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    1028068659

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    1028068659

    Uploaded by

    m.amr.sharkawy
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    1028068659

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    Answer Key

    Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

    1. D) All of the above


    2. C) Experiment
    3. C) Dopamine
    4. B) Informed Consent
    5. B) Observable behavior
    6. B) Involuntary bodily functions
    7. B) Regulation of body temperature and hunger
    8. C) Social-Cultural
    9. B) Independent variable
    10. B) Studying the same group of individuals over several years
    11. D) Sympathetic Nervous System
    12. B) Serotonin
    13. B) A clear, measurable definition of a variable
    14. B) Any consequence that strengthens a behavior
    15. B) Control group
    16. B) Humanistic
    17. B) A variable that can affect the outcome of the study but is not controlled
    18. C) Cortisol
    19. A) Assimilation
    20. B) Case Study
    21. A) A change in behavior due to expectations of receiving treatment
    22. B) Provide participants with information about the study after it is
    completed
    23. B) To connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain
    24. A) The state of having conflicting thoughts or beliefs
    25. C) Belief in the inherent goodness of people

    Criterion D: Short Response Questions

    1. Explain how surveys and experiments differ as research tools in psychology.


    Include examples and ethical considerations.
    Surveys gather data from participants by asking questions, either through interviews or
    questionnaires, to explore attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. For instance, a survey might be
    used to study public opinions about mental health. Surveys are cost-effective and allow
    for broad data collection but cannot determine causality.
    Experiments manipulate one or more variables to observe effects on behavior, thus
    establishing cause-and-effect relationships. For example, testing whether sleep
    deprivation affects memory retention involves manipulating sleep levels (independent
    variable) and measuring memory performance (dependent variable).
    Ethical guidelines such as informed consent ensure participants are fully aware of the
    study's nature, while debriefing helps clarify the study's purpose post-participation. Both
    maintain the study's integrity and protect participants' rights.

    2. Design a simple experiment to study the effect of studying environment (e.g., quiet
    vs. noisy) on test anxiety levels.

     Independent Variable: Studying environment (quiet vs. noisy).


     Dependent Variable: Test anxiety levels, measured through a validated anxiety
    scale.
    Procedure: Recruit participants and randomly assign them to study in either a
    quiet or noisy environment for a set duration. After studying, administer a
    standardized test and record anxiety levels. Ensure ethical practices by informing
    participants about the experiment and debriefing them afterward.

    3. Describe confounding variables and discuss their challenges in psychological


    research. Provide an example.
    Confounding variables are uncontrolled variables that influence both the independent and
    dependent variables, potentially skewing results. They pose challenges by making it
    difficult to determine whether observed effects are due to the manipulated variable or the
    confounding one.
    Example: In a study on the effect of exercise on mood, participants' diet could be a
    confounding variable since it also impacts mood. Controlling such variables is essential
    to ensure valid conclusions.

    4. Discuss how an experimental study might be ethically conducted to evaluate the


    impact of a new teaching method on students' test performance.
    To evaluate a new teaching method, divide students into two groups: one using the new
    method and the other using traditional methods. Administer the same test to both groups
    and compare performance.
    Ethical Considerations:

     Informed Consent: Obtain permission from students and guardians, explaining


    the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks.
     Debriefing: After the experiment, provide participants with a summary of the
    findings and address questions.
    Additionally, ensure confidentiality, anonymity, and the right to withdraw without
    consequences

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