ENGLISH - TENSES

TENSES RULES & SIGNAL WORDS USES AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE FORM
RULE: • something happens repeatedly I play football. I don't play football. Do I play football?
Subject + V1 + s/es + Object • how often something happens We play football. We don't play football. Do we play football?
SIMPLE (Singular) • one action follows another You play football. You don't play football. Do you play football?
PRESENT Subject + V1 + Object (Plural) • things in general You play football. You don't play football. Do you play football?
every day, sometimes • with verbs like (to love, to hate, to He plays football. He doesn't play football. Does he play football?
always ,often usually ,seldom think, etc.) She plays football. She doesn't play football. Does she play football?
,never first .. then • future meaning: timetables, It plays football. It doesn't play football. Does it play football?
programs They play football. They don't play football. Do they play football?
SIMPLE PAST action took place in the past, I played football. I didn’t play football. Did I play football?
RULE: mostly connected with an expression We played football. We didn’t play football. Did we play football?
Subject + V2 + Object of time (no connection to the present) You played football. You didn’t play football. Did you play football?
You played football. You didn’t play football. Did you play football?
Last…….. …..….ago He played football. He didn't play football. Did he play football?
In 1990 She played football. She didn't play football. Did she play football?
Yesterday It played football. It didn't play football. Did it play football?
They played football. They didn't play football. Did they play football?
SIMPLE RULE: • predictions about the future (you I shall play football. I shall not play football. Shall I play football?
FUTURE Subject + will/shall + V1 + think that something will happen) We shall play football. We shall not play football. Shall we play football?
Object • you decide to do something You will play football. You won't play football. Will you play football?
spontaneously at the time of speaking You will play football. You won't play football. Will you play football?
• main clause in type I of the He will play football. He won't play football. Will he play football?
Conditional sentences She will play football. She doesn't play football. Will she play football?
It will play football. It won't play football. Will it play football?
They will play football. They won't play football. Will they play football?
PRESENT •something is happening at the same I am playing football. I am not playing football. Am I playing football?
CONTINUOUS RULE: time of speaking or around it We are playing football. We aren't playing football. Are we playing football?
Subject + is/am/are + V4 + • future meaning: when you have You are playing football. You aren't playing football. Are you playing football?
object already decided and arranged to do it You are playing football. You aren't playing football. Are you playing football?
(a fixed plan, date) He is playing football. He isn't playing football. Is he playing football?
Now ,At the moment She is playing football. She isn't playing football. Is she playing football?
Look!, Listen! It is playing football. It isn’t playing football. Is it playing football?
They are playing football. They aren't playing football. Are they playing football?
PAST • an action happened in the middle of I was playing football. I was not playing football. Was I playing football?
CONTINUOUS RULE: another action We were playing football. We weren't playing football. Were we playing football?
Subject + was + V4+ Object • someone was doing something at a You were playing football. You weren't playing football. Were you playing football?
(Singular) certain time (in the past) - you don't You were playing football. You weren't playing football. Were you playing football?
Subject + were + V4 + Object know whether it was finished or not He was playing football. He wasn't playing football. Was he playing football?
(Plural) She was playing football. She wasn't playing football. Was she playing football?
It was playing football. It wasn't playing football. Was it playing football?
While They were playing football. They weren't playing football. Were they playing football?
FUTURE RULE: • An action will be in progress at a I will be playing football. I won’t be playing football. Will I be playing football?
CONTINUOUS Subject + will be/shall be + V4 + certain time in the future. This action We will be playing football. We won't be playing football. Will we be playing football?
Object has begun before the certain time. You will be playing football. You won’t be playing football. Will you be playing football?
• Something happens because it You will be playing football. You won't be playing football. Will you be playing football?
normally happens. He will be playing football. He won't be playing football. Will he be playing football?
She will be playing football. She won't be playing football. Will she be playing football?
It will be playing football. It won’t be playing football. Will it be playing football?
They will be playing football. They won't be playing football. Will they be playing football?
