Og ffEJer eE I ?.

lv r TlJl]fl1rfi,ltr

7}IIE
941 '0":"8ffi
BEB Oat Og 44 $=J*dxt Ael A., Bef s.oll g6ll e8flq ral (71)= O
zl.o0ll EH-d 7r4lE=, (Ll)= (71)sl t-a0l1l A.el B-el DNA dfEHaJ= LIEILJ a
0lEl.

D 2
2 3 4 N
A
/\t
o 1

r[l
561 8 9 aF
o
0
,l
1234
O ag cxl O) +dB o q^l ffi qlggSxp A

O +te o q^t E *dE o'J^l flqg+d^l R

il +dB o'Jxt @ +te e, o qxl

@ +EE o, o H^l
(7t) (Ll)

731 8/.tol0ll,l.l LJrt ol-ol7t Ellolg q, ol 0l0l0llll,'.l o7r o0l EF Ll'Elg +E

g? (8, EEEolsl ni15 ralalrl ?J=E[.) @

."8
(.l) 1
@
a
J I (^\
':/ '
a
A1
(5)
l6 4 g -2

168 E=7t=8Bal-4r
TFIHIKF.E, E-]Ifl ]I= trB "i;llA p.78

942 2016-ELIE 9g 20U

EE'E_E@
q,33 olE E?Jel +tB e4 eq EtlEI xlEoltrl.
. or+ G)g ac6lE-I?dzlE trl-E H4illql
^ls
. Orl eg 44 4B*dzI AelA-, Bel B.ql E6]| =zl]el+ e{qq,4'ilfl+d
zf .tlolel +g +Al: EE6I+

I 2 a E as'Jxl
J
O es cxl
% +EE o'Jrt"
@ +EE o q^l E
h
4 5 6 ffi *te o'J^t EO

@ +te o qrr
B FEE o, e'Jrt
@ e, o q^t
1 8 "EH
?

. (zI)E +^dfl 1,2,6q1^J ill^lls lTl]BAel DNA (+)=

^Jql=Jg, +^d
fl 3, 4, sql^J z1l,r.-llE lz]]B Bq DNA
^Jrl]=Jg +ElU 4o14.
+8fl Aq DNA SqaJ +¤fl 3ol DNA Af tl]B
a
I 0 J 2

2 2 4 1

6 1 5 1

(tl (Lt)

0l0ll r]l-d ¤Betr E3 Iu= <H7l>ollll ?,lts clle r.E ?tr=? (E!, EEHoI=
Lzl6lrl ?jtsq ) lmn
E-7

r. Og +^J ¤¤olrl.
L. Bsl B-b
^Jg4xll.ll ¤xflt4.
c.7+ 8 ololrt 4qg oll, ol ololollzll,rl 04 eol E+ ++g
^lolql^l
qEe
*",o
@-r @r @-r,. @u,r @-r,L,E

rv. tE 169
Og AlEIol Pd 3E51 Tnut5ttr

943 2016qtEE+5 r7U

EtrEEB
trtB3 olE d?-tel Bd EE o"@0ll rll:d
^lEoltrl.

. eg 4 H frdzl Ael A.ql E 6]], eg ql B +dzt Be+ B'ql E 6l], eg ql

B*dzI cel c.ql E61] aagq-. 4 4B*dzI ^lol9 +g +al: E
B6lr, A= A-ql qls]] Sd +^Jol4
. o-@g aa4: frd4i E+ 6}+el g^qillql ¤+qq il+.
. 7l4lE= e-@ + er+ eE g¤ .l+"Jg +4U 4o14.

I 2
E as gxt
O at cxt
@ sstrqxh
J 4 5
E o,e gE'Jxt
O e,o gE qxl
6 l 8

. +cfl 1, 3,4,8q1^l eol s¤q*.A,2,5,6,7q1^-l= G)ol gBqzl

?*9itrt

8ql^l ill^lls 17]]'J cel DNA t}4=*g +4u xol4.

