Unit:-1(Electrostatics)

Very Short Answer:-

101. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field. (i) Show that the net force facing on it is
zero. (ii) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. Find the work done in rotating it through the
angle of 180°.
102. A metal sphere has a charge of - 6uC. When 5x1012 electrons are removed from the sphere,
what would be net charge on it?

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103. Two point charges qA = +3 mC and qB = –3 mC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum. What is

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the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges?
Short Answer:-
104 .A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volt. A charge of 360

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uC is stored in it. When the potential across the capacitor is reduced by 120 V, the charge stored
in the capacitor becomes 120 uC. Calculate V and the unknown capacitance. What would have
been the charge on the capacitor if the voltage were increased by 120 V?

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105.A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential V. It is then connected to

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another uncharged capacitor having the same capacitance. Find out the ratio of energy stored in
the combined system to that stored initially in the single capacitor.

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106.Four charges +q, -q, +q and -q are to be arranged respectively at the four corners of a square
ABCD of side a. (a) Find the work required to put together this arrangement.
(b) A charge qo, is brought to the centre of the square, the four charges being held fixed. How
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much extra work is needed to do this?
107.A 12 pF capacitor is connected to a 50 V battery. How much electrostatic energy is stored in
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the capacitor? If another capacitor of 6 pF is connected in series with it with the same battery
connected across the combination, find the charge stored and potential difference across each
capacitor.
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Long Answer type Questions

108.(a) Define electric flux. Write its SI units.
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(b) Using Gauss's law, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet is independent of the distance from it.
(c) How is the field directed if (i) the sheet is positively charged, (ii) negatively charged?
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109.(i)Two point charges q and -2q are kept d distance apart. Find the location of the point relative
to charge q at which potential due to this system of charges is zero.
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(ii)Deduce an expression for the electric potential due to an electric dipole at any point on its axis.
Mention one contrasting feature of electric potential of a dipole at a point as compared to that due
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to a single charge.
110.(i)Define an equipotential surface. Draw equipotential surfaces due to an electric dipole.
(ii) A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the plates of a parallel plate
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capacitor but has thickness d/2, where d is the separation between the plates. Find the expression
for the capacitance when the slab is inserted between the plates.
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111.Drive the expression for the torque acting on an electric dipole when it is held in a uniform
electric field. Identify the orientation of dipole in the electric field, in which it attains stable
equilibrium
Unit:2(Current Electricity)

Very Short Answer

201. Observations on a given device yielded the following current voltage data

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Current (A) Voltage (V)

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1.0 19.7
2.0 39.4

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3.0 59.1
4.0 78.8
5.0 98.5

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Draw v-i graph using above data. What conclusion can you draw from the graph with regard to the

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ohmic and non ohmic nature of the device?
202. Define mobility of electrons in a conductor. How does electron mobility change when the
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temperature of the conductor is decreased?
203. State the two Kirchhoff's laws. Explain briefly, how these rules are justified?
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Short Answer
204. Explain the term drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for
current through a conductor in terms of drift velocity.
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205.(i) Define the temperature coefficient of resistance.

(ii) The variation of resistance of metallic conductors with the temperature is shown in the figure.
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Calculate the temperature coefficient of resistance from the graph

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(iii) State why resistance of the conductor increases with the rise in temperature.
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206. The potential difference applied across a given conductor is doubled. How will this affect (i)
mobility of electrons and (ii) the current density in conductor? Justify your answers.
Long Answer type
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207. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw
the plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) resistance R and (ii) current I.
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It is found that when R = 4 ohm4ohm, the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 ohm9ohm,
the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find the values of the emf E and internal resistance r.
208. (i) State and prove Wheatstone bridge condition.
(ii) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from one end to the other, is connected
across a battery of V volts. Which of the following quantities remain constant in the wire? (a) Drift
speed. (b) Current density. (c) Electric current. (d) Electric field. Justify your answer.
209. Define current density and relaxation time. Derive an expression for resistivity of conductor in
terms of number density of charge carriers in the conductor and relaxation time.
Unit: 3 (Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism)
Very Short Answer

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301.Derive an expression for magnetic force F acting on a straight conductor of length L carrying
current I in an external magnetic field B. Is it valid when the conductor is in zig-zag form? Justify.

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302.The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 0.9853.Identify the type of magnetic material. Draw
the modification of the field pattern on keeping a piece of this material in a uniform magnetic field.
303.A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and rewound to make

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another coil of radius R/2, current I remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic
moments of the new coil and the original coil.

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Short Answer

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304. Two long straight parallel conductors carrying currents, exert a force on each other. Why?
Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two long straight parallel Conductors
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carrying currents in opposite directions.
305. (a) The velocities of two alpha particles A and B entering a uniform magnetic field normally
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are in the ratio of 4 : 1. What will be the ratio of their radii?
(b) A straight wire of length, carrying current I stays suspended in mid air in a region, where there
is a uniform magnetic field B. The linear mass density of wire is ʎ . Obtain the magnitude and
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direction of the field.

