Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

North South University

Junior Design Project

Hi-Lily (Unmanned Aerial Delivery Vehicle)

Submitted By:
Anika Khan Ashikur Rahman Khan
Id:1711623642 Id:1712570642

Course: CSE299
Section: 19
Semester: Spring 2020
Date: 20/05/2020

Faculty Advisor:
Dr. Tanzilur Rahman
Assistant Professor
Department Of ECE
 Table of Contents
List Of Figures…………………………………………………………...……………………...3
List Of Tables…………………………………………………………………...………………..3
Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………………..………………4
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..………………6
Chapter 1:1: Introduction ………………………….…………………………………………...7
1.1: What is UAV?.................................................................…………………….….........8
1.2: Types of UAV………………………………………………………………………...8
1.3: Benefits of using UAV………………………...…….……………………….……....9
1.4: Project Description……………………………………………………………....…...9
1.5: Project aim and Objectives of our Hi-Lily……………………………………….....10
1.6: Motivation………………………………………………………………………......10
1.7: Scope…………………………………………………………………………….….10
Chapter 2: Background…………………………………………………………………..….…11
2.1: History of UAV……………………………………………………………………..12
2.2: UAV Companies…………………………………...……………………………….13
2.3: Ongoing UAV projects……...………………………………………….…………...13
2.3.1: Project Wing……………………………………………………….14
2.3.2: DHL Parcelcopter……………………………….………….……...15
Chapter 3: Methodology…………………………………………….………………...…….…16
3.1: Workflow…………………………………​………...……​…………​………​….…...17
3.2: Proposed Design……………………………​..…………​…………​………​...……...17
3.3: Hardware components…………………………………………………………...…18
3.4 Hardware Assemble …………………………...​………………​………….​…​……...20
3.5: Hardware Software Integration…………………..……………​…………………​…20

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Chapter 4: Final Proposal…………………………………………….………………...….…..22
4.1: Introduction …………….………………………………………………………….23
4.2: Background……………..………………………………………………………….24
4.3: Methodology……………....…………………………………………………….…25
4.3.1:ER Diagram…....……………………………………………………25
4.3.2: Relational Schema …....……………………………………………26
Chapter 5:Results and decisions…………………………………………….……….……...…27
5.1: Results………………………….………………………………………………...28
5.2: Discussion……………………….……………………………………………….29
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…………...…30
References………………………………………………………………………….……..….31-32

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig2.3.1: Project wing
Fig2.3.2: DHL Parcelcopter
Fig 3.1: Basic workflow of Hi-Lily
Fig 3.2 : Proposed Designed Hi-Lily model with Solidworks

Fig 3.3: Thrust Generator Software graph

Fig3.3: Hardware assemble
Fig 4.3.1: ER diagram
Fig 4.3.2: Relational Schema
Fig 5.1: Login Page of Hi-Lily online food delivery system
Fig 3.5: ArduPilot Software
Fig 3.5.2: Mission Commands of ArduPilot

LIST OF TABLES
● Table 3.3 : Calculation of hardware components

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

At first, we would like to express the highest appreciation to our Faculty Advisor Dr. Tanzilur
Rahman for supervising us, giving comments and suggestions throughout the course and also
motivating us for proper teamwork. Without his guidance and patronage the project wouldn’t
have taken a shape. We would also like to thank the team members as the project could not be
done without the cooperation of the members of our team.

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 Abstract
Drone is a type of unmanned vehicle that is controlled by software or remote. It is classified on
various basis. Most commonly used drone is multi rotor drones. Drone delivery systems are the
latest technology of this modern world. This technology is spreading so fast that tech giants are
investing tons of money into this project. Day by day, the commercial use of this technology is
increasing significantly as it has potential, scope and scale of global reach. It is cost efficient and
has a lower energy consumption rate. It increases work efficiency, productivity and accuracy.
Due to its environment friendly feature, drones are becoming our next future vehicle. We are
living in the fourth industrial revolution era where robotics will replace human beings in
traditional works. In the near future the delivery system using humans will be replaced by drones
as it makes the operation more fast, fluid and flexible.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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1.1: What is UAV?
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a remote controlled or autonomous aircraft which is widely known
as Drone. There are many types of drones in the air, on land and even under the water. UAV is a
kind of drone that flies in the air and can land both vertically and horizontally. UAV was
basically adopted by the ‘US Department of Defense’ for military purposes. It can independently
fly on the air by the help of GPS. Water resistant drones can fly even in rain and heavy snowfall.
UAV has high fame for its various uses in photography, video making, logistics, combat,
surveillance, defense, rescue, product delivery, agriculture, firefighting etc. The use of unmanned
vehicles has been rapidly increasing these days. [1]

