MEGAREVIEW

MEGAREVIEW
and TUTORIAL CENTER
PREBOARD EXAMINATION 1 September 17, 2023 (8:00AM-1:00PM)
PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (SET A)

INSTRUCTION: Select the best answer to each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item
by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO
ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 2 only

SITUATION. A simply supported beam has a span of 12 m. The beam carries a total uniformly distributed load
of 21.5 k/m.

1. To prevent excessive deflection, a support is added at midspan. Calculate the resulting moment (kN-m)
at the added support.
A. 64.5 B. 96.8 C. 258.0 D. 86.0

2. Calculate the resulting maximum positive moment (kN-m) when a support is added at midspan.
A. 96.75 B. 54.42 C. 108.84 D. 77.40

3. Calculate the reaction (kN) at the added support.

A. 48.38 B. 96.75 C. 161.25 D. 80.62

SITUATION. A wooden log is to be used as a foot bridge to span a 2.5 m gap. The log is to support a
concentrated load of 30 kN.
Allowable shear stress = 1.3 MPa
Allowable bending stress = 7.2 MPa
4. Determine the minimum diameter of the log for a maximum shear.
A. 175 mm B. 140 mm C. 200 mm D. 210 mm

5. Determine the minimum diameter of the log needed so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded.
A. 300 mm B. 280 mm C. 250 mm D. 320 mm

6. A 180 mm wide rectangular log is to be used instead of the circular log. What is the required minimum
depth of the log so as not to exceed the allowable bending stress?
A. 320 mm B. 250 mm C. 275 mm D. 295 mm

SITUATION. SITUATION. The design of a cantilever beam, 3 m long, yields the following:
Width, b = 300 mm
Height, h = 400 mm
As = 4 of 20 mm diameter bars
As’ = 2 of 20 mm diameter bars
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel yield strength, fy = 414 MPa
Effective cover to the Centroid of As = 70 mm
Strength Reduction factor for Moment = 0.90

7. Determine the depth (mm) of compression block.

A. 82.76 B. 72.86 C. 85.72 D. 75.82

8. Determine the ultimate moment (kN-m) capacity of the beam.

A. 152.73 B. 134.45 C. 135.14 D. 137.46

9. Determine the maximum ultimate load (kN/m), including its own weight, that the beam can be subjected
to.
A. 122.19 B. 33.94 C. 30.55 D. 133.94

SITUATION. A 100 mm thick one-way slab has the following properties:

Concrete compressive strength, fc'= 21 MPa
Steel yield strength, fy= 276 MPa
Clear cover to slab reinforcement- 20 mm
Slab reinforcement= 12 mmΦ
10. What is the ultimate moment capacity in kN-m if the spacing at the support is 100 mm.
A. 18.33 B. 20.37 C. 20.02 D. 22.24

11. What is the nominal moment capacity in kN-m if the spacing at the midspan is 150 mm.
A. 12.77 B.14.19 C. 15.06 D. 16.73

12. What is the maximum spacing of the secondary reinforcement as prescribed by the design code?
A. 300 mm B. 450 mm C. 500 mm D. 250 mm
SITUATION. Refer to figure PSAD-001 shown.
Given: P = 40 kN
R = 3.2 m
Angle  = 30 degrees
Line AB is along the horizontal axis.

FIG. PSAD-001

13. Find the maximum shear (kN).

A. 60 B. 40 C. 30 D. 20

14. Find the maximum bending moment (kN-m) at C.

A. 7.30 B. 64 C. 27.2 D. 110.8

15. Find the maximum twisting moment (kN-m) at C.

A. 64.0 B. 17.2 C. 73.9 D. 110.8

SITUATION. Identify the degree of indeterminacy of the following structures.

16.

A. determinate B. 1st degree c. 2nd degree D. 3rd degree

17.

A. determinate B. 1st degree C. 2nd degree D. 3rd degree

18.

A. determinate B. 1st degree C. 2nd degree D. 3rd degree

SITUATION. A W470 mm x 105 kg/m beam of 12 mm web thickness is spliced near the support using two 15 mm
thick connector plate welded to part B and bolted using 20 mm diameter A325 bolts to part A. refer to
figure SD-001
Dimensions are:
S1 = 40 mm S3 = 80 mm
S2 = 40 mm S4 = 100 mm
S5 = 40 mm

Steel strength and allowable stresses are as follows:

Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa

Bolt shear stress, Fv = 120 MPa

The load P, acts an eccentricity e = 180 mm from the centroid of the bolt group.

FIG. SD-001

19. Calculate the shear load (kN) on the critical bolt at section A of the splice if P = 200 kN.
A. 30 B. 25 C. 35 D. 20

20. Calculate the torsional load (kN) on the critical bolt at section A if P = 200 kN.
A. 52.72 B. 21.43 C. 51.43 D. 69.29

21. Calculate the minimum required bolt diameter (mm) without exceeding the allowable bolt shear stress
if P = 200 kN.
A. 19 B. 25 C. 28 D. 20

SITUATION. A Fink roof truss is used for a residential building and loaded as shown:

FIG. PSAD-005

22. Find the force of member DE if H1 = 0, H2 = 0, H3 = 0 and P = 105 kN.

A. 0 B. 157.5 kN C. 166.02 kN D. 52.5 kN

23. Find the force of member DE if H1 = 16 kN, H2 = 27 kN, H3 = 11 kN and P = 0.

A. 38.74 Kn B. 21.66 kN C. 12.91 kN D. 38.32 kN

24. Find the force of member DE if H1 = 16 kN, H2 = 27 kN, H3 = 11 kN and P = 105 kN.
A. 195.82 Kn B. 196.24 kN C. 179.16 kN D. 170.41 kN
SITUATION. The design of a continuous beam in the FIG. RCD-001 shown yields the following:
h1 = 110 mm
h2 = 490 mm
b = 375 mm
As′ = 3 − 25 mm
As = 6 − 25 mm
a = 50 mm
Concrete compressive strength: fc’ = 34 MPa
Longitudinal steel yield strength: fyl = 415 MPa
Lateral ties yield strength: fyv = 275 MPa
Use concrete clear cover of 40mm

FIG. RCD-001

25. Calculate the shear strength provided by the concrete.

A. 193.61 kN B. 190.51 kN C. 199.80 kN D. 180.81 kN

26. Determine the actual spacing of shear reinforcement if the beam is to carry a factored shear force 𝑉𝑢 =
300𝑘𝑁.
A. 107.40 mm B. 109.01 mm C. 102.64 mm D. 112.40 mm

27. Using the NSCP code provision, calculate the maximum spacing of shear reinforcement for factored
shear force 𝑉𝑢 = 300𝑘𝑁.
A. 300 mm B. 256 mm C. 268 mm D. 260 mm

SITUATION. A steel column is fixed at the bottom and hinged at the top and there is no sidesway. The
concentric load that will cause initial buckling of the column within the proportional limit is the Euler’s
Buckling Load, Pe.

𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿)2
The buckling stress, fe.
𝜋 2𝐸
𝑓𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿/𝑟)2
The slenderness ratio = 𝐿/𝑟
The effective length factor, K = 0.80

Given:
Column Properties
A = 9500 mm2
Ix = 124.12 x 106 mm4
Iy = 41.11 x 106 mm4
d = 250 mm
Es = 200,000 MPa
Column height = 8.5 m

28. Determine the axial load (kN) that will cause initial buckling.
A. 2292 B. 6921 C. 5299 D. 1755

29. Determine the buckling stress (MPa).

A. 242 B. 729 C. 558 D. 185

30. Using the table, determine the allowable compressive load (kN) in the column.
A. 825.17 B. 822.04 C. 1145.14 D. 927.12
SITUATION.
A reinforced concrete cantilever beam in the FIG. RCD-002 spanning 4m carries the following loads
Dead load = 4 kN/m
Live load = 12kN/m

Factored load Pu (kN) 1.50 m from the center line of the beam.
Width of beam, b = 250 mm
Height of beam, h = 400 mm
Longitudinal bars = 28 mm
Transverse reinforcement = 10 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Longitudinal Steel yield Strength, fyl = 413 MPa
Lateral Ries Yield Strength, fyv = 275 MPa

