What is Python

What is Python?
Python is a set of instructions that we give in the form of a

Program to our computer to perform any specific task. It is
a Programming language having properties like it is
interpreted, object-oriented and it is high-level too. Due to
its beginner-friendly syntax, it became a clear choice for
beginners to start their programming journey. The major
focus behind creating it is making it easier for
developers to read and understand, also reducing the
lines of code.
HISTORY OF PYTHON
Python was created in 1980s by Guido van Rossum.
During his research at the National Research Institute
for Mathematics and Computer Science in the
Netherlands, he created Python – a super easy
programming language in terms of reading and usage.
The first ever version was released in the year 1991
which had only a few built-in data types and basic
functionality.
Later, when it gained popularity among scientists for
numerical computations and data analysis, in 1994,
Python 1.0 was released with extra features like map,
lambda, and filter functions. After that adding new
functionalities and releasing newer versions of Python
came into fashion.
Features of Python
Python has plenty of features that make it the most
demanding and popular. Let’s read about a few of the
best features that Python has:
 Easy to read and understand
 Interpreted language
 Object-oriented programming language
 Free and open-source
 Versatile and Extensible
 Multi-platform
 Hundreds of libraries and frameworks
 Flexible, supports GUI
 Dynamically typed
 Huge and active community
Advantages of Python:
 Easy to learn, read, and understand
 Versatile and open-source
 Improves productivity
 Supports libraries
 Huge library
 Strong community
 Interpreted language
Disadvantages of Python:
 Restrictions in design
 Memory inefficient
 Weak mobile computing
 Runtime errors
 Slow execution speed
Uses and Applications of Python

Python being so popular and so technologically advanced
has multiple use cases and has real-life applications.
Some of the most common Python applications
Conclusion
Python has a lot of reasons which make it a more popular
and highly demanding programming language. High
Community support and a large number of libraries and
frameworks in Python make it the best choice for
developers and beginners to choose it single handily.
Python has use cases in web Development, Game
Development, Automation, and technologies like AI, ML,
and Data Analytics. Python is releasing its never version
and adding new functions for the betterment of
developers. But it has some limitations as well as
discussed in the article like it is slow in execution, so
Competitive Programmer prefer it less. But overall it is
growing rapidly and has a very bright future ahead for this
Programming language.
What is SQL?
Data is at the core of every application,
and SQL (Structured Query Language) manages and
interacts with this data. Whether we’re handling a small
user database or analyzing terabytes of sales records,
SQL allows efficient querying, updating,
and management of relational databases.
When data needs to be retrieved from a database, SQL
is used to construct and send the request. The Database
Management System (DBMS) processes the SQL
query, retrieves the requested data, and returns it to the
user or application. Instead of specifying step-by-step
procedures, SQL statements describe what data should
be retrieved, organized, or modified, allowing the DBMS
to handle how the operations are executed efficiently.
In common usage, SQL
encompasses DDL and DML commands
for CREATE, UPDATE, MODIFY, or other operations on
database structure.
SQL History
 SQL was invented in 1970s and was first
commercially distributed by Oracle.
 The original name was given by IBM as Structured
English Query Language, abbreviated by the
acronym SEQUEL.
Components of a SQL System
A SQL system consists of several key components that
work together to enable efficient data storage, retrieval,
and manipulation. Understanding these components is
crucial for mastering SQL and its role in relational
database systems. Some of the Key components of a
SQL System are:
 Databases: Databases are structured collections of
data organized into tables, rows, and

columns. Databases serve as repositories for storing
information efficiently and provide a way to manage
and access data.
 Tables: Tables are the fundamental building blocks
of a database, consisting of rows (records) and

columns (attributes or fields). Tables ensure data
integrity and consistency by defining the structure
and relationships of the stored information.
 Queries: Queries are SQL commands used to
interact with databases. They enable users to

retrieve, update, insert, or delete data from tables,
allowing for efficient data manipulation and retrieval.
 Constraints: Constraints are rules applied to tables
to maintain data integrity. Constraints define

conditions that data must meet to be stored in the
database, ensuring accuracy and consistency.
 Stored Procedures: Stored procedures are pre-
compiled SQL statements stored in the

database. Stored procedures can accept
parameters, execute complex operations, and return
results, enhancing efficiency, reusability, and
security in database management.
 Transactions: Transactions are groups of SQL
statements that are executed as a single unit of

work. Transactions ensure data consistency and
integrity by allowing for the rollback of changes if
any part of the transaction fails.
What are the Characteristics of SQL?
 User-Friendly and Accessible: SQL is designed
for a broad range of users, including those with
minimal programming experience, making it
approachable for non-technical individuals.
 Declarative Language: As a non-procedural
language, SQL allows users to specify what data is
needed rather than how to retrieve it, focusing on
the desired results rather than the retrieval process.
 Efficient Database Management: SQL enables the
creation, modification, and management of
databases efficiently, saving time and simplifying
complex database operations.
 Standardized Language: Based on ANSI
(American National Standards Institute) and ISO
(International Organization for Standardization)
standards, SQL ensures consistency and stability
across various database management systems
(DBMS).
 Command Structure: SQL does not require a
continuation character for multi-line queries,
allowing flexibility in writing commands across one
or multiple lines.
 Execution Mechanism: Queries are executed using
a termination character (e.g., a semicolon ;),
enabling immediate and accurate command
processing.
 Built-in Functionality: SQL includes a rich set of
built-in functions for data manipulation, aggregation,
and formatting, empowering users to handle diverse
data-processing needs effectively.
Limitations of SQL
 Complexity in Advanced Operations: Advanced
functionalities such as indexing, query optimization,

and performance tuning require in-depth technical
knowledge.
 Scalability Concerns: SQL performs best with
structured data; handling unstructured data or

massive distributed systems can pose challenges.
 Platform-Specific Variations: While SQL is
standardized, many databases implement unique

extensions, leading to portability and compatibility
issues.
Conclusion
SQL(Structured Query Language) is a programming
language designed for managing and manipulating data
stored in relational databases. It is used for interacting
with DBMS like MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, and
PostgreSQL.
In this article we have covered about SQL and
understood it’s characteristics, rules to write SQL
queries, commands, uses and many important concepts.
We also covered the SQL injection and how it can be
harmful for database security. After completing this
guide, you will be equipped with all necessary
information about SQL.

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What is Python?

Python is a set of instructions that we give in the form of a

 Object-oriented programming language

 Free and open-source

 Versatile and Extensible

 Hundreds of libraries and frameworks

 Flexible, supports GUI

 Huge and active community

 Versatile and open-source

 Weak mobile computing

 Slow execution speed

Uses and Applications of Python

data organized into tables, rows, and

of a database, consisting of rows (records) and

interact with databases. They enable users to

to maintain data integrity. Constraints define

compiled SQL statements stored in the

statements that are executed as a single unit of

functionalities such as indexing, query optimization,

structured data; handling unstructured data or

standardized, many databases implement unique

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