Solved Paper 2016

Physics
Class-XII
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D, and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value based question of four marks and Section E
contains three questions of five marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question
of three marks and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :
c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
µ0 = 4π × 10–7 T m A–1
ε0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2
1
= 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4 πε 0

Mass of electron (me) = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
Mass of proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1

Delhi Set I Code No. 55/1/1/D

SECTION -A Ans. A current carrying coil, in the presence of mag-

netic field, experiences a torque, which produces
1. A point charge +Q is placed at point O as shown
proportionate deflection.
in the figure. Is the potential difference VA – VB
positive, negative or zero? 1 [Alternatively
(deflection) q a t (Torque)]  1
+Q
O A B  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Ans. Positive [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 4. Why are microwaves considered suitable for
2. How does the electric flux due to a point charge radar systems used in aircraft navigation? 1
enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface get Ans. Due to their short wavelengths, (they are suit-
affected when its radius is increased? 1 able for radar system used in aircraft navigation).
Ans. Electric flux remains unaffected.  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
[NOTE: (As per the Hindi translation), change in 5. Define 'quality factor' of resonance in series LCR
Electric field is being asked, hence give credit if circuit. What is its SI unit? 1
student write answer as decreases]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 ω
0
Ans. Quality factor Q = ,
3. Write the underlying principle of a moving coil 2 ∆ω
galvanometer.1
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

[Alternatively Binding energy of two fragments

ωL = 2 × 120 × 8.5 MeV
0
Quality factor Q = , Alternatively, It gives
R Energy released = 240 (8.5 – 7.6) MeV
the sharpness of the resonance circuit.] It has no = 240 × 0.9
unit.  1 = 216 MeV  2
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
OR
SECTION -B
Calculation of Energy in the fusion Reaction 2
* 6. Explain the terms (i) Attenuation and (ii) Total Binding energy of Initial System
2 2
Demodulation used in Communication System.2 i.e. 1H + 1H = (2.23 + 2.23) MeV
7. Plot a graph showing variation of de-Broglie = 4.46 MeV
1 Binding energy of Final System i.e. 23He
wavelength λ versus , where V is accelerating
V = 7.73 MeV
potential for two particles A and B carrying same Hence energy released
charge but of masses m1, m2 (m1 > m2). Which one = 7.73 MeV– 4.46 MeV
of the two represents a particle of smaller mass = 3.27 MeV
and why? 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 2
Ans. Plotting of graph  ½+½ 9. Two cells of emfs 1.5 V and 2.0 V having internal
Identification of line representing lower mass resistances 0.2 Ω and 0.3 Ω respectively are
½ connected in parallel. Calculate the emf and
Reason  ½ internal resistance of the equivalent cell. 2
m2
Ans. Calculation of emf 1
Calculation of internal resistance 1
m1
λ E r +E r
1 2 2 1
E. M. F =  ½
r +r
1 2

1.5 × 0.3 + 2 × 0.2

= V
0.2 + 0.3
1
V  1 0.45 + 0.40
= V = 1.7 V ½
h 0.5 
As l = ½
2meV  rr
1 2
r = ½
As the charge of two particles is same, therefore r +r
 1 2
λ 1 1
α i.e. slope α ½ 0.2 × 0.3
 1  m m  = Ω
  0.2 + 0.3
 V
0.06
Hence, particle with lower mass (m2) will have = Ω ½
0.5
greater slope.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = 0.12 W
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
8. A nucleus with mass number A = 240 and
BE/A = 7.6 MeV breaks into two fragments each 10. State Brewster's law.
of A = 120 with BE/A = 8.5 MeV. Calculate the
The value of Brewster angle for a transparent
released energy. medium is different for light of different colours.
OR Give reason.

Calculate the energy in fusion reaction :
Ans. Statement of Brewster’s Law 1
2 2 3 2
1H + 1H → 2He + n, where BE of 1H = 2.23 MeV
Reason of different value  1
3
and of 2He = 7.73 MeV. 2 When unpolarised light is incident on the surface
Ans. Calculation of energy released 2 separating two media, the reflected light gets
Binding energy of nucleus with mass number (completely) polarized only when the reflected
240, light and refracted light become perpendicular to
Ebn = 240 × 7.6 MeV each other.  1

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

[ Alternatively: λx
If the student draws the diagram, as shown, and = (2 πa )  ½
4 πε r 3
writes ip as the polarizing angle, award this 1 0

mark. 1 Qx
= ,
If the student just writes m = tan ip, award half 4 πε 3
0 2 2 2
mark only.] (x + a )
where total charge Q = l × 2 pa
At large distance i.e., x>>a ½
1 Q
E  . ½
4 πε x 2
0 
This is the electric field due to a point charge at
distance x.
 ½ (NOTE : Award two marks for this question, if a
The refractive index of denser medium, with re- student attempts this question but does not give
the complete answer)
spect to rarer medium, is given by m = tan ip
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Since Refractive index (m) of a transparent medi-
um is different for different colours, hence Brew- 12. Write three characteristic features in photoelectric
ster angle is different for different colours. ½ effect which cannot be explained on the basis of
wave theory of light, but can be explained only
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
using Einstein's equation. 3

SECTION - C Ans. Three characteristic features  1+1+1

The three characteristic features which can’t be
11. A charge is distributed uniformly over a ring of explained by wave theory are:  1
radius 'a'. Obtain an expression for the electric (i) Kinetic energy of emitted electrons are found
intensity E at a point on the axis of the ring. Hence to be independent of intensity of incident
show that for points at large distances from the light.  1
ring, it behaves like a point charge. 3 (ii) Below a certain frequency (threshold) there
Ans. Obtaining an expression for electric field is no photo-emission.  1
intensity 2 (iii) S
 pontaneous emission of photo-electrons.
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Showing behaviour at large distance 1
dq
13.
(a) W rite the expression for the magnetic force
+ + + acting on a charged particle moving with
+ + d Esinθ velocity v in the presence of magnetic field
+ a + r
dE B.
+ +
+ + θ d Ecosθ + d Ecosθ
(b) A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle
+ + x θ moving with equal velocities, enter a
P
+ + dE
uniform magnetic field going into the plane
+ + d Esinθ
+ + of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in
+ + + the field and justify your answer. 3
dq ½ X X X X X X
2 πa 
Net Electric Field at point P = ∫0 dE cos θ
X X X X X X
dE = Electric field due to a small element n
having charge dq X X X X X X
1 dq e
=  ½
4 πε r 2 X X X X X X