1.2: Types of UAV

Drones can be classified on various bases like landing, aerodynamics, weight etc. There are two
types of UAV based on landing. They are called HTOL (Horizontal take-off and landing) and
VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing). Based on aerodynamics, there are 4 major type of UAV:
1. Multi Rotor UAV: They are made of a central body and multiple rotors that powered the
propellers to take the flight. It can be further classified into Tri-copter, Quad-copter,
Hexa-copter, Octa-copter.

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 2. Fixed Wing UAV: It has fixed wing like an airplane. Its design is entirely different from
multi-rotor. But it can’t stand still on the air.
3. Single Motor UAV: Its design is pretty much similar to a helicopter. It has a large size
rotor and a small one in the tail for balance.
4. Flapping Wing UAV: It uses bird-fly mechanics as the power source. This UAV
technology is developed so that it is capable for surveillance. [2]

1.3: Benefits of using UAV

In the last few years, the development of drones has increased widely for its functions and
advantages. It has now become an alternative solution to our many traditional works. Here are
some major benefits of UAV:
➢ It minimizes the dangers and life risks
➢ Quick amplification and launch
➢ Flexibility according to majority inspections
➢ Easily collection of high data can be shared
➢ Applied for marketing and advertising
➢ Very low downtime for equipment and systems
➢ It can also be operated in remote areas
➢ Saves life, time, money and energy
➢ Reduces CO2 emission from the air
➢ Environment friendly [3]

1.4: Project Description

We are planning to build a quadcopter that will have propelled by four rotors. We are estimating
that it can lift around 2.5 to 4 pounds. We will attach a small container to carry the product.
Initially the runtime of the drone will be one hour and gradually we will increase the runtime.
We will use some hardware tools like Flight controller, Esc, Motor, Power module etc. and
assemble them. Then the hardware will be integrated with software to run the drone. We will use
the transmitter to drive the drone. GPS, camera and sensors will be integrated for navigation and

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other purposes.

1.5: Project aim and Objectives of our Hi-Lily

We are nowhere near an iRobot-like future with 4th industrial revolution and drone technology is
an important part of the future of warfare. So, you have to follow the path of technology to
improve our services. The project aim and objectives are given below:

➢ Reduce the cost significantly.

➢ Provide services in remote areas.
➢ It can deliver faster.
➢ Handle increased demand during peak hour times.
➢ Reduce use of C02 and environment friendly.
➢ Ensure product safety.
➢ Minimize human errors.

1.6: Motivation
Many tech giants like amazon, google are investing in drone development because of its
feasibility. It provides a lot of advantages to the delivery system. The major factor is it reduced
the cost of operation like fuel cost, driver salary etc. and easy management. It doesn't get stuck in
traffic jams and can fly to remote areas. It can also make the delivery process efficient and
precise. As we have to follow the path of tread technology so it inspires us to work on this
project.

1.7: Scope
This report focuses on small distance and limited timeframe UAV operations.​The existing
human delivery system is costly. Our project can replace the human delivery service and
overcome the infrastructure. The project is possible because many other teams have done it
before and the use of UAV is nowadays very trendy and cost efficient.

