Class:10

History:The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

1.Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’.

(a) Otto von Bismarck. (b) Giuseppe Mazzini

(c) Metternich (d) Johann Gottfried Herder

Ans: (b) Giuseppe Mazzini

2.For the middle class of Europe, the most important feature of Liberalism was

(a) abolition of conservatism. (b) Right to be liberal and educated.

(c) Individual freedom and equality before law

(d) Representative government.

Ans:(c) Individual freedom and equality before law

3.Romanticism refers to

(a) cultural movement (b) religious movement

(c) political movement (d) literary movement

Ans: (a) cultural movement

4.In Prussia, who was referred to as ‘Junkers’?

(a) Military officials. (b) Large landowners

(c) Factory owners (d) Aristocratic nobles

Ans: (b) Large landowners

5.Which one of the following types of government was functioning in France before the
revolution of 1789?

(a) Dictatorship (b) Military

(c) Body of French Citizen (d) Monarchy

Ans:(d) Monarchy

6.Who among the following was known as ‘Colons’

(a) French citizens living in Vietnam (b) French citizens living in France

(c) Educated people of Vietnam (d) Elites of Vietnam

Ans:(a) French citizens living in Vietnam

7.Which one of the following statements is false regarding the Act of Union 1707?

(a) It was an agreement between England and Scotland.

(b) It was an agreement between England and Ireland.

(c) It resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’.

(d) It gave England control over Scotland.

Ans:(b) It was an agreement between England and Ireland.

8.Who said, “when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold”?

(a) Garibaldi (b) Mazzini

(c) Metternich (d) Bismarck

Ans: (c) Metternich

9.Which treaty recognised Greece as an independent nation?

(a) Treaty of Versailles (b) Treaty of Vienna

(c) Treaty of Constantinople (d) Treaty of Lausanne

Ans: (c) Treaty of Constantinople

10.Zolleverin started in 1834 in Prussia refers to a

(a) Trade Union (b) Customs Union

(c) Labour Union (d) Farmer’s Union

Ans: (b) Customs Union

Q/A

1).What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries?

The main aim of the French revolutionaries was to create a sense of collective identity
amongst the French people. They proclaimed that it was the people who would constitute
the nation and shape its decisions.

2).How would you explain the fate of Ireland?

Ans. 1. Ireland was a country deeply divided between Catholics and Protestants.

2. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over largely
Catholic country.

3. Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed.

4. After a failed revolt led by wolf Tone and his United Irishmen, Ireland was forcibly
incorporated in to United Kingdome in 1801.

3)Give a brief description of the revolt led by the Silesian Weavers in 1845?

Ans. 1. In 1845 the Silesian weavers revolted against contractor who supplied them raw
material for finishing textile but drastically reduced their payments.

2. Dissatisfied and resented weavers emerged from their homes on 4th June and marched in
pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages.

3. The contractor fled with his families to a neighboring village which ultimately refused
shelter to such a person.

4) Name the female allegory that represents France. Describe her main characteristics.

Ans. 1. Those of liberty and republic.

2. These were the red cap, the tricolor, the cocade.

3. Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares.

4. Her images were marked on coins and stamps of 1850s.

5)Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had
incorporated revolutionary principles.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

Ans. Following were the reforms brought by Napoleon in the administrative system:

1. The civil Code of 1804, usually known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privilege
based on birth.
2. It established equality before law and secured the right to property.

3. Napoleon simplified administrative division, abolished the feudal system and freed
peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.

4. In the towns too, guild restrictions were removed.

5. Transportation and communication system was improved.

6).Explain the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a
sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

Ans.

•The ideas of La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of
a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.

•A new French flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace the former Royal Standard.

•The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National
Assembly.

•New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the
nation.

•A centralized administrative system was introduced and it formulated uniform laws for all
citizens.

•Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and
measures was adopted.

•Regional dialects were discouraged and French became the common language of the nation.

7).What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna 1815? What were the main provisions of
the Treaty of Vienna held in 1815?

•The Bourbon dynasty which was destroyed during the French Revolution was restored to
power.

•France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.

•A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in
the future.
•Prussia was given new territories on its western frontiers, and Austria was given control of
northern Italy.

•The German confederation of 39 states set up by Napoleon was left untouched.

•Russia was given part of Poland and Prussia was given part of Saxony.

•The monarchy was restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe.

8)How had Revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815? Explain
with examples.

Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian Revolutionary founded two underground societies: Young Italy
in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne. The members believed in the formation of nation-
states and they were liberal-minded people. Following his model, secret societies were set up
in Germany, France, Switzerland, and Poland.

The Romantics used folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances to popularize the true spirit of
the nation. For example, Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his operas
and music in Poland. He turned folk dances like polonaise and mazurka into nationalist
symbols.

Language also played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. For example, it
was mainly used as a weapon of national resistance when the Polish language was forced out
of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere in Europe.

9).“Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.” Explain.

*Italians were scattered over several dynastic states.

*Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house.

*Italy was unified in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy.

*Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a program for a unitary Italian Republic.

*The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with
France by Chief Minister Cavour.

*Garibaldi joined the fray.

10.What is the difference between Marina and Germania?

Marianne was the female allegory of France. Her characteristics were drawn from those of
Liberty and the Republic such as the tricolour, cockade and the red cap. Germania was the
female allegory of Germany. Her characteristics inlude the crown of German oak leaves,
symbolising heroism.