306. Derive an expression for the magneticfor magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
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carrying circular loop.

Long Answer type
307. Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. Describe briefly its principle and
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working. Why is it necessary to introduce a cylindrical soft iron core inside the coil of a
galvanometer?
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308. State Ampere’s circuital law. Consider a long straight wire of circular cross section ‘a’ carrying
study current ‘I’ .The current ‘I’ is uniformly distributed across this cross section. Using Ampere's
Circuital law, find the magnetic field in the region r<a and r >a.
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309. Using Biot- Savart’s law, derive an expression for the magnetic for magnetic field at any point
on the axial line of current carrying a circular loop. Hence, find the magnitude find magnitude of
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magnetic field intensity at the centre of the circular coil.

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Unit:4(EMI & AC)

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Very Short Answer

401. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an AC circuit containing an ideal
capacitor.
402. Current in a circuit falls steadily from 2.0 A to 0.0 A in 10 ms. If an average emf of 200 V is
induced, then calculate the self-inductance of the circuit.
403.An alternating voltage given by V = 70 sin (100wt), Is Connected across a pure resistor of 25
ohm. Find:(i) the frequency of the source. ii) the rms current through the resistor.
Short Answer
404.The current flowing through an inductor of self inductance L is continuously increasing. Plot
the graph showing variation of
(a) magnetic flux versus the current
(b) induced EMF versus dI/dt.
(c.)magnetic potential energy stored versus current.
405 An inductor L of inductance XL, is connected in series with a bulb B and an AC source. How
would the brightness would brightness of the bulb change when (i) number of turns in the inductor
is reduced, (ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor and (iii) a capacitor of reactance Xc = XL is
inserted in series in the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
406.(i) State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

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(ii) State the law that gives the polarity of induced emf.
Long Answer type

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407. A sinusoidal voltage is applied to an electric circuit containing a circuit element 'X in which the
current leads the voltage by π/2
(a) Identify the circuit element 'X' in the circuit.

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(b) Write the formula for its reactance.
(c) Show graphically the variation of this reactance with frequency of ac voltage.

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408.State the principle of an AC generator and explain its working with the help of a labelled
diagram. Obtain the expression for the emf induced in a coil having N turns each of

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cross-sectional area A, rotating with a constant angular speed in a magnetic field (B), directed

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perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
409.With the help of a labelled diagram describe briefly the underlying principle and working of
step up transformer. Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer. A step-up transformer
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converts low input voltage into high output voltage. Does the violet law of conservation of energy
explain it?
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Unit:5(EM Waves)
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Very Short Answer

501.How is an electromagnetic wave produced? Sketch a schematic diagram depicting the electric
and magnetic fields for an electromagnetic wave propagating along z- axis
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502. Name the electromagnetic radiation having wavelength range 1 mm to 700 nm. Give its two
important applications.
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Short Answer
503. Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
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(i) Suitable for RADAR systems in aircraft navigations.

(ii) Used to treat muscular strain.
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(iii) Used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.

504.The electric field in an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by :
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E=(6.3 N/C)[cos(1.5 rad/m)y + (4.5x 10^8 rad/s)t] i

(a) Find the wavelength and frequency of the wave.
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(b) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field of the wave?

(c) Write an expression for the magnetic field of this wave
505.A capacitor, made of two parallel plates each of plate area A and separation d, is being
charged by an external ac source. Show that the displacement current inside the capacitor is the
same as the current charging the capacitor.
506. (a) Name the e.m. waves which are suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation.
Write the range of frequency of these waves.
(b) An e.m. a wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify.
Unit:6 (Optics)
(Very Short Answer
601. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of the image of image and magnification. Describe what happens as the needle is moved

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further from the mirror.
602. Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction

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through a single slit.
603. Find the intensity at a point on a screen in Young's double slit experiment where the
interfering waves of equal intensity have a path difference of (i) ʎ/4 and. (ii) ʎ/3.

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Short Answer
604. The radius of curvature of the convex mirror is 30 cm. It forms an image of an o object which
is half the size of the object. Find the separation between object and the image.

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605.Under what conditions does a phenomenon of total internal reflection takes place? Draw a ray

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diagram showing how an array how array of light deviate 90 degree after passing through a right
through right angled isosceles prism.
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606. A Ray of light is reflected through a glass prism to obtain an expression for refractive index of
glass in terms of angle of prism (A) and angle of minimum deviation.
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Long Answer type
607.(a) Define a wave front.
(b) Draw the diagram to show the shape of the plane wave front as they pass through (i) a thin
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prism and (ii) a thin convex lens. State the nature of refracted wave front.
(c) Verify Snell's law of refraction using Huygens's principle.
608.(a) State two main considerations taken into account while choosing the objective of an
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astronomical telescope.
(b) Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State its magnifying power.
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(c) State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over the refracting type?
609. (i) What is the effect on interference fringes to a Young Double Slit Experiment when
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(a) The width of the source slit is increased?