FIG. RCD-002

31. Determine the shear strength provided (kN) by the concrete.

A. 82.95 kN B. 75.56 kN C.94.25 kN D. 64.74 kN

32. If Pu = 10 kN, determine the spacing due to shear alone.

A. 168 mm B. 600 mm C. 263 mm D. 210 mm

33. Determine the maximum value of Pu so that the effect of torsion can be neglected.
A. 1.70 kN B. 0.80 kN C. 1.25 kN D. 1.20 kN

Torsional Effect can be neglected if 𝑻𝒖 is less than the threshold torsion.

2
∅√𝑓𝑐 ′(𝐴𝑐𝑝 )
𝑇𝑢 ≤ 0.083
𝑃𝑐𝑝

Adequacy of the section:

𝑉𝑢 2 𝑇𝑢 𝑃ℎ 2 𝑉𝑐
√[( ) +( ) ] ≤ ∅[ + 0.66√𝑓𝑐 ′]
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1.7(𝐴𝑜ℎ )2 𝑏𝑤 𝑑

Minimum area of stirrups for shear and torsion:

0.062√𝑓𝑐 ′𝑏𝑤 𝑠
(𝐴𝑣 + 2𝐴𝑡 )𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦𝑡
0.35𝑏𝑤 𝑠
(𝐴𝑣 + 2𝐴𝑡 )𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦𝑡

Area of longitudinal steel required for torsion:

𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑣
𝐴𝑙 = 𝑃ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃
𝑠 𝑓𝑦

Minimum area of longitudinal steel required for torsion:

√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.42 (𝐴𝑐𝑝 ) − ( 𝑡) 𝑃ℎ
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑠 𝑓𝑦
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 0.175𝑏𝑤 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.42 (𝐴𝑐𝑝 ) − ( ) 𝑃ℎ
𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑓𝑦

Spacing of torsion reinforcement

𝑃
𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ℎ 𝑜𝑟 300𝑚𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟
8
SITUATION. The beam shown in FIG. RCD-003 is subjected to Vu = 300 kN and Tu = 30 kN-m The design of a beam
yields the following:
h1 = 100 mm h2 = 450 mm
b = 350 mm
As’= 3 - 25 mm diameter bars
As = 5 - 25 mm diameter bars
Concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 34 MPa
Longitudinal steel yield strength, fyl = 413 MPa
Lateral ties yield strength, fyv = 275 MPa
Effective cover to the centroid of steel = 70 mm
Shear strength reduction factor= 0.75

FIG. RCD-003

34. Determine the spacing (mm) of 12 mm diameter ties from shear only.
A. 127 B. 191 C. 151 D. 101

35. Determine the spacing (mm) of 12 mm diameter ties from combined shear and torsion. Use 40 mm cover to
ties.
A. 86 B. 70 C. 129 D. 57

36. Determine the longitudinal reinforcement (mm2) to resist torsion, Tu.

A. 1678 B. 691 C. 1024 D. 1502

SITUATION. A T-shaped simply supported beam has the cross-section shown in FIG. PCD-001. It has a span of
11m and is loaded with a gravity live-load intensity wL=36.5kN/m. The beam is pre-tensioned with twelve
12.7mm diameter seven-wire stress-relieved strands located at 244mm from the neutral axis causing a
final prestressing force of 500kN.
Section Properties:
A=315,000 mm2
INA = 14,476.34 x 106 mm4
y
̅ =310.714mm
Unit weight of concrete=23.54kN/m3

37. Compute the stress at the bottom due to prestress.

A. 4.21MPa B. 1.03MPa C. 1.59MPa D. 2.62MPa

38. Compute the maximum concrete fiber stress at the top at service loads.
A. 14.26MPa B. 18.47MPa C. 10.05MPa D. 11.64MPa

39. Compute the maximum concrete fiber stress at the bottom at service loads.
A. 20.15MPa B. 15.95MPa C. 24.37MPa D. 19.13MPa

