IEC 61850 Sampled

Values Configuration
IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration - Application Guide
Objective: This application guide will help users configure Megger’s SMRT/FREJA test instruments and the SVA software
the Sampled Values Analyser (SVA) for use in a variety of are compliant with IEC 61850 9-2 Light Edition (LE), which
applications in a digital substation environment. is NOT a standard. Rather, it is a Utility Communication
Architecture (UCA) profile that has been widely accepted
Introduction to Sampled Values: across the world for use in digital substations. Some points
worth noting as per the LE edition:
IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Values (SV) standardise the
transmission of instantaneous power system data over „ Datasets carried by the SV message are fixed to 4 voltages and
an Ethernet/fibre optic communication channel using 4 currents
a publisher/subscriber mechanism. In a move towards „ Sampling frequency is 80 samples per cycle (4000 samples for
digitalisation of substation architecture, analogue signals 50 Hz and 4800 samples for 60 Hz systems, respectively) for all
protection applications
transmitted on copper wires are getting replaced with digital
„ Time synchronisation is 1-PPS. There is formally no support for
signals on fibre optic Ethernet networks. These digital signals IEEE 1588 PTP time synch, which is typical of Edition 2 of the
are either generated by standalone merging units (MU) or IEC 61850 standard. Regardless, some users move forward to
compliant IEDs with digital signal processing capabilities. deploy IEEE 1588 PTP (IEC 61850-9-3) with the consideration of
future standards and higher accuracy. PTP to 1-PPS converters
Data gathering starts at the process level with instrument can be used in such cases with SMRT/FREJA to satisfy the need.
We recommend Meinberg SyncBox/N2X.
transformers. Current transformers (CTs) and voltage
„ The quality string has one ‘extra bit’, the 14th bit, for deriving
transformers (VTs) measure analogue currents and voltages,
or measuring the analogue quantity, which differs from the
respectively, and send the outputs to MUs. Typically, usual ‘normal’ quality string of 13 bits for IEC 61850 and IEC
analogue filters in MUs receive analogue signals from CTs/ 61869.
VTs which are then pushed to the sample and hold circuitry.
Required equipment:
Analogue to digital converters then transform analogue
signals into digital counts. Once converted, MUs will add Depending on the tests that the user wants to perform, the
a timestamp from a time reference and then the count in following is some of the equipment that may be needed:
timestamp becomes part of the dataset. Once the data is
„ Test unit: SMRT/FREJA with the two-app firmware (>6.252) and
ready, MUs broadcast it to the process bus which can then bootloader > 1.052 version
be received by relays, controllers, and metering equipment „ Software: RTMS and SVA
simultaneously, if they are subscribed to receive the data. „ Managed Ethernet switch: To connect various IEDs and clocks
Figure 1 provides a visualisation of how a merging unit „ High accuracy clock for time synchronisation: 1-PPS or IEEE
samples the data and how a subscriber re-samples based 1588 PTP
on the first sample (sample count = 0). It also displays the „ PTP to 1-PPS converter: Only if IEEE 1588 PTP is used as the
external clock
significance of high accuracy time synchronisation.
„ IEC 61850 9-2 LE compliant IEDs (relays, RTUs, controllers etc.)

Note: SVA on on-board units can also be used if the customer

PC has restricted access within the network. One crucial point
to remember is that SVA follows 2 out of 3 communication
principles, which means that only two of the following can be
active at any point of time: On-board RTMS/SVA, RTMS on PC,
and SVA on PC. If working from a PC, it is advisable to switch the
on-board mode to remote mode.

Figure 1: Merging unit sampling

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 IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration - Application Guide
Conversion of SMRT/FREJA into digital mode:
After downloading the correct firmware and activating the
soft key to enable the Sampled Values feature in the SMRT/
FREJA, the user can launch Relay Testing Management
Software (RTMS) to switch back and forth between analogue
(normal) and digital (SV) mode as per the requirements.

RTMS set-up: After launching RTMS, the user should go

to the SYSTEM CONFIGURATION button and select DISPLAY
VERSIONS to verify if the SV feature is enabled. “IEC-61850
Enabled” must be equal to 2 to use Sampled Values. Figure 4: Home screen in SV Mode

IEC 61850-9-2 LE specifies 4 currents and 4 voltages as one

single SV stream. With the current version of the software,
the SVA and RTMS can accommodate the configuration of
a total of 3 SV streams. The RTMS home screen in Figure 4
shows 12 currents and 12 voltages to simulate 3 SV streams.
Figure 2: Display versions
To enable the publishing of SV streams, users will first need
After it is verified that IEC-61850 Enabled = 2, the user must to arm the channel(s) by clicking on the button(s) in the blue
find and select the NORMAL MODE button, (this is set to outlined boxes in Figure 4. If only one stream is needed, only
“Normal Mode” by default), as shown in Figure 3 under the arm the channel associated with that stream.
HARDWARE tab of the system configuration window.
Special note: SMRT/FREJA units can either decode IRIG-B
or 1-PPS. If IEEE 1588 PTP is used as the master clock in the
network, the user may need a PTP to 1-PPS converter. The SV
mode in RTMS has “Binary Input-1” as the default input to
receive 1-PPS signal. Users can monitor the LