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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Department Electrical and Energy

LAB: Power System Analysis and Optimization

Lab 3: Power System Lab 3

Lectured by: Ms. NEOV Yoklin

Group: I4-EE-B1

Name: PECH Chhorvorn

ID: e20201019

ENGINEERING’S DEGREE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC AND ENERGY ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA
PHNOM PENH

Academic Year: 2023-2024


Power System lab 3
1. Objective:
The main objective of this experiment is:
- Understand Basic Concepts of AC power system.
- Operation of Capacitor Bank.
- Simulation Power flow in Power world.
2. Procedure:
2.1. Problem 1:
We have the single phase with supply voltage is given by v ( t )=220 √ 2 cos ( ωt ) .
a. Resistance load is given by Z=2 Ω
i. Determine the expression for the instantaneous current i(t) and instantaneous power p(t)
V m 220 √ 2 ∠ 0 °
The maximum current : I max= = =110 √ 2∠ 0° V
Z 2
⇒ instantaneous current i ( t )=110 √ 2 cos ( ωt ) A
⇒ instantaneous power p ( t )=v ( t ) i ( t )=( 110 ×220 × 2 ) cos ( ωt ) cos ( ωt )=48400 cos ( ωt ) cos ( ωt )=24200 cos ( 2 ω

Thus i ( t )=110 √ 2cos ( ωt ) A ; p ( t )=24200 cos ( 2 ωt ) W


ii. Define S, P, Q, Power Factor
V max I
We have :V rms = =220 ∠0 ° V ∧I rms = max =110 ∠0 ° A
√2 √2
¿
⇒ S=V rms I rms =24200 ∠ 0 ° VA =24200 W + j 0 Var

{
We get : P=24200 W
Q=0 Var
P 24200
⇒ PF= = =1
S 24200

Thus P=24200W ; Q=0 Var ; S=24200 ∠ 0 ° VA ; PF=1


iii. Calculate capacitor bank to improve power factor to 1pf.
For this case load is resistance Power factor is 1.
iv. Plot v ( t ) ,i ( t ) , p (t ) , p r ( t ) , p x ( t ) over an interval of 0 ¿ 2 π .

Figure 1: Graph of v ( t ) ,i ( t ) , p (t ) , pr ( t ) , px (t)

b. Resistance and inductance loads are given by R=2 Ω∧L=10 mH


i. Determine the expression for the instantaneous current i(t) and instantaneous p(t )
We have :Z=R+ j X L=2+ j ( 2 π ×50 ×10 ×10−3 )=2+ j3.14 Ω; (f =50 Hz)
220 √ 2
The maximum current : I max= =45− j 70.5 A=83.57 ∠−57.5 ° A
2+ j 3.14
⇒ instantaneous current i ( t )=83.57 cos ( ωt−57.5 ) A
⇒ instantaneous power p ( t )=i (t ) v ( t )=( 220 √ 2× 83.57 ) cos ( ωt ) cos ( ωt−57.5 ) W

Thus i ( t )=83.57 cos ( ωt−57.5 ) A ; p ( t )=( 220 √ 2× 83.57 ) cos ( ωt ) cos ( ωt−57.5 ) W
ii. Define S, P, Q, Power Factor
83.57 ∠−57.5°
We have :V rms =220 ∠ 0 ° V ∧I rms = =59.1 ∠−57.5° A
√2
¿
⇒ S=V rms I rms =220 ∠ 0 ° × 59.1∠ 57.5 °=13002 ∠ 57.5 °VA =7043.3+ j 10929 VA

{
We get : P=7043.3W
Q=10929 Var
⇒ PF=cos ( 57.5 ° )=0.53

Thus S=13002∠ 57.5 ° VA ; P=7043.3 W ; Q=10929 Var ; PF=0.53


iii. Calculate capacitor bank to improve power factor to 1 pf
⇒ Q' =P × tan ( θ' )=P × tan ( cos−1 ( 1 ) )=0 Var
⇒ The power of capactor :Qc =10929 Var
2
|V | ( 220 )2
⇒ Z c= = =− j 4.428 Ω
S¿c j10929
1
⇒ C= =0.00071=71 μF
2 π ×50 × 4.428

Thus C=71 μF
iv. Plot v ( t ) ,i ( t ) , p (t ) , p r ( t ) , p x ( t ) over an interval of 0 ¿ 2 π .

Figure 2: Graph of v ( t ) ,i ( t ) , p (t ) , pr ( t ) , px (t)


c. Explain load as case (a) and case (b), Compare results:
After calculate and plot graph with two above. We see that for case a is Resistor
power factor of this case is 1 pf already. And it has only real power with no reactive power
and apparent power is equal to real power. But for case b phase angle of i(t) is lagging to
phase angle of v(t). In this case load isn’t only resistor but it has inductance also. At figure 2
we see that it has reactive power. And Power Factor isn’t 1 pf so we need to use capacitor
bank to improve power factor.
2.2. Problem 2:
In PowerWorld Simulator case Problem 2 at 50 MW and 20 Mvar load is supplied at 22
kV through a feeder with an impedance of Z=1+ j 2 Ω. The load is compensated with a
capacitor whose output, Qcap, can be varied in 5 Mvar steps between 0 and 100 Mvars.
1. Value of Qcap minimizes the real power line losses:

Figure 3: Value of Qcap minimizes the real power line losses


Value of Qcap that minimizes line losses is 27.54 Mvar that Capacitor should reduce to
the system. This value Capacitor bank can minimize power losses only 7 MW .
2. Value of Qcap minimizes the MVA power flow into the feeder:

Figure 4: Value of Qcap minimizes the MVA power flow into the feeder
Value of Qcap that minimizes line losses is 27.54 Mvar that Capacitor should reduce to
the system. This value Capacitor bank can minimize MVA only 50 M VA .

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