0

Let l = Linear charge density Ans. (a) Expression for the magnetic force 1
dq (b) Trace of paths ½+½+½
=  ½

dl Justification ½
→ → →
dq = ldl (a) = q(V × B )  1
F
2 πa 1 λdl x x
Hence E = ∫0 . × , where cos θ =
4 πε r 2 r r
(Give Full credit of this part even if a student
writes:
0
F = qVB sin q and
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Force (F) acts perpendicular to the plane contain- (i)  alculate capacitance of each capacitor if
C
→ → equivalent capacitance of the combination
ing V and B ) ½ is 4 µF.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference between
(b) X X X X the plates of X and Y.
(iii) 
Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy
α X X X X stored in X and Y. 3
Ans. (i) Calculation of capacitance of each capacitor
n X X X X  ½+½
(ii) Calculation of potential difference
X X X X  ½+½
e –1
(iii) Estimation of ratio of electrostatic energy 1
X X X X
(i) Let CX = C

Justification : Direction of force experienced by  Y = 4C (as it has a dielectric medium of er
C
the particle will be according to the Fleming's Left = 4)
hand rule/(any other alternative correct rule.) ½
For series combination of two capacitors
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
1 1 1
14. (i) Define mutual inductance. = +
C C C
X Y
(ii)  A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual
inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil 1 1 1
changes from 0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the ⇒ = +
4µF C 4C
change of flux linkage with the other coil?3
Ans.
(i) Definition of mutual inductance 1 1 5
=
(ii) Calculation of change of flux linkage 2 4µF 4C
(i) Magnetic flux, linked with the secondary ⇒ C = 5mF
coil due to the unit current flowing in the
Hence CX = 5mF
primary coil, φ2 = MI1
[Alternatively  1 CY = 20mF 1
Induced emf associated with the secondary (ii) Total charge Q = CV
coil, for a unit rate of change of current in = 4mF × 15 V = 60mC
dI
the primary coil. e2 = – M 1 ] Q 60µC
VX = = = 12 V 1
dt C 5µF
X
[ Also accept the definition of Mutual
Q 60µC
Induction, as per the Hindi translation of VY = = = 3V
the question] C 20µF
Y
[i.e. the phenomenon of production of
induced emf in one coil due to change in Q2
current in neighbouring coil] E 2C C 20
x X Y
(ii) Change of flux linkage (iii) = 2
= = = 4 : 1 1
E Q C 5
y X
dφ = M dl 1
2C
= 1.5 × (20 – 0)W ½ Y

= 30 weber ½ (Also accept any other correct alternative

 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] method)
15. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y have the same [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
area of plates and same separation between them. 16. Two long straight parallel conductors carry steady
X has air between the plates while Y contains a current I1 and I2 separated by a distance d. If the
dielectric medium of εr = 4. currents are flowing in the same direction, show
X Y
how the magnetic field set up in one produces an
attractive force on the other. Obtain the expression
for this force. Hence define one ampere. 3
Ans. Diagram showing attractive force on other wire.
 1
Obtaining an expression for force. 1
+ – Definition of one ampere. 1
15 V
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

Where φE is the electric flux produced during

d
charging of the capacitor plates. 3
Ans.
Production of em waves 1
a
Drawing of sketch of linearly polarized em
b
waves1
F21 Indication of directions of oscillating electric
and magnetic fields ½+½
L A charge oscillating with some frequency,
produces an oscillating electric field in space,
I1
which in turn produces an oscillating magnetic
Ba field perpendicular to the electric field, this
I2
 1 process goes on repeating, producing em waves
As shown in Figure, the direction of force on con- in space perpendicular to both the fields.  1
ductor b is attractive x
[Alternatively: E
→
B at a point on wire 2, is along – k̂
z
→ →
\ F , on wire 2, due to the B , is along – i , i.e.
y B
towards wire1. Hence the force is attractive.
Y 1
→ →
Directions of E and B are perpendicular to
I1 I2 each other and also perpendicular to direction of
d X propagation of em waves.  1
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Z
OR
Maxwell’s generalization of Ampere’s Circuital
law1
Magnetic field, due to current in conductor a,
Showing that current produced, within the plates
µ I dφ
B1 = 0 1  ½ E
2 πd of a capacitor is i = ε 2
o dt
The magnitude of force on a length L of conduc-
Ampere’s circuital law is given by as
tor b,
→ →
F2 = I2LB1 φ B . dl = moic

µ II L
F2 = 0 1 2  ½ But for a circuit containing capacitor, during
2 πd its charging / discharging the current within
One ampere is that steady current which, when the plates of the capacitor varies, (producing
maintained in each of the two very long, straight, displacement current id). Therefore, the above
parallel conductors, placed one meter apart equation, as generalized by Maxwell, is given as
in vacuum, would produce on each of these → →
φ B . dl = m0ic + m0id
conductors a force equal to 2 × 10–7 newton per
meter of their length. 1 During the process of charging of capacitor,
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] electric flux (φE) between the plates of capacitor
changes with time, which produces the current
17. How are em waves produced by oscillating
within the plates of capacitor. This current, being
charges?
dφ
Draw a sketch of linearly polarized em waves proportional to E
, we have
propagating in the Z-direction. Indicate the dt
directions of the oscillating electric and magnetic dφ
fields. i= ε E
 3
OR
o dt
Write Maxwell's generalization of Ampere's  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Circuital Law. Show that in the process of
* 18.
(a) E
 xplain any two factors which justify the
charging a capacitor, the current produced within
need of modulating a low frequency signal.
dφ (b) 
Write two advantages of frequency
the plates of the capacitor is i = ε0 E
dt modulation over amplitude modulation. 3
* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

