ability to transmit data

Coding techniques, such as space-time block coding (STBC), are

In MIMO-OFDM, modulation schemes are used to map the data onto

The integration of SNR improvement, BER reduction, efficient data

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