Bel DNA 84aJ +¤3 cel DNA SL|IH
"dB
2 I 2 1

4 0 4 1

5 2 5 I

7 1 8 2

(7 t) (Ll)

ol0ll EH-d ¤Be-e Eg ?iuE <E7l>oll,\1 9,1,ts Elle rE A3? ('J, EEEolq
E'il.= I.e16|.rl ?j=trt )

!t.7l
-r. @3 ¤C ¤dol4
.. 5E Api Cz| g+E g4ill$ zlzlL !lrJ.
=.647 ^Iolql^J otolT} qlqB ql, ol ololqlal^J e4eol E+ g¤
B qEe
1",o

@-r @u @c @ -, . @ -, =

17O E=l= SErtEt I

PF/Iru.? E]Ifl ]I= 8H 9 all¤ p.79

944 2018-srEE
GE}Irr
+b 178

+E-= olE E?Jsl +d EE (71.)-(tr1)0il rl|-d rrEoltrl

. (zt)E +dzt Ae+ A-ql E 6ll, (+)* ql ts +dz} Be+ B-ql el6ll, (+)
EI B

qlB+dzI De+ D-ql el6ll Aegq A= A-ql ql6ll, B= B-ql Ell6}|, D

= D.ql ql6ll
44 gd +col+.
.=(zI)9 +dzte+ (+)q frdzlE r|= g{illql ilr, (71-)E *dz}
^1tr
e+ (+)E ,?dzli ¤+Elq 9l+.
. 7I4lE= (zr)-(+) G QD* (+)E g¤ q+E +4U 4ol4
rflx
|-\

E
t\
E at exl EO

% Qtl gE 'Jxt
I
1 2 J 4
ffi gtr'J^l
(+)
@ t+l sE qxl
5 6 1 8
$ (zI). (+) gE qrl
?

. +cg l, 4, z, 8ollalrJ (4)zI g¤q*.r, +^J fl.2,3,5, 6qlzl^J=

(4)zI g¤qzl ?*9t+ 1g De+ D.+ + ++"J zlzl:z llQ
. -s= +cg e"oql^.] ,ll^,lls 17l]B" AeI A.E DNA tlqlsJr+ +^Jg
@-@ql^l zllrllE 17lJB Bel B-E DNA tlql"Jg +4U 4o14. e-e
e 1,2,5E. +^l s.ol, @-@e 3, 4,8¤- +^J Sol 44d 4ol4
DNA $ilaJ DNA ||tHzJ
+8fl +dB
A A B B*

o @ 1 @ ? 0

e ? 0 @ @ 1

e 0 2 @ I ?

0l0ll rtl-d ¤Bo-e Ee au= <H7l>ollll glts r.E ?i=? ('J, EEEolq
rHe.
EilE r.46lrl ?Jgq, A, A*, B, B. 449.1 tzJlcJ DNA grllBE eq..)

H7
-r. @+@:1ol+.
L. +^Jfl t-g ¤: A, B, D= E+ 7IA 2Boltrl.
^IBe-
E.6r+ 7 tsxI oiolzl. E]]qB oll, ol ololollzll,<J (z|)-(4)
^Iol9lrl 6
(+)e+ (+)"J geg qE3
*",o
@-r @u @ -r, c @ u, = @ -r, L, E

M.sd 171
09 AlEJet Pd i Prc l TllEllE/ltr

945 2023qf LlE 9E 16U

EaEEE
trl'93 olE E?_tel +d Etr (7t)sl (Ll')oll EH-d rlEoltrl

. (zt)9 #dxlp* (+)E *dz} 6 aI4"J x g^4iilql 9ltrl

. (zJ.)E 4B*dxI He| hgl el6]], (+)= 4Bf'dz} 14 tgl el6ll Ad
¤tr}. H= hql qldl, r= tql ql6ll ?+?+ +4 *Col4.
. TIalEE +cg l-6qlz.llrJ (zl)s+ (+)el gB +Elu 4o14. "l+=

I e*'Jxt
1 2 O es cxr
@ (zt) sE qxl
@D (.+)
gE qxt

J 4 5
[ (zt), (+)'JE'J^t

. -*.= +Cfl r -rql^J xll^lls 17H'J He+ eel DNA ^Jql'+g ++d
1o14. r -r * 7:7+ +cg t,2, s 6 6l.+0lr, eg Te+ t 6 alqol
q, @-@= 0, 1, 2E trl $ol +El-U 4ol4
+dfl 1 l III

DNA H @ @ @

^J!]rJ e (c) @ @

oloil EflEl ¤Be-e Ee auE <E7l>0llll 91ts ct|-a rE ae? (trJ, EEEolel
fil.= Iel6lrl ggq, H, h, T, ,z4z1zl17H.J DNA dl'EHaJ3 1014 ) GH)

!/7l
-r. (zl-)E g^"i¤dol4.
u. lltg (zL)e+ (+)g #dzl-¤g rL+ E¤ doJdol4
ol otolqlzllrl (zl)e+ (*)zt E+ g¤g qEe
=. 69 E^Jol qqB ol,
I
7= 0l+.

@-r @u @-,. @-r,= @.,.

172 e?le 884-E r

TEFF{P.e, rJlla ll= 3'J P atlg p.6g

946 2020qrLJE 9E 1gfl

iaEEtpr
q'ge olE E?lel 8d EE (7t)-(rl-)0il EflEt rlEoltrI

. (z})b 4 8.,?dxl Hel H-ql el6ll, (LI): 4 ts-,?dzl Rel R-ql

Eq, (+)=
4B*dz} re} r-ql el6l AA¤+. H= H-ql q4, Rb R-ql q6]], r= r-
ql ql4 ?+4 *4 *col4.
. (zI)9 *dxlp] #dzlb ^1tr += g4zllql flr, (7i)el fdzle+
(Lt)E
(+)E -,?dzlb E+Elq flq.
. 7i-4lE= (7I)-(+) 6 (z|)g+ (+)el g¤ q+= +4U 4ol4

tr AIA} L.TTT
oo E,.l
n
fl
q^l, m
1 2
a
J 4
I}
88
m (+) "JE,_JXI
,JE q^l
@ (+)
I (zl), (4) gE Hrt
5 6 1 8
o (zI), (4) g-d q^l
?

'+Cfl t-s + t,4,8q^J* (rI)zI gdqfl+.

. -s:.+^dfl e-eql^.1 illrllE 17l]B He+ H-E DNA
t}4f*g 44d X"l
q e"@g 1,2,6* td S.ol ++U 1ol4
+¤fl e e @

H ? ? 1
DNA dl4aJ
H* 1 0 ?

. 7 , 8 zJz4E ill^lls 17]lB RE DNA

^J4 *g q ql {t
=20]4

0l0ll EH-d ¤Bo + Ee auE <E7l>ollll g,l= Etltr r.E a3? (Et, EEEolq
ililE l.aldlrl go.q, H, H*, R, R*,T,T.7+7191 17H.J DNA dl.EflaJE tO|C1.;
ED
H7
-. eg 60l+.
u. 5gi^l (+)E frdzlBg E¤ daJdol4
E.6r+ 7 ololTl 4qB EIl, ol ololqzl^J (zl)-(4) 6 (zI)"J
^Iolql^J
sBs +Ee 1",u

@-r @u @c @ -r, u @ -, =

u.+E 173
09 Alser Pr! i erE Tl[lp,l5,ltr

t7fl
947
2022-ELJE98
@@
trtg8 olE E?Jel aE EE (7t)et (Lr)q EI{EI rlEoltrl

. (7].)= 4B#dxl"Ael aql EEl], (+)= 4Hf.dz} Be+ bql E6l] eC

gtr|.A= aql qldl, B= bql q6ll ?+?+ 94. *Col4.
. TlZlE= +Cg 1-8qlZl^l (7I)e+ (Lt)E g¤ q+E LIEIU 4o14.

[ 8t *ri
2
a
J 4 Q 8A Gxt
Ql) gE 'Jxl
1
m
ffiD (Ll)
gE q^[
! (zI), (+) 'JE'J^r
5 6 1 8 S (zI), (+) gE q^h

. g= +^dg e-@ql^J ill^lle 171]B Ae+ bel DNA ^JEI=J$ q+ Alg

+qU Xol4. e-@g 1,2, s¤ +^l S.ol r+ElB loll, @-@g 3,
4, 89 +^l $].ol L}QU aolq.