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Chapter 2: Background

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2.1: History of UAV
From the earliest records we came to know that
UAV was first used when Australians attacked the
Italian city of Venues by using explosive loaded
unmanned Balloons in 1849. British military used
aerial photography to capture sky view maps of the
German trench fortifications in 1915. During the
First World War in 1960, The United States started
working on UAV technologies and launched the
first pilotless aircraft. After a short time period the
U.S army-built Kettering Bug in 1918. During
World war 2, The Radio plane OQ-2, the first
remote controlled aircraft was created by Reginald
Denny. Before that, drones were only used for
military purposes. The U.S then started to make
drones projects and supply them throughout the
world.
Earlier drones were very expensive and people used
to think that they are unreliable. The projects were
mostly built by govt sites. But after 1980 this
attitude began to change. The Israeli Air force’s
victory over the Syrian Air force in 1982 started a
new beginning in the history of UAV. In 2000, the
U.S amplified the Predator drone in Afghanistan to
search for Osama Bin Laden. People started to
make small projects and after 2014, drones are used

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by the general public for photography, delivery,
video making and in many other sectors.[4]

2.2: UAV Companies

Drone industry is growing fast because of its diverse business options. There are more than 100
companies working on UAV.
➢ DJI- The future of possible
➢ Parrot
➢ Yuneec
➢ Kespry-Drones at Work
➢ AUTEL Robotics
➢ Skydio
➢ Delair-Aerial Intelligence
➢ Action Drone USA
➢ Intel
➢ Ambarella etc. [5]
\

2.3: Ongoing UAV projects

Drone delivery projects are very popular. Most of the UAVs are used to deliver medicine, foods,
packages etc. Some of the UAV projects are given below:
1. Project Wing
2. Amazon prime Air
3. Zipline - Rwanda Healthcare Drone Delivery Service
4. DHL Parcelcopter
5. Matternet M2
6. VTOL Wing-copter [6]

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2.3.1: Project Wing
World's largest tech giant google launched a drone delivery service called project wing. It
focuses on food, medical supplies and home deliveries. Its first real life delivery occurred in
2014. Its lightweight design enables the drones to fly up to 120 km/h with zero carbon emission.
It can fly up to 400 ft above from the ground. It uses a machine algorithm to find a suitable
location to drop the parcel. [7]
UAV Type: VTOL
Propellers: 14[12 Horizontal+2 vertical]
Payload: 1.5 kg
Airspeed: 120 km/h.
Flying distance:10 km [8]

Fig2.3.1: Project wing [7]

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2.3.2: DHL Parcelcopter
DHL was the world's first successful drone delivery service provider. The model given below is
the third-generation autonomous parcelcopter made by DHL in 2016, which can give delivery to
the customers through the wind and heavy snowfall of the Bavarian Alps.
Aircraft: Quadcopter
Payload:1.2 kg
Airspeed: 43km/h approx.
Control system: autonomous
Flying area: open sea
Location: Norddeich/juist
Flight distance: 12 km [11]

Fig2.3.2: DHL Parcelcopter [11]

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Chapter 3: Methodology

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3.1: Workflow
A basic workflow diagram of our proposed project is given below:

3.2: Proposed Design

We have designed our UAV model. So, this is basically how it would look like from the top. We
have used Solidworks software to create the design. Solidworks is a CAD 3D model designing
software. Here’s a picture of the model that we have built:

Fig 3.2 : Proposed Designed Hi-Lily model with Solidworks

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 3.3: Hardware Components
We are using locally available hardware with our necessary requirements. The list are given
below:
➢ Propeller (​12*4.0 inch Carbon Fiber 12 inch Propeller)
➢ Motor (​920KV Brushless Motor)
➢ ESC(​BLHeli Series 50A ESC)
➢ Flight Controller (​Ardupilot APM 2.8 Flight Controller)
➢ Power Module(​APM 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.52 Power Module)
➢ Receiver(​FlySky FS-i6 2.4G 6CH Transmitter With FS-iA6 Receiver)
➢ Frame ( Dji F330 Rc Quadcopter Frame)
➢ Battery(​3300mAh 3S 25C Lipo Battery)

Table 3.3 : Calculation of hardware components

Hardware Components Per unit Weight(gm) Actual Weight(gm)

Motor(4) 53 212

ESC(4) 41 164

Battery 298 298

Flight Controller 82 82

propeller(4) 14 56

Receiver & Power Module 50+22 72

Frame 450 450

Total: 1334 gm

To calculate the thrust of the motor, we use a software called Drive Calculator. In this software we have
to give the value of battery voltage, Motor Rpm, Propeller length and Esc current value. Then it will
generate the thrust per motor. Figure is given below:

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 Fig 3.3: Thrust Generator Software graph

From the above software, we can assume that the motor we have selected for our UAV will
generate 1200 gm thrust ​per motor.
So, 4 motor can generate (4*1200)=4800gm thrust.
Total Weight of the Drone= 1334gm ;[ from the chart we made]
So, It can lift=(4800-13334)gm= 3466 gm(MAX)

Thus the UAV must fly.