* 19. (i)
 rite the functions of three segments of a
W (ii) F
ind the relation between the three
transistor. wavelength λ1, λ2 and λ3 from the energy
(ii) Draw the circuit diagram for studying the level diagram shown below.
input and output characteristics of n-p-n C
transistor in common emitter configuration.
Using the circuit, explain how input, output
characteristics are obtained. 3 λ1 λ3
B
20. (a) Calculate the distance of an object of λ2
height h from a concave mirror of radius of
A 3
curvature 20 cm, so as to obtain a real image
of magnification 2. Find the location of Ans. (i) Statement of Bohr’s quantization condition
image also. ½
(b)  Using mirror formula, explain why does de- Broglie explanation of stationary orbits  1
a convex mirror always produce a virtual
(ii) Relation between λ1, λ2 λ3  1½
image.  3
(i) Only those orbits are stable for which the
Ans. (a) Calculation of distance of an object and loca-
angular momentum, of revolving electron, is an
tion of image 2
h
(b) Reason for virtual image, through convex integral multiple of .
2π
mirror1
(a) Given R = – 20 cm, and magnification m = – 2 [Alternatively
R nh
Focal length of the mirror f = = – 10 cm L = i.e. angular momentum of orbiting
2 2π
1 1 1 electron is quantized.] ½
⇒ − = +
10 2u u According to de-Broglie hypothesis
⇒ u = – 15 cm h
Linear momentum (p) =
\ v = 2 × – 15 cm = – 30 cm2 λ
v
Magnification (m) = − And for circular orbit L = rnp where 'rn' is the ra-
u
dius of quantized orbits.
v rh
–2= − =  ½
u λ
⇒ v = 2u
nh
Using mirror formula Also L=
2π
1 1 1
= +
f v u rh nh
\ =
λ 2p
1 1 1
(b) = +
f v u ⇒ 2prn = nl

Using sign convention, for convex mirror, we \ Circumference of permitted orbits are integral
have multiples of the wave-length l.
f > 0, u < 0 hc
(ii) EC – E B = ...(i) ½
From the formula λ
1
1 1 1
= − hc
v f u EB – E A = ...(ii) ½
λ
2
Q f is positive and u is negative,
⇒ v is always positive, hence image is always hc
EC – E A = ...(iii) ½
virtual.1 λ
3
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]v
Adding (i) & (ii)
21. (i) tate Bohr's quantization condition for
S hc hc
defining stationary orbits. How does de EC – E A = +  ...(iv)
λ λ
Broglie hypothesis explain the stationary 1 2

orbits?

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

Using equation (iii) and (iv) (ii) Meeta’s father explained that the traffic light is
hc hc hc made up of tiny bulbs called light emitting diodes
= + (LED) 1
λ λ λ
3 1 2 (Also accept other relevant answers)
1 1 1 (iii) Light emitting diode :
⇒ = +  ½ These diodes (LED’s) operate under forward
λ λ λ
3 1 2
bias, due to which the majority charge carriers
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] are sent from these majority zones to minority
zones. Hence recombination occur near the junc-
22. Draw a schematic ray diagram of reflecting tion boundary, which releases energy in the form
telescope showing how rays coming from a of photons of light. 2
distant object are received at the eye-piece. Write  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
its two important advantages over a refracting
telescope.3 SECTION - E
Ans. Drawing of schematic ray diagram 2 24. (i)  n a.c. source of voltage V = V0 sin ωt is
A
Two advantages ½+½ connected to a series combination of L, C
and R. Use the phasor diagram to obtain
Objective
mirror expressions for impedance of the circuit and
Secondary
mirror phase angle between voltage and current.
Find the condition when current will be in
Eyepiece phase with the voltage. What is the circuit is
this condition called?
2 (ii) In a series LR circuit XL = R and power
(i) Large gathering power factor of the circuit is P1. When capacitor
(ii) Large magnifying power with capacitance C such that XL = XCPis 2.
(iii) No chromatic aberration  ½ put in series, the power factor becomes
(iv) Spherical aberration is also removed  ½ P
Calculate 1 .
(v) Easy mechanical support P2
(vi) Large resolving power (Any two)
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] OR
(i)  rite the function of a transformer. State
W
SECTION -D its principle of working with the help of a
diagram. Mention various energy losses in
23. Meeta's father was driving her to the school. At this device.
the traffic signal she noticed that each traffic light (ii) The primary coil of an ideal step up

was made of many tiny lights instead of a single transformer has 100 turns and transformation
bulb. When Meeta asked this question to her ratio is also 100. The input voltage and
father, he explained the reason for this.
power are respectively 220 V and 1100 W.
Answer the following questions based on above Calculate :
information:
(a) number of turns in secondary
(i)  hat were the values displayed by Meeta
W
(b) current in primary
and her father?
(c) voltage across secondary
(ii) What answer did Meeta's father give?
(d) current in secondary
(iii) W
 hat are the tiny lights in traffic signals (e) power in secondary 5
called and how do these operate? 4
Ans. (i) Obtaining expression for impedance & phase
Ans. Answers of part (i) ,(ii), (iii) 1+1+2 angle  1½ + 1
(i) Values displayed by Meeta:  ½ Condition of current being in phase with volt-
Inquisitive / Keen Observer / Scientific tempera- age  ½
ment / (Any other value.) Values displayed by Fa- Naming of circuit condition  ½
ther : ½ P
1
(ii) Calculation of 1½
Encouraging / Supportive / (Any other value) P
2
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

R R R
(i)
P2 = = =1
Z R
as Z = R at resonance ½
P 1 1
ε c \ 1
= = ½
P 2 2
2
1
L
½  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
vCm – OR
vLm
Ans. (i) Function of transformer ½
VR V Working principle and diagram ½+½
vRm

Various energy losses (two) ½+½

(ii) Calculation of part (a) , (b), (c), (d) & (e) 2½
vm (i) Conversion of ac of low voltage into ac of high
voltage & vice versa. ½
t Mutual induction : When alternating voltage is
applied to primary windings, emf is induced in
V C +V L the secondary windings. ½
Soft iron-core
From Figure
→ → → →
V = V +V +V ½

Secondary

Secondary
Primary

L R C

Primary

→
where |V | = imR
R

→ →
(a) (b) ½
|VL + VC | = VCm – VLm ½ (Any one of the above diagram)

Energy losses :
= im(XC – XL) (a) Leakage of magnetic flux
2 2
⇒ Vm = VRm + (VCm – VLm)2 (b) Eddy currents
l2mZ2 = lm
2 2 2
R + Im (XC – XL)2 (c) Hysteresis loss
(d) Copper loss ½+ ½ (Any two)
⇒ Z = R 2 + ( X − X )2
C L (ii) Np = 100
Transformation ratio = 100
From Figure
(a) Number of turns in secondary coil
V –V
tan φ = Cm Lm
 ½ NS = 100 × 100 = 10000 ½
V (b) Input Power = Input voltage × current
Rm
in primary
i (X − X )
= m C L  ½ 1100 = 220 × Ip
i R ⇒ Ip = 5A
m
V N
 X − XL  (c) S
= S  ½
φ = tan −1  C  ½ V N
 R  P P
 