(b) The monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? Justify your answer in each
case.
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(ii) The intensity at the Central Maxima in Young's double slit experiment setup is Io. Show that the
intensity at the point, where the path difference is Io/3 is Io/4.
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610. Figure shows a convex spherical surface with centre of curvature C, separating the two
media of refractive indices and n1 and n2. Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of the image
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of a point object O lying on the principal axis. Derive the relationship between the object and
image distance in terms of refractive indices of the media and radius of curvature R on the
surface.
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Unit:7(Dual Nature)
Very Short Answer
701. Obtain the expression for maximum kinetic energy of the electrons emitted from a metal
surface in terms of frequency of the incident radiation and the threshold frequency.
702.Draw a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiations
in relation to photoelectric effect. Deduce the expression for the slope of this graph using
Einstein's photoelectric equation.

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703. Define the terms threshold frequency and stopping potential in photoelectric effect. Plot a

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graph of photocurrent versus anode potential for a radiation of frequency (f) and intensity I1 and I2
(I1<I2)
Short Answer

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704.(a) State two important features of Einstein photoelectric equation.
(b) Radiation of frequency 10^15 hertz is incident on to photosensitive surfaces P and Q. There is
no photo emission from surface P photoemission occurs from surface Q but photo electrons have

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zero kinetic energy. Explain these observations and find the value of work function for surface Q.

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705. Explain giving reasons for the following:
(a) Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident
radiation.
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(b) The stopping potential (V) varies linearly with the frequency (v) of the incident radiation for a
given photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.
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706. A student performs an experiment on Photoelectric effect using two materials A and B .A plot
Vo versus frequency is given in the figure.
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(i) Which material A or B has a higher work function?

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(ii) Find the value of h obtained from the experiment for both A and B. Comment on whether it isit
is is consistent with the Einstein's theory.
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Long Answer type

707.(a) Explain how does (i) photoelectric current and (ii) kinetic energy of photoelectron emitted
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in a photocell, if the frequency of incident radiation is doubled but keeping the intensity same?.
Show graphical variation in above two cases.
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(b) The work function of Cs is 2.14 eV. Find threshold (i) frequency for Cs and (ii) wavelength of
incident light if photo current is brought to zero by stopping potential of 0.6 volt.
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Unit:8(Atoms and Nuclei)

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Very Short Answer

801. Write two important limitations of the Rutherford nuclear model of the atom.
802. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Mark
the regions where the nuclear force is
(i) Attractive and (ii) repulsive.
803. Calculate the shortest wavelength of the spectral lines emitted in Balmer series. Given
Rydberg constant R is equal to 10^7 per metre.
Short Answer
804. The energy levels of an atom of element are shown in the given diagram. Which one of the
level transitions will result in the emission of photons of wavelength 620 nm? Support your answer
with mathematical calculations.

805. In the ground state of a hydrogen atom, its radius is given as 5.3 x 10^-11 m. The atom is
excited such that the radius becomes 21.2x 10^-11m.

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Find (i) the value of principal quantum number and

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(ii) Total energy of the atom in this excited state.
806. (i) What characteristics property of the nuclear force explain the consistency of binding
energy per nucleon (BE/A) in the range of mass number a line 30 < A <170?

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(ii) Show that the density of nucleus over a wide range of nuclei is constant and independent of
mass number A.
Long Answer type

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807.(i) Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion giving an example of each.

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(ii) Explain the release of energy in nuclear fusion and fusion on the basis of binding energy per
nucleon curve.

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(iii) How long can an electric lamp of 100 watt be kept glowing by fusion of 2 kg of deuterium?
Take fusion reaction as
1H +1H —> 2He +n + 3.27 MeV
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Unit:9 (Semiconductor Devices)
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Very Short Answer

901. Draw energy band diagram for an n -type and p- type semiconductor at T>0K.
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902. Distinguish between ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ semiconductors.

903. What is meant by doping of an intrinsic semiconductor? Name the two types of atom used for
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doping Ge and Si.

Short Answer
904. Explain the roles of diffusion current and drift current in the formation of depression layer in a
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PN -junction diode.
905. In a pure semiconductor crystal of Si, if antimony is added then what type of extrinsic
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semiconductor is obtained? Draw the energy band diagram of this extrinsic semiconductor so
formed.
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906. Draw energy band diagram of n- type and p- type semiconductor at temperature T>0K. Mark
the donor and acceptor energy level with their energies.
Long Answer type
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907.(a) State briefly the processes involved in the formation of p-n junction explaining clearly how
the depletion region is formed.
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(b) Using the necessary circuit diagrams, show how the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction are
obtained in (i) Forward biasing. (ii) Reverse biasing. How these characteristics are made use of in
rectification?
908. Draw the circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier. Explain its working showing its input and
output waveform.
909. Write any two distinguishing features between conductor semiconductor and insulator on the
basis of energy band diagrams.