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3.4: Hardware Assemble
The hardware assembly process is discussed below:
➢ Motor will be connected to ESC(Electric Speed Controller). Each Motor has three Different
wires. These wires will be connected with the three wires of ESC’s . The wire connection
functions the motor to run clockwise or anticlockwise .
➢ The Esc will be connected to the Flight Controller Output pin. We can maximum connect 8 Esc
Or Motor pins with the flight controller..
➢ The Power Module has 3 different plug-ins. One will be connected to Flight Controller, another
will be connected to the Battery and last one will be connected to ESC.
➢ Receiver and Flight will connect through Wire.
➢ Battery will be connected to the Power Module.

Fig3.3: Hardware assemble

3.5: Hardware Software Integration

We will be using Ardupilot Software to integrate the hardware and software. Ardupilot is a flight
Controller generator.First of all we have to connect the (Ardupilot) Mission Planner to our flight
controller with the help of a laptop or device. Then we have to configure everything.In the
Mandatory hardware, we have to choose Frame type. In our case, it is a Quadcopter. Then we

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have to go to the Accel Calibration. Software will give some command and we have to perform
it. Like, Place the vehicle on it’s right side and we have to do it.

Fig 3.5.1: ArduPilot Software

Mission Commands
There are several different types of commands that can be used within missions.

1. Navigation commands: are used to control the movement of the vehicle.takeoff, landing.
Moving right-left, going forward and around waypoints, changing altitude and direction .
2. Condition commands: are used to delay DO commands until some condition is
met.example : the UAV reaches a certain altitude or distance from the waypoint.

The commands has to be indicated

Fig 3.5.2: Mission Commands of ArduPilot

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Chapter 4: Final Proposal

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4.1: Introduction
With the use of smartphone technology, the online food delivery market is growing really fast.
People can find varieties of food with their preferable price in just one platform. It reduces the
cost, saves more time and is easy to purchase. UAV delivery service is now on it’s starting point.
But it can be a big opportunity for the future market. Our web application focuses on user
satisfaction. We do have many online delivery applications available already but our system is
different because there are no human package carriers. Food delivery service regarding UAV is
completely new in our country. So, it can draw the focus point for the customers and also give a
new experience to them.

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4.2: Background
X-axis is show year and Y-axis is for the percent of
user adoption.
The growing statistics reflect the trend of online food
delivery systems. It is more popular as the apps are
more easy to use and more capable to fulfil the
customer needs rather than offline. There are also
some specific reasons why people like the online food
delivery system more. People can see the rating of
specific food along with their prices as it is easier for them to select the order. In this system,
people can choose more than one restaurant to order their favourite food and get the food at their
preferred location. [13]

Justification for the Proposed System:

1. Accuracy in handling dynamic data.
2. Fast delivery of order.
3. Errors can be minimized fast.
4. Environment friendly system.

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4.3: Methodology
The proposed system has following Software requirement specifications:
1. System needs to store the information of new food item details.
2. System needs to maintain a product quantity record.
3. System needs to update and delete records.
4. System needs to manage customer details.
5. System needs to maintain the data security.

4.3.1: ER Diagram
Our ER diagram is built with ERDPlus software . It is a simple look of how the functions are
connected to each other .User_Id is an unique key where an user can have a list of orders . in a
single order there can be many products. For the payment method we have chosen only Bikash
as in UAV delivery system it is problematic to have cash on delivery.

Fig 4.3.1: ER Diagram

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4.3.2: Relational Schema
Our Relational Schema shows the relation of the entities and attributes. For our user user id is the
primary key and phone number, email, password are required as an unique key. User id is the
foreign key for order and so on.