V
S
Condition for current and voltage are in phase: = 100
220
VL = VC or XL = XC ½
⇒ VS = 2.2 × 104 volts ½
Circuit is called Resonant circuit. ½
I N
R R 1 (d) P
= S
(ii) Power factor P1 = = = I N
Z 2
R +R 2 2 S P 
5
(as XL = R) ½ = 100
I

Power factor when capacitor C of reactance S

XC = XL is put in series in the circuit 5

⇒ Is = = 0.05 A ½
100
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

(e) Power in secondary = Power in Primary 2 xd

S 2 P – S1 P =  ½
= 1100 W ½ S P+S P
2 1
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
For x, d<< D
25. (i) In Young's double slit experiment, deduce S2P + S1P = 2D
the condition for (a) constructive, and (b) 2 xd xd
destructive interference at a point on the \ S2P – S1P = =
2D D
screen. Draw a graph showing variation of
For constructive interference S2P – S1P = nl,
intensity in the interference pattern against
n = 0, 1, 2....
position 'x' on the screen.
xd
(ii) Compare the interference pattern observed
 ⇒ = nl ½
in Young's double slit experiment with single D
slit diffraction pattern, pointing out three nλD
⇒ x=
distinguishing features. 5 d
OR
For destructive interference S 2P – S1P
(i) Plot a graph to show variation of the angle of
λ
deviation as a function of angle of incidence = (2n + 1) , n = 0, 1, 2....
2
for light passing through a prism. Derive an
expression for refractive index of the prism xd λ
= (2n + 1)  ½
in terms of angle of minimum deviation and D 2
angle of prism. λD
(ii) What is dispersion of light? What is its cause? ⇒ x = (2n + 1)
2d
(iii) A ray of light incident normally on one face
of a right isosceles prism is totally reflected
as shown in fig. What must be the minimum
value of refractive index of glass? Give
relevant calculations. 5
Imax

3λ 2λ 1λ 0 1λ 2λ 3λ

Path Difference  1

(ii)
(a) The Interference pattern has number of
Ans. (i) Deduce the conditions for a) constructive
equally spaced bright and dark bands,
and b) destructive interference 2½
while in the diffraction pattern the width of
Graph showing the variation of intensity 1 the central maximum is twice the width of
(ii) Three distinguishing features  1½ other maxima.  ½
(i) G (b) In Interference all bright fringes are of equal
P intensity, whereas in the diffraction pattern
the intensity falls as order of maxima
S1 x x increases. ½
d (c) In Interference pattern, maxima occurs
Z z
O y λ
at an angle , where a is the slit width,
S2 a
D
whereas in diffraction pattern, at the same
angle, first minimum occurs. (Here ‘a’ is the
G' ½ size of the slit) ½
From figure (Any other distinguishing feature)
Path difference = (S2P – S1P) ½  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

 OR
d 
2
 d
(S2P)2–(S1P)2 = D 2 +  x +   − [D 2 + ( x – )2 ]
 2  2 (i) Plot showing the variation of the angle of de-
 
viation as a function of angle of incidence  1
(S2P + S1P) (S2P – S1P) = 2xd Derivation of expression of refractive index 1½
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

(ii) Definition of dispersion and its cause 1

½+½ ≥ 2
sin i
c
(iii) Calculation of minimum value of refractive in-
dex  1½ ⇒ m≥ 2 ½
Hence, the minimum value of refractive index
must be 2 ½
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Angle of deviation (δ)

26. (i) Define the term drift velocity.

(ii)  On the basis of electron drift, derive an
Dm
f = e' expression for resistivity of a conductor in
terms of number density of free electrons
and relaxation time. On what factors does
(i) Angle of Incidence (i) 1 resistivity of a conductor depend?
From figure δ = Dm, i = e which implies (iii) Why alloys like constantan and manganin
are used for making standard resistors? 5
r1 = r2
OR
A
2r = A, or r = (i)  State the principle of working of a
2
potentiometer.
Using δ = i + e – A ½ (ii) In the following potentiometer circuit AB is
Dm = 2i – A a uniform wire of length 1 m and resistance
10 Ω. Calculate the potential gradient along
A+D the wire and balance length AO (= l).
m
i =
2 2V 15 

 A + Dm 
sin 
 2 
sin i  
m = = A O B
sin r A
sin
2
1.2 
(ii) The phenomenon of splitting of white light into its
constituent colours. ½ G
1.5 V
Cause : Refractive index of the material is
different for different colours. According to the 0.3   5
equation, δ @ (m – 1)A, where A is the angle of
Ans. (i) Definition of drift velocity 1
prism, different colours will deviate through
(ii) Derivation of expression of resistivity 2
different amount.  ½
Factors affecting resistivity 1
(iii) Reason of using constantan and manganin 1
(i) Average velocity acquired by the electrons in
the conductor in the presence of external electric
I=45° field.
[Alternatively: 1
–eEτ
vd = where t is the relaxation time.]
m
–eEτ
For total internal reflection, (ii) vd =
m
∠i ≥ ∠ic (critical angle)
V
⇒ 45° ≥ ∠ic, i.e., ∠ic ≤ 45° We have E = − , where V is potential across

sin ic ≤ sin 45° ½ the length l of the conductor
1 eV τ
≤ vd =
2 m
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

(ii) Current flowing in the potentiometer wire

Current flowing I = neAvd E 2.0 2
eVr i= = = A ½
I = neAvd R 15 + 10 25 
total
m
\ Potential difference across the two ends of the
ne 2 AV τ wire
= ½
m
2 20
  VAB = × 10V = = 0.8 volt ½
I ne Aτ 2
1 25 25
= = ...(i)
V m R Hence potential gradient
 ½ V 0.8 V
AB
 K= = = 0.8 ½
Also, R = ρ ...(ii) l 1.0 m
A AB

 ½ Current flowing in the circuit containing

Comparing (i) and (ii), experimental cell,
m 1.5
r = ½ = = 1A
ne 2 τ  1.2 + 0.3
Resistivity of the material of a conductor de-
Hence, potential difference across length AO of
pends on the relaxation time, i.e., temperature
and the number density of electrons. the wire
 ½+½ = 0.3 × 1V = 0.3V ½
(iii) Because constantan and manganin show very ⇒ 0.3 = K × lAO
weak dependence of resistivity on temperature.
= 0.8 × lAO
 1
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 0.3
⇒ lAO = m = 0.375 m ½
0.8
OR
(i) Working principle of potentiometer  2 = 37.5 cm
(ii) Calculation of potential gradient and balance  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
length  3
(i) When constant current flows through a conduc- Delhi Set II Code No. 55/1/2/D
tor of uniform area of cross section, the potential Note: All Questions are from Set I.
difference, across a length l of the wire, is directly
proportional to that length of the wire.  2 Delhi Set III Code No. 55/1/3/D
[V ∝ l (Provided current and area are constant]
Note: All Questions are from Set I & II.