SITUATION. The decorative concrete beam shown in FIG. PCD-002 is simply supported on span of 6m
Given: b1 = 350 mm d = 150 mm
b2 = 250 mm h = 600 mm

FIG. PCD-002

Concrete properties:
Compressive strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Tensile strength, ft = 2.8 MPa
Unite weight of concrete = 23.5 kN/m^3

40. What is the bending moment (kN.m.) that will cause the beam to crack?
A. 36.95 B. 46.77 C. 52.91 D. 65.94

41. Determine the bending stress (MPa) in the extreme fiber in compression due to cracking moment.
A. 2.15 B. 1.85 C. 2.48 D. 3.45

42. In addition to its own weight, what uniformly distributed load can the beam safely carry before it
cracks?
A. 6.58 kN/m B. 10.4kN/m C. 16.59 kN/m D. 4.32 kN/m

SITUATION. The truss shown is to be subjected to the following loadings:

Moving concentrated live load = 40 kN
Uniform highway live load = 12.7 kN/m
Uniform dead load = 10 kN/m

The ordinates for the influence line of the force acting on member CH are also given as follows: 0, -0.417,
0.833, 0.417, 0. Given that H = 3 m and S = 4 m,
43. Determine the length of span where the uniform highway live load be placed to obtain maximum tensile
force in member CH.
A. 8.67 B. 5.33 C. 7.33 D. 10.67

44. Determine the maximum tensile force in member CH.

A. 134.22 B. 89.78 C. 123.11 D. 109.00

45. If the cross-sectional area of the member CH is 1200 mm2, determine the maximum tensile stress in
member CH.
A. 111.85 B. 102.59 C. 90.83 D. 74.82

SITUATION. A load of W = 30 kN is lifted through a boom BCD as shown in the FIG. PSAD-006. The boom makes
an angle of 60° with the vertical. Neglect the weight of the boom and for this problem, L 1 = L2 = 2m. The
pulley at D is frictionless.

FIG. PSAD-006
46. Determine the angle α.
A. 40O B. 35O C. 30O D. 45O

47. What is the tension in cable AC in kN?

A. 51.96 B. 25.36 C. 34.89 D. 43.21

48. What is the total reaction at B in kN?

A. 54.77 B. 43.21 C. 17.32 D. 51.96

SITUATION. A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.

Given:
Footing dimensions = 2.5 m wide x 4 m long and 750 mm deep
Column dimension = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Concrete fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of steel reinforcement = 100 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of soil = 17 kN/m3

Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:

For beam action, the allowable shear stress = 0.88 MPa
For two-way section, the allowable shear stress = 1.76 MPa

49. Determine the concentrated load (kN) that the footing can carry based on beam action. Apply effective
soil pressure only.
A. 4321 B. 3813 C. 4294 D. 3241

50. Calculate the concentrated load (kN) that the footing can carry based on two-way action. Apply
effective soil pressure only.
A. 2433 B. 4867 C. 4294 D. 2147

51. If the allowable soil pressure at service loads is 192 kPa, calculate the column axial load (unfactored)
in kN that the footing can carry if depth of earth fill is 2 m above the footing.
A. 1424 B. 1920 C. 1400 D. 1527
SITUATION. A hollow cast-iron pole has an outside diameter of 450 mm and an inside diameter of 350 mm. It
is subjected to a compressive force of 1200 kN throughout its length of 1.2 m. The pole is braced to prevent
bending and buckling. Use E = 100 GPa.

52. What is the resulting stress (MPa) due to the compression force?
A. 21.83 B. 7.55 C. 12.47 D. 19.10

53. What is the total contraction (mm) of the member due to the compressive force?
A. 0.091 B. 0.150 C. 0.262 D. 0.229

54. What load (kN) would result to a total compressive strain of 0.0003 mm/mm?
A. 1649 B. 1885 C. 4771 D. 2886

SITUATION. A 20 m long beam is simply supported at the left end and 5m from the right end. It is to be used
as a bridge to carry a moving uniform highway load of 8 kN/m and a concentrated load of 12 kN.