Fig 4.3.2: Relational Schema

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Chapter 5: Results and Discussions

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5.1:Results
Our Web application is built in a user friendly way, so that the users can easily come to the site
and order their favourite items. The user data is secure in our database. Easy for restaurant
owners to join in our ecosystem. Here is a demo figure of our web application.
Front-End Development :
1. HTML5
2. CSS3 (Stylesheet)
3. BootStrap 4( CSS Framework)
Database:
1.MySQL
2.PHP(For connecting the database with the front end part)

Fig 5.1: Login page of Hi-Lily online Food Delivery System

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5.2: Discussion
In this project we had initially planned to build a hardware project of UAV. The project was
running smoothly but because of the uncertain pandemic situation we couldn't continue with the
hardware building part so we had to shift from hardware to a software project which is basically
an online food delivery application using our hi-lily UAV drone. Our software is similar to the
other softwares available in the market but however we are offering the touch of digital
technology to our users. The old human delivery is now more costly and has a high risk of
spreading the pandemic, so we hope our solution will be appreciated by many users . Our motive
is to overthrow the traditional delivery system to an automatic delivery system.

From today's perspective the use of UAV delivery systems can be effective in both urban and
Rural areas.
1. It can provide urgent shipment of the foods and even prevent human-human interaction .
2. It can also provide food in places where outsiders are not allowed for the safety purpose.

There are some factors that tan impact the performance of our UAV:
1. If it is raining then we might initially turn off the service as our technology is not
suitable to fly in a rainy place.
2. The main disadvantage we found in our UAV system is that it has to do time
consuming task. As recharge is a big issue for the system to fly so, the uav cannot go to a far
distance.

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 Conclusion

To conclude, our system is unique as we are coming up with this new technology of Unmanned
Aerial Delivery Vehicle(UAV) system which is now a very popular attraction for the users. In
our country, it can bring a huge change in economic evolution and both in technology invention.
This can also bring happiness to the kids and customers as the UAV attracts the eyes and
captures the attention. In a pandemic situation like Covid-19 our system can actually be very
helpful as it provides the products without any human interaction. The study of this system
ensures that the project will be helpful for both humans and the environment .

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References:

1. ​Mario​, Drone vs UAV and important shortcuts? | Tips For Drones,

https://tipsfordrones.com/drone-vs-uav-and-other-shortcuts/
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[Accessed 11 March 2020].
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Published date: 06.16.2019
https://consortiq.com/media-centre/blog/short-history-unmanned-aerial-vehicles-uavs
5. Top 100 Drone Companies to Watch in 2020 | UAV Coach
​https://uavcoach.com/drone-companies/
6. Fintan Corrigan, Drones For Deliveries From Medicine To Post, Packages And Pizza
https://www.dronezon.com/drones-for-good/drone-parcel-pizza-delivery-service/
7. Project Wing: A cheat sheet on Alphabet's drone delivery project
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/project-wing-a-cheat-sheet/
8. Google project Wing – Drone Delivery with Demo at X
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skCrp714cEy
9. CO2 emissions from cars: facts and figures (infographics) | News | European Parliament
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20190313STO31218/co2-emi
ssions-from-cars-facts-and-figures-infographics​ ​[Accessed 10 March 2020].
10. X, the moonshot factory. 2020. ​X - Wing​. [online] Available at:
<​https://x.company/projects/wing​> [Accessed 11 March 2020].

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11. DHL drone delivery and parcelcopter technology | Discover DHL | Discover.dhl.com
https://discover.dhl.com/business/business-ethics/parcelcopter-drone-technology [Accessed 9
March 2020].
12. Digital Food Delivery Apps Revolutionizing Food Products Marketing in India|
September 2019

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336036099_Digital_Food_Delivery_Apps_Rev
olutionizing_Food_Products_Marketing_in_India

13. Project report on online food ordering system, Thesis for Computer Science|
shahriar-roknuzzaman​| 14 October 2019
https://www.docsity.com/en/project-report-on-online-food-ordering-system/5056436/

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