Outside Delhi Set I Code No. 55/1/C

SECTION -A 2. In what way is the behaviour of a diamagnetic
material different from that of a paramagnetic,
1. A charge 'q' is moved from a point A above a dipole when kept in an external magnetic field? 1
of dipole moment 'p' to a point B below the dipole Ans. A diamagnetic specimen would move towards the
in equatorial plane without acceleration. Find the weaker region of the field while a paramagnetic
work done in the process.1
A specimen would move to wards the stronger
region. A diamagnetic specimen is repelled by
a magnet while a paramagnetic specimen move
towards the magnet. The paramagnetic get aligned
along B and the diamagnetic perpendicular to
–q +q
the field. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
*3. Name the essential components of a
B communication system. 1
4. Why does sun appear red at sunrise and sunset?1
Ans. No work is done
W = qVAB = q × 0 = 0 1 Ans. It is due to least scattering of red light as it has the
longest wavelength.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

As per Rayleigh’s scattering, the amount of light A

1
scattered ∝ 4 1 P
λ
Q
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
30° Normal
5. The plot of the variation of potential difference
across a combination of three identical cells in
60°
series, versus current is shown below. What is the B C  ½
emf and internal resistance of each cell? 1

Face-AC
6V –1  2 
Here ic = sin   
½
3
= sin–1(0.6)  ½
V ∠i on face AC is 30° which is less than ∠ic. Hence
the ray get retracted here. ½
0 1A I  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Ans. 8. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of the
electron orbiting in the n = 2 state of hydrogen
Voltage across cell combination atom.2
        V = E – Ir Ans. Formulae of kinetic energy and de-Broglie a
  When current I = 0 ⇒ V = E wavelength  ½+½
Form graph, when I = 0, V = 6V Calculation and Result ½+½

Kinetic Energy for the second state- ½
⇒ emf E = 6 V
13.6 eV 13.6 eV
As    I = 1A, at V = 0 (from graph)
Ek = 2
= = 3.4 × 1.6 × 10–19 J
n 4
\ V = E – Ir ⇒ 0 = 6 – 1r ⇒ –6 = – 1r

h
         r = 6W 1 de-Broglies wavelength l =

2mEk
 ½
SECTION -B –34
6.63 × 10
= ½
* 6. Define modulation index. Why is it kept low? What 2 × 9.1 × 10 –31 × 3.4 × 1.6 × 10 –19 
is the role of a bandpass filter? 2 = 0.067 nm ½
7. A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
BA is refracted in the prism BAC made of material
9. Define ionization energy.
of refractive index 1.5. Complete the path of ray
How would the ionization energy change when
through the prism. From which face will the ray electron in hydrogen atom is replaced by a
emerge? Justify your answer. 2 particle of mass 200 times that of the electron but
A having the same charge? 2
P OR
Calculate the shortest wavelength of the spectral
Q lines emitted in Balmer series.
[Given Rydberg constant, R = 107 m–1]2
Ans.
Definition  1
Formula  ½
Calculation and Result  ½
60°
The minimum energy, required to free the electron
B C from the ground state of the hydrogen atom, is
known as Ionization Energy.
Ans. Path of emergent ray 1
Naming the face ½ me 4

E0 = i.e., .E0 ∝ m
Justification ½ 8ε02 h 2

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

Therefore, Ionization Energy will become 200 Ans. Definition: ½
times. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
(i) Diagram of Equipotential Surface ½
OR (ii) Diagram and reason ½+½
Ans.
Formula 1 (iii) Answer and Reason ½+½
Calculation and Result ½+½ Surface with a constant value of potential at all
1  1 1  points on the surface.  ½
= R 2 − 2   1
λ 2 ∝  (i)

For shortest wavelength, n = a ½
1 R 4

Therefore, = =⇒l= = 4 × 10–7 m
λ 4 R
½
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½
E
10. A battery of emf 12V and internal resistance 2 Ω is (ii)
connected to a 4 Ω resistor as shown in the figure.
(a) Show that a voltmeter when placed across
the cell and across the resistor, in turn, gives
the same reading.
(b) To record the voltage and the current in the
circuit, why is voltmeter placed in parallel
and ammeter in series in the circuit? 2
V

12V 2Ω

4Ω A
1
Ans. (a) Relation for terminal potential ½ V∝
r ½
(b) Justification ½
(c) Explanation (parallel and series) ½+½ (iii) No ½
(a) Effective resistance of the circuit RE= 6Ω If the field lines are tangential, work will be done
12A in moving a charge on the surface which goes
∴ VI= = 2A against the definition of equipotential surface. ½
6
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Terminal potential difference across the cell, V
= E-ir  ½ 12. (i) State law of Malus.
Also p.d. across 4W resistor = 4 × 2V = 8V (ii)  Draw a graph showing the variation of
Hence the voltmeter gives the same reading in the intensity (I) of polarised light transmitted by
two cases.  ½ an analyser with angle (θ) between polariser
and analyser.
(b) In series - current same  ½
(iii) What is the value of refractive index of a
In parallel – potential same ½
medium of polarising angle 60°?3
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Ans. Statement 1
SECTION -C Plotting the graph 1
11. Define an equipotential surface. Draw Calculating value of (m) refractive index 1
equipotential surfaces: (i) When the pass axis of a polaroid makes an angle
(i) in the case of a single point charge and q with the plane of polarisation of polarised light
(ii) in a constant electric field in Z-direction. of intensity I0 incident on it, then the intensity of
 Why the equipotential surfaces about a the transmitted emergent light is given by I = I0
single charge are not equidistant? cos2 q  1
(iii)  Can electric field exist tangential to an Note : If the student writes the formula
equipotential surface? Give reason. 3 I = I0 cos2 q and draws the diagram give 1 mark
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