+dfl o e @ @ @ @

Ae+ bel DNA ^Jqlrd'g q6J # 0 I 2 I 2 -)

¤Boe gg a"J= <E7l>0ll,l1 ?l= Ell-P r= 4=? ('J, EEEolq

ol0ll EllE
ril.= za{6fll Egq, A, a, B, b 44el 17llB DNA .sEllB8 tOlc1.;6
H7
-r. (zI)9 ,?dzlE tr-g4i{ql 9lr.}.
L. 8+ @oltr|.
E.6rl. 7 o1o17l E\qg ql, ol ol-ol9 (z].)s+ (+)E -*.¤eol
^tololl,<J
r.+ er+ Ag qEe *",O

@-r @u @r,. @.,= @r,L,E

174 t=tla dBrtEt r

TffiIKTfl?, E]13 ]I= 8B "J afl¤ p.gt

948 2020qtLJE
BtrEEEil
6? 19S

43e olE dPJel Rt Etr (7t)-(trt)0il EtlEI rtEoltrl

. (z|)b rll B +dzt He+ H.ql E 6ll, (LI)= 4 H,?dzI Rel R.ql g 6]], (q)
rilB.,?dx} re+ r.ql 9dl ¤A¤+ H= H-ql q6]l, R|.R.oll QloJl,
=
r= r.ql ql6fl 44 9d *Col4
. (zl-)9 +dz}e+ (Ll)E +dz} + 6IL}"J x g4i]lql il+ 2
. (trI)E *dzlb x g^4xllql flr, (tr})= gd ¤?o14.
. 7l-4lE= +^dg @E xlle-l+ 4"lzl +^d+l 1-eqlzllrJ (z|)s+ (+)el g
¤ q+E ++u 40t4 {ffr
T\
ilI
h
m
E ag'-J^l
I 2
a
J 4 E tru gfl H^t
(D l+l sE qxl
! (zl), (LI) "JE q^l.
f (zt), (4) "Jfl gxt
5 6 1 8

. @= zllqql 4"lzl t-e + 3,6, eql^JtI (rI)zI g¤Elfl+

. iil^lls 17l]B H9 DNA
^J4?+g 14 @zl ^JE e+.

0l0ll ¤Eetr Ee auE <H7l>oil^l

EH-d gtts qe r=
ag? (trJ, EEHolel.
Eil.= ralalrl ?Jeq, He|. H- 7+7]el17HB DNA 8EllBS rolcl;

H7l
r. (z|)i +t ¤?olr|.
.. @ofld (4)zl-g¤qflq.
E. eE E^Jol 4qg oll, ol oloJollzllzrj (7D-eD7l E+ geB qEg
I otrt
r r'
4

@-r @t @r @-r,. @u,=

rv. +d 175
Og AlEJer Pr! ;i.r,r tlllfJll5ltr

949
2021qfHE+b 15H
EtrEEIB
trl# qE d$sl +d Etr (71)-(tr[)0ll E]lEt rt.Eo!tr]

. (zt)E ql B +dz} He+ hql 16ll, (+)= t}] B +d^[ ne] roll 16]], (+)=
4B+dzI re+ tql E6}] AAg+ H= hql q16il, Ri roll tll6n, r= tql
q6I 44 $d *^J.14
. (7t)-(r+)9 #dxl 324YX g^qrllql,'t"lzl lzli^Jg4alql fl+.
. 7lAlE=- +Cg @= xile-l+ +Cg l-sqzllrl (zI)-(+) + (zl)4 (4)
E g¤ q+E ++U Xol4

E es'Jxl
I 2 J 4 O st qxt
@ (tD gE qxt
ffi r'll gE'J^l
@
@ t.+i gE qxl
5 6 1

. 2, 7oll.rJ3 (4)zt g¤qs.tr, 4, s, sqlrJ= (4)zl-B¤qzl *9tr+

¤BeE ge a"Jg
oloil r]{-d <E7l>0lll1 ?l= EHe. a= 4?? (E, EEEolq
E'il.= raldlrl 8j=trt.) GD
H7
-.(4)9 #dxli x g^4illql il+
.. 49 (zI)-(+)E f'dz}¤¤ E+ olB dQrdol4.
(zI)"J g.¤g
=.89 5^J"l 4qg ull, ol o}"lqlAl4 QD-(+) +
I
+Ee Zol'+'

@-r @u @r @-r,- @.,.

176 gETlE SBzlel I