Industry 4.

0
Topic: Interenet of Services

Prepared by: A K Pati

❖The Internet of Serivices (IoS) enables the service vendors to offer their services via the
Internet
❖It refers to the interconnection and interaction of various services through internet.
❖Services and functions are represented as software components and made available by
providers via the Internet (cloud)
❖The objective of IoS is present everything on the Internet as a service, including software
applications, platforms for developing and delivering these applications, and underlying
infrastructures (CPUs, storage, networks, and so on).
❖The IoS is characterized by availibilty which is measured in terms of average service
availability over a given time period
❖Factors that affect availability are reliability and resiliency
The Industry 4.0 depends on
CPS and IoT technologies.
These two concepts are
converging to the Internet of
Services that provide a set of
serviceses
● The term Internet of Services raised from the convergence of other
two concepts: Web 2.0 and Service-oriented architecture(SOA).
● The intersection of these two fields is the notion of reusing and
composing existing resources and services
Web 2.0:
● “Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry
caused by the move to the internet as a platform, and any attempt
to understand the rules for success on that new platform.”– Tim O’
Reilly.
● It’s a simply improved version of the first worldwide web,
characterized specifically by the change from static to dynamic or
user-generated content and also the growth of social media.
❖Web 2.0 is characterized by four aspects: interactivity, social networks, tagging and web
services.
❖ Interactivity: which comes from two technologies: AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML) that allow the communication and the dynamic manipulation of data between a
server, and the web browser.
❖ Social networks: based on common interests, making the information from each network
available through different ways.
❖ Tagging: through which users can add a keyword as a tag to certain web content, making
this tag easily reachable when searched by other users.
❖ Web services: which allow that other software makes use of the features offered by a
web application, being available not only to people but also to machines
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA):
❖SOA is a way of designing and building a set of Information Technology
applications where application components and web services make their
functions available on the same access channel for mutual use.
❖The SOA can be explained through two different angles.
❖ From a business perspective, it represents a set of services that
improve the capability of the company to conduct business with customers
and suppliers.
❖ From a technology perspective, it is a project philosophy
characterized by modularity, separation of concerns, service re-uses, and
composition, as well as a new programming method base
❖The SOA services characteristics should be:
❖ Technology neutral: they must be invoked through standardized lowest
common denominator technologies that are available to almost all IT
environments. This implies that the invocation mechanisms (protocols,
descriptions and discovery mechanisms) should comply with widely
accepted standards.
❖ Loosely coupled: they must not require knowledge or any internal
structures or conventions (context) at the client or service side.
❖ Support location transparency: services should have their definitions and
location information stored in a repository such as UDDI and be accessible
by a variety of clients that can invoke the services irrespective of their
location.
 Classification of IoS
❖The IoS can be classified as business service, e-service and web service
▪ Business service:
❖In these domains, a service is considered to be an activity which is intangible by
nature.
❖It is defined as business activities provided by a service provider to a service
consumer to create a value for the consumer.
❖Services are considerably different from products primarily due to their
intangible nature.
❖Services lack of concrete characteristics. Thus, services must be defined
indirectly in terms of the effects they have on consumers
❖Business services may be performed by humans also
❖Examples: cutting hair, painting a house, typing a letter, or filling a form,
processing an insurance claim is also considered a service
Web Services:
❖It is defined as “a software system designed to support interoperable
machine-to-machine interaction over a network”.
❖Web Services on-line delivery functionalities (called services) offer simple input
and output interfaces – hiding its internal structure and programming language –
that can be used by other Web Service, software application or machine, as well as
humans.
❖The web services can identify in three types: RPC Web Services, SOA Web
Services, and RESTful Web services.
E-Service:
❖ e-service is a collection of network-resident software services accessible via
standardized protocols, whose functionality can be automatically discovered
and integrated into applications or composed to form more complex services.
❖ E-services are services for which the Internet (or any other equivalent network
such as mobile and interactive TV platforms) is used as a channel to interact
with consumers.
 Examples of IoS:
● In the IoS vision, services are seen as tradable goods that can be offered on service
marketplaces by their providers to make them available for potential consumers.
● Tesla is delivering vehicles with hardware and software which can be upgraded,
their cars are sensor ready and software upgrades will provide extra intelligence,
delivered via the internet. The customer could pay for the upgrades which then
generates extra revenue for Tesla.
● Otis is supplying elevators/lifts with sensors which send data into their cloud. The
data is analyzed and Otis sells a predictive maintenance services package, again
adding a long-term revenue stream.
● eBay , Amazon , Flipcart….
Challenges in IoS:
● Scalability of services: Although there are many services that are static in
nature from the view pint of their size but still the services experiences
fluctuations due to workload.
● Monitoring of Services: Most of the mechanism of billing including
payment as offered by providers are based on resources of individual users as
per their consumption time based on unit.
● Context awareness of applications: One of the key challenges of the future
of IoS is to address the increase in the information relevancy within a given
context. Need to be more aware in specific application and services such as
social networking, computational environment and various other mobile
applications.
● This context awareness adapts certain behaviors related to the environment
such as activity of users, accessing of devices, location or people who are
nearby.