15. (i) erive an expression for drift velocity of

D
(ii)
free electrons.
I (ii)  How does drift velocity of electrons in a
metallic conductor vary with increase in
temperature? Explain. 3
/2 3 /2 2 Angle 1 Ans. (i) When conductor is subjected to an electric field
(iii) m = tan ib E, each electron experience a Force.
= tan 60° = 3 = 1.7 1     F = – eE
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] and acquires an acceleration
13. Sketch the graphs showing variation of stopping F eE
    a = =−  ... (i)
potential with frequency of incident radiations m m
for two photosensitive materials A and B having
Here m = mass of electron, e = charge,
threshold frequencies νA > νB.
(i) In which case is the stopping potential more E = electric field.
and why?
The average time difference between two
(ii) Does the slope of the graph depend on the consecutive collisions is known as relaxation time of
nature of the material used? Explain. 3 electron.
Ans. Sketch of the Graph  1 τ1 + τ2 + - - + τn
   τ = n
...(ii)
(i) Stopping potential and Reason  ½+½
(ii) 
Dependence of slope and Explanation As v = u + at (from equations of motion.)
 ½+½
The drift velocity vd is defined as —
v1 + v2 + ⋅ ⋅ + vn
Vs    vd =
n
Stopping
Potential

(u1 + u2 + ⋅ ⋅ +un ) + a( τ1 + τ2 + ⋅ ⋅ + τn )
B A vd =
n

B A
1 a( τ1 + τ2 + ⋅ ⋅ + τn )


    vd = 0 + 1½
n
(i) For material B
From the graph for the same value of ‘n‘, (average thermal velocity = 0)
stopping potential is more for material ‘B’/ \
vd = 0 +at
h
[V = ( ν – ν )]  eE 
0 e 0    vd = –   τ [from (i)]
1 m
\ V0 is higher for lower value of n0]
(ii) No (ii) A
 ccording to drift velocity expression, relaxation
h time is the time interval between successive
As slope is given by which is constant.  1 collisions of an electron on increasing temperature,
e
the electrons move faster and more collisions occur
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
quickly. Hence, relaxation time decreases with
14.
(a) W rite the basic nuclear process involved in increase in temperature which implies that drift
the emission of β+ in a symbolic form, by a velocity also decreases with temperature.1½
radioactive nucleus. 16. (i)  When an AC source is connected to an
(b) In the reactions given below :
ideal inductor show that the average power
(i) 11 z
6 C → yB + x + v supplied by the source over a complete cycle
(ii) 126C + 126C → 20aNe + bc He is zero.
Find the values of x, y, and z and a, b and c.
(ii)  A lamp is connected in series with an
3
inductor and an AC source. What happens to
Ans. (a) Basic nuclear process 1 the brightness of the lamp when the key is
(b) (i) value of x, y, z  1 plugged in and an iron rod is inserted inside
(ii) value of a, b, c  1
the inductor? Explain. 3
(a) Basic nuclear reaction L lamp
P → n + e+ + ν 1
(b) (i) x = b+/ 10e, y = 5, z = 11 1
(ii) a = 10, b = 2, c = 4  1
( ( ~
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

Ans. Proof for average power  1½

Working: Diode conducts corresponding to
Effect on brightness  ½ positive half-cycle and does not conduct during
Explanation  1 negative half-cycle hence AC converted by diode
(i) Pav = Iav × eav cosf into unidirection pulsating DC. This action is half–
π wave rectification.
For an ideal inductor, φ =
2
Input
π 
Voltage o
\       Pav = Iav × eav cos Time
2
Input
          Pav = 01½
(ii) Brightness decreases  ½ Output
Because as iron rod is inserted inductance in- Voltage o Time
creases.
1½
Thus, current decreases and brightness Output
decreases. 1 * 18. (i)  hich mode of propagation is used by
W
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] shortwave broadcast services having
frequency range from a few MHz upto 30
17. (i) E
xplain with the help of a diagram the MHz? Explain diagrammatically how long
formation of depletion region and barrier distance communication can be achieved by
potential in a p-n junction. this mode.
(ii)  Draw the circuit diagram of a half wave (ii) Why is there an upper limit to frequency of
rectifier and explain its working. 3 waves used in this mode? 3
Ans. (i) With the formation of p–n junction, the holes 19. (i) Identify the part of the electromagnetic

from p–region diffuse into the n–region and spectrum which is :
electrons from n–region diffuse into p–region and (a)  suitable for radar system used in
electron hole pair combine and get annihilated. aircraft navigation,
This in turn, produces potential barrier VB across (b)  produced by bombarding a metal
the junction which opposes the further diffusion target by high speed electrons.
through the junction. Thus, small region forms in
(ii) Why does a galvanometer show a momentary
the vicinity of the junction which is depleted of free deflection at the time of charging or
charge carriers and has only immobile ions is called discharging a capacitor? Write the necessary
the depletion regions. expression to explain this observation.3
The potential distribution near the p–n junction is
Ans. (i) Identification 1+1
known as potential barrier.
(ii) Momentary deflection of galvanometer
Reason ½
Expressions ½
(i) (a) Microwaves 1
(b) X-rays 1
(ii) Due to conduction current in the connecting
wires and a displacement current between the
plates ½
dφ
Id = ε0 E ½
1½ dt
(ii) Circuit Diagram of Half–wave Rectifier:  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
– P-N Junction Diode
+ + * 20.
For a CE-transistor amplifier, the audio signal
P1 S1 A voltage across the collector resistance of 2 kΩ is 2
V. Suppose the current amplification factor of the
RL
transistor is 100, find the input signal voltage and
Output

base current, if the base resistance is 1 kΩ.3

21. Define the term wave front. State Huygen's
P2 S2
principle.
B
+ – – Consider a plane wave front incident on a thin
convex lens. Draw a proper diagram to show how

* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

the incident wave front traverses through the lens 22. Use Biot-Savart law to derive the expression for
and after refraction focuses on the focal point of the magnetic field on the axis of a current carrying
the lens, giving the shape of the emergent wave circular loop of radius R.
front.3 Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular
OR wire carrying current I. 3
Explain the following, giving reasons : Sol. :
(i) When monochromatic light is incident on a Let us consider a circular loop of radius a with
surface separating two media, the reflected centre C. Let the plane of the coil be perpendicular
and refracted light both have the same to the plane of the paper and current I be flowing in
frequency as the incident frequency. the direction shown. Suppose P is any point on the
axis at direction r from the centre.
(ii) When light travels from a rarer to a denser

d B cos 
medium, the speed decreases. Does this L dl Q
r 2  a2
decrease in speed imply a reduction in the a 
energy carried by the wave? 
I c d B sin 
r  P
d B sin 
(iii)  In the wave picture of light, intensity of I 
light is determined by the square of the d B cos  dB
M dl Q' 1½
amplitude of the wave. What determines the 
intensity in the photon picture of light? 3 Let us consider a current element dl on top (L)
Sol. : where, current comes out of paper normally
When source of light is a point source, the wave whereas at bottom (M) enters into the plane paper
front is a spherical wave front. 1 normally.
Huygen's Principle: LP ⊥ dl
(1)  Every point on the given wave front (called Also MP ⊥ dl
primary wave front) acts as a fresh source of new
LP = MP = r 2 + a2
disturbance, called secondary wavelets, which
travel in all directions, with the velocity of light, in Now, magnetic field at P due to current element at
the medium. 1 L according to Biot-Savart Law,
(2)  A surface touching these secondary wavelets, µ Idl sin 90°
      dB = o ⋅ 2
tangentially in the forward direction at any instant 4 π (r + a2 )
gives the new wave front at that instant. This is
called secondary wave front. Where, a = radius of circular loop.
Incident r = distance of point P from centre
wave front Refracted along the axis.
wave front
A dB cos φ components balance each other and net
magnetic field is given by
B A
B
F       B = ∫ dBsin φ
C C µ  Idl  a
= ∫ 4 πo  r 2 + a2  ⋅
 1
       r + a2
2

OR
a
(i) T he frequency and time period of an electromagnetic [∴sin φ = In ∆PCM]
wave depends only on the source which produces r + a2
2

it. The frequency is independent of the medium µo Ia

through which it travels. But the speed and =
4π 3 ∫ dl
wavelength depends on the medium through which (r 2 + a2 ) 2
      
the wave travels. Because of this, the frequency and
time period of sound wave do not change due to µo Ia
     B = 3
( 2 πa )
change in medium. 1 4π
(r 2 + a2 ) 2
(ii) Speed decreases due to decrease of wavelength of
wave but energy carried by the light wave depends µoI 2 a2
on the amplitude of electric field vector. 1      B = 3
 1½
2
(iii) The number of photons emitted from metal surface 2( r + a2 ) 2
depends only on the intensity of the incident light
and is independent of its frequency. The number of µ onI 2 a 2
For n turns, B = 3
photons emitted per second is directly proportional
to the intensity of the incident light.  1 2( r 2 + a 2 ) 2
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

Y
I
SECTION - E
24. (i)  raw a labelled diagram of a step-down
D
Q
O B transformer. State the principle of its
dl
I working.
(ii) Express the turn ratio in terms of voltages.
X (iii) Find the ratio of primary and secondary

Magnetic field due to circular wire carrying current I. currents in terms of turn ratio in an ideal
transformer.
(iv) How much current is drawn by the primary
of a transformer connected to 220 V supply
when it delivers power to a 110 V – 550 W
i
refrigerator?5
OR
(a) Explain the meaning of the term mutual

inductance. Consider two concentric
i circular coils, one of radius r1 and the other
of radius r2 (r1 < r2) placed coaxially with
centres coinciding with each other. Obtain
the expression for the mutual inductance of
the arrangement.
(b) A rectangular coil of area A, having number
SECTION -D of turns N is rotated at 'f' revolutions per
23. Ram is a student of class X in a village school. His second in a uniform magnetic field B, the
uncle gifted him a bicycle with a dynamo fitted field being perpendicular to the coil. Prove
in it. He was very excited to get it. While cycling that the maximum emf induced in the coil is
during night, he could light the bulb and see the 2πf NBA.5
objects on the road. He, however, did not know Ans.
(i) P
 rinciple of working: It works on the principle of
how this device works. He asked this question
mutual induction i.e. if two coils are inductively
to his teacher. The teacher considered it an
coupled and when current or magnetic flux is changed
opportunity to explain the working to the whole
through one of the two coils, then induced e.m.f. is
class.
produced in the other coil. 1
Answer the following questions:
(a) State the principle and working of a dynamo.
(b)  Write two values each displayed by Ram
and his school teacher. 4
Ans. (a) Principle and working  1+1
(b) Two values, each, displayed by
(i) Ram  ½+½ (ii) Turns ratio is
(ii) School teacher  ½+½
ns Es
      K = =
(a) Principle: np Ep
Whenever a coil is rotated in a magnetic field, an A transformer with a primary winding of 1000 turns
emf is induced in it due to the change in mag- and secondary winding of 100 turns has a turns ratio
netic flux linked with it.1 of 1000 : 100 or 10 : 1. Therefore, 100 volts applied to
Working– primary winding will produce a secondary voltage of
As the coil rotates, its inclination (q) with respect 10 volts. 1
to the field changes. Hence sinusoidal/ varying (iii)      EsIs = EpIp
emf (=e0 sinwt) is obtained./May also be ex- (Input Power = Output Power)
plained graphically.1
Es Ip
[Note—Give full marks if the student obtains ⇒ =
the expression for induced emf mathematically.] Ep I
s
(b) Values:
Ip ns
Ram—Scientific aptitude, curiosity, keenness to ⇒  
= = K 1
learn, positive approach, etc (any two) 1 Is np
Teacher— Dedication, concern for (iv) ep = 220 v; es = 110v, esIs = 550 W
students, depth of knowledge, generous, positive Now,    epIp = esIs
attitude towards queries, motivational approach.
eI 550
(Any two) 1 Ip = s s = = 2.5 A 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ep 220
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

OR (ii) L
 ight from a point source in air falls on a
convex spherical glass surface of refractive
Ans. (a) Meaning of Mutual Inductance  1 index 1.5 and radius of curvature 20 cm.
Expression  1½ The distance of light source from the glass
(b) Proof 2 surface is 100 cm. At what position is the
Diagram  ½ image formed?
(a) Mutual Inductance is the property of a pair of OR
coils due to which an emf induced in one of the (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the
coils due to the change in the current in the other real image formed by an astronomical
coil. 1 telescope in normal adjustment position.
Mdi Define its magnifying power.
1
  Mathematically e2 = (b) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4
dt D and 10 D to design a telescope.
e (i) Which lenses should be used as objective
2
\        M = − and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
di / dt
1 (ii) Why is the aperture of the objective
Let a current I2 flows through the outer circular preferred to be large? 5
coil. Then
n n (n − n )
2 1 2 1
µI Ans. (i)Derivation of − =  1½
           B2 = 2 v u R
2r
2
1  n − n  1 1 
=  2  −  1½
µπr 2 f  n  R R  
\    f1 = pr2B2 = 1
I = M12I2         1  1 2 
2r 2
2