55. Determine the length of the beam that may be loaded by the uniform load to produce maximum negative
moment in the beam.
A. 10 m B. 15 m C. 5 m D. 20 m

56. Determine the length of the beam that may be loaded by the uniform load to produce maximum positive
moment in the beam.
A. 10 m B. 15 m C. 5 m D. 20 m

57. Compute the maximum span positive moment due to the highway loads.
A. 400 kN-m B. 460 kN-m C. 350 kN-m D. 225 kN-m

SITUATION. The bolt shown in the figure is subjected to a total tensile force of 100 kN.

58. Determine the tensile stress in the body of the bolt in MPa.
A. 141.47 B. 93.06 C. 132.49 D. 79.36

59. Determine the tensile stress at the root of the bolt in MPa.
A. 141.47 B. 93.06 C. 132.49 D. 79.36

60. Determine the compressive stress at the head as the bolt bears on the surface to resist the tensile
load.
A. 32.08 B. 48.96 C. 57.07 D. 35.37

SITUATION. A solid steel post that is free from one end and fixed from the other end is subjected to pure
tension
Given: Post diameter = 80 mm
Length = 3 m
Shear Modulus = 70 GPa
61. What is the torsional rigidity of the post (kN-m2)
A. 281.49 kN-m2 B. 235.15 kN-m2 C. 266.91 kN-m2 D. 224.67 kN-m2

62. Determine the torsional stiffness of the post.

A. 99.6 kN-m2 B. 93.83 kN-m2 C. 69.9 kN-m2 D. 96.9 kN-m2

63. Determine the maximum shear stress (MPa) in the post if it is subjected to a torque of 540 N.m.
A. 5.37 MPa B. 6.15 MPa C. 6.25 MPa D. 5.61 MPa

SITUATION. Identify the following:

64. The material undergoes changes in its structure resulting in increased resistance to further
deformation.
A. Buckling B. Elasticity C. Plasticity D. Strain Hardening

65. The composite material exhibits elastic properties in one direction different from that in the
perpendicular direction.
A. Orthotropic B. Homogeneous C. Isotropic D. Prismatic

66. The material has the same composition at every point, but the elastic properties may not be the same in
all directions.
A. Orthotropic B. Isotropic C. Homogeneous D. Prismatic

SITUATION. According to the National Structural Code of the Philippines

67. The maximum spacing of main reinforcements for slabs as prescribed by design code is:
A. 3h or 450 mm B. 2h or 450 mm B. 5h or 450 mm D. 4h or 450 mm

68. Determine the strength reduction factor, 𝜙 for a flexural member having a net tensile strain 𝜀𝑡 for tensile
reinforcements of 0.0038. Use Grade 280 deformed reinforcements.
A. 0.65 B. 0.70 C. 0.80 D. 0.85

69. Determine the value of β for a class AAA concrete mix (f_c'=35 MPa).
A. 0.65 B. 0.75 C. 0.80 D. 0.85

SITUATION. Answer the following Structural Engineering questions:

70. A mode of design for flexural members in which concrete fails first.
A. Under-reinforced B. Over-reinforced C. Singly-reinforced D. Balanced design

71. Which of the following statement/s is/are TRUE?

I. A beam whose section is 70 mm x 160 mm resist more bending than that of a 50 mm x 180 mm
II. A beam whose section is 70 mm x 160 mm resist more deflection than that of a 50 mm x 180 mm
III. A column whose section is 70 mm x 160 mm x 7 m is more prone to buckling than that of a 50 mm x
180 mm x 5 m.
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I only

72. Determine the minimum slab thickness of the simply-supported one-way slab with ℓ = 2.5 m. Yield
strength of main bars 𝑓𝑦 = 278 MPa.
A. 100 B. 110 C. 120 D. 130

SITUATION. Figure SMAT – 15 shows a body subjected to a pure shear of 80mpa.

80 MPa

80 MPa
Figure SMAT – 15
73. Determine the normal stress at the point of maximum shear, in MPa.
A. 0 B. 60 C. 40 D. 80

74. Determine the maximum shear, in MPa.

A. 0 B. 80 C. 40 D. 60

75. Determine angle of rotation for maximum shear stress, in degrees.

A. 90 B. 45 C. 60 D. 30