 ENGLISH - TENSES
TENSES RULES & SIGNAL WORDS USES AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM INTERROGATIVE FORM
PRESENT RULE: • you say that something has I have played football. I have not played football. Have I played football?
PERFECT Subject + has + V3 + Object happened or is finished in the past and We have played football. We have not played football. Have we played football?
(Singular) it has a connection to the present You have played football. You have not played football. Have you played football?
Subject + have + V3 + Object • action started in the past and You have played football. You have not played football. Have you played football?
(Plural) continues up to the present He has played football. He has not played football. Has he played football?
Just yet, never ever, already She has played football. She has not played football. Has she played football?
So far, up to now, It has played football. It has not played football. Has it played football?
Since,for,recently They have played football. They have not played football. Have they played football?
PAST PERFECT • mostly when two actions in a story I had played football. I had not played football. Had I played football?
RULE: are related to each other: the action We had played football. We had not played football. Had we played football?
Subject + had + V3 + Object which had already happened is put You had played football. You had not played football. Had you played football?
into Past Perfect, the other action into You had played football. You had not played football. Had you played football?
Already ,just Simple Past He had played football. He had not played football. Had he played football?
Never • the past of the Present Perfect She had played football. She had not played football. Had she played football?
It had played football. It had not played football. Had it played football?
They had played football. They had not played football. Had they played football?
FUTURE will already have happened before a I will have played football. I will not have played football. Will I have played football?
PERFECT RULE: certain time in the future We will have played football. We will not have played football. Will we have played football?
Subject + will have/shall have + You will have played football. You will not have played football. Will you have played football?
V3 + Object You will have played football. You will not have played football. Will you have played football?
He will have played football. He will not have played football. Will he have played football?
She will have played football. She will not have played football. Will she have played football?
It will have played football. It will not have played football. Will it have played football?
They will have played football. They will not have played football. Will they have played football?
PRESENT RULE: • action began in the past and has just I will have been playing football. I won't have been playing football. Will I have been playing football?
PERFECT Subject + has been + V4+ Object stopped We will have been playing football. We won't have been playing football. Will we have been playing football?
CONTINUOUS (Singular) • how long the action has been You will have been playing football. You won't have been playing football. Will you have been playing football?
Subject + have been + V4+ happening You will have been playing football. You won't have been playing football. Will you have been playing football?
Object (Plural) emphasis: length of time of an action He will have been playing football. He won't have been playing football. Will he have been playing football?
She will have been playing football. She won't have been playing football. Will she have been playing football?
All day It will have been playing football. It won't have been playing football. Will it have been playing football?
The whole day, how long They will have been playing football. They won't have been playing football. Will they have been playing football?
Since, for
PAST PERFECT how long something had been I had been playing football. I hadn't been playing football. Had I been playing football?
CONTINUOUS RULE: happening before something else We had been playing football. We hadn't been playing football. Had we been playing football?
Subject + had been + V4 + happened You had been playing football. You hadn't been playing football. Had you been playing football?
Object You had been playing football. You hadn't been playing football. Had you been playing football?
How long He had been playing football. He hadn't been playing football. Had he been playing football?
Since ,for She had been playing football. She hadn't been playing football. Had she been playing football?
It had been playing football. It hadn't been playing football. Had it been playing football?
They had been playing football. They hadn't been playing football. Had they been playing football?
FUTURE RULE: something will already have happened I will have been playing football. I won't have been playing football. Will I have been playing football?
PERFECT Subject + will have been + V4+ before a certain time in the future We will have been playing football. We won't have been playing football. Will we have been playing football?
CONTINUOUS Object emphasis: length of time of an action You will have been playing football. You won't have been playing football. Will you have been playing football?
You will have been playing football. You won't have been playing football. Will you have been playing football?
He will have been playing football. He won't have been playing football. Will he have been playing football?
She will have been playing football. She won't have been playing football. Will she have been playing football?
It will have been playing football. It won't have been playing football. Will it have been playing football?
They will have been playing football. They won't have been playing football. Will they have been playing football?
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