µπr 2 N
Thus     M12 = 1
I = M21 1½ l n2
n1
2r 2
r
2
O C l
(b) Coil Axle M R
u v

Ray diagram showing real image formation as

N S per description
            q1 = a + b
Slip              q2 = b – g
rings Alternating emf \      g= b – q
For paraxial rays q1 and q2 are small
Therefore, n2 sin q2 = n1sin q2 (Snell's law)
Carbon
brushes ½ Reduces to
Flux at any time 't'. sin i i n2
≈ =
fB = BA cosq = BA coswt sin r r n
1
From Faraday's Law, induced emf
\ i × n1 = r × n2
dφ d (a + b)n1 = (b – g)n2
     e = − N B = NBA (cos ωt )
NM NM
dt dt    NM NM 
n  +  =  – n
1 OM MC 
Thus the instantaneous value of emf is   MC MI  2
         E = NBA wsinwt  1 1   1 1
n  +  =  – n
For maximum value of emf sinwt = ±1 2 –u
 +R   +R u  2
i.e.,  e0 = NBAw = 2pfNBA 2
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] n n (n − n )
2 1 2 1
− =
v u R
25. (i)  erive the mathematical relation between
D
refractive indices n1 and n2 of two radii Applying above relations to refraction through a
and radius of curvature R for refraction at a lens:
convex spherical surface. Consider the object n1 n1
to be a point since lying on the principle axis n2
in rarer medium of refractive index n1 and
a real image formed in the denser medium O I' I
of refractive index n2. Hence, derive lens 1 2
maker's formula.
SOLVED PAPER - 2016 (PHYSICS)

For surface 1 (ii) High resolving power / Brighter image / lower

n −n n n limit of resolution (Any one) ½
2 1 2
= − 1 ...(i)  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
R v' u
1  26. (i)  se Gauss's law to find the electric field due
U
For surface 2 to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
n −n n n What is the direction of field for positive
1 2 1
= − 2 ...(ii)
R v v' and negative charge densities?
2  (ii) Find the ratio of the potential differences
Adding eqn. (i) and (ii), that must be applied across the parallel and
 1 series combination of two capacitors C1 and
1 
(n − n )  −  = n  1 − 1  C2 with their capacitances in the ratio 1 : 2
2 1 R R  1 v
 1 2   u so that the energy stored in the two cases
For u = ∝ v = f becomes the same. 5
OR
n  1 1  (i) If two similar large plates, each of area A
\ 1
= ( n2 − n1 )  − 
f R R  having surface charge densities + σ and – σ
 1 2 
are separated by a distance d in air, find the
n  1 1  expressions for
1
⇒ =  2 − 1  −  (a) field at points between the two plates
f n  R R 
 1  1 2  and on outer side of the plates.
(iii)
R = 20 cm, n2 = 1.5, n1 = 1, u = – 100 cm Specify the direction of the field in each
n (n − n ) n case.
2
= 2 1
+ 1 (b)  the potential difference between the
v R u plates.
0.5 1 (c)  the capacitance of the capacitor so
= −
20 cm 100 cm formed.
(ii) Two metallic spheres of radii R and 2R
1.5 are charged so that both of these have
= cm
100 same surface charge density σ. If they are
⇒  v = 100 cm a real image on the other side, 100 cm connected to each other with a conducting
away from the surface. wire, in which direction will the charge
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] flow and why? 5

OR Ans. (i) Derivation for electric field due to infinite

plane Sheet of charge  2
Ans. (a) Labelled ray diagram of Astronomical Tel- Directions of field  ½+½
escope 1½
(ii) Formula  ½
Definition of magnifying power  1
Calculation and result  1½
(b) (i) Identification of lenses  ½+½
Justification  ½+½
+++++
(ii) Reason  ½
+++++
Objective fo Eyepiece
fe
+++++

O B' E E ds

 
h
A' + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
1½

Definition-It is the ratio of the angle subtended →

at the eye, by the final image, to the angle which Symmetry of situation suggests that E is
the object subtends at the lens, or the eye.1 perpendicular to the plane. A Gaussian surface is
(b) (i) Objective = 5D ½ considered through P like a cylinder of flat caps
Eye lens = 10D ½ parallel to the plane and one cap passing through
This choice would give higher magnification P. The plane being the plane of symmetry for the
as Gaussian surface.
f P → → → →
M =
f
0
=
P
e
1
∫ E . ds = ∫ E . ds
e 0 through caps
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

→ → (ii) Direction of flow of charge  ½+½

E ⊥ ds for all over curved surface and hence +σ –σ
→ → inside
E . ds = 0
∫ Eds = 2EDs
caps
E1 E2 E2
Ds = area of each cap
By Gauss' law E1
Outside
→ → q σ∆s
∫ E . ds =
ε
=
ε
0 0

σ∆s
\ 2EDs =
ε
0 Plate 1 Plate 2  ½+½
σ Inside
E = → → →
2ε E = E1 + E2
0

→ σ+σ σ
If s is positive E points normally outwards/ = =  ½
away from the sheet 2E E
0 0
→
If s is (–)ve E points normally inwards/towards Outside
→ → →
the sheet E = E2 − E1
1
Us = C V 2 σ−σ
2 s s = = 0½
2ε
1 0
Up = C V 2
2 p p (b) Potential difference between plates
1 Qd
V C V = Ed = 1
series equivalent parallel ε A
⇒ = 0
V C
parallel equivalent series (c) Capacitance
Q ε A
C +C C = = 0
1 2
V d
CC
= 1 2 (ii) As potential on and inside a charged sphere is
C +C given
1 2

C +C 1 q 1 4 πr 2 σ
1 2 3 V= = .
= = 4 πε r 4 πε r
CC 2 0 0
1 2
\V ∝r
 (Any one) Hence, the bigger sphere will be at higher po-
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] tential, so charge will flow from bigger sphere to
smaller sphere. ½+½
OR  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Ans. (i) Deriving the expression for field between
the plate & outside ½+½ Outside Delhi Set II Code No. 55/2/C
Direction of electric field inside and outside
 ½+½ Note: All Answers are from Set I.
Potential difference between the plates  1
Capacitance  1 Outside Delhi Set III Code No. 55/3/C

Note: All Answers are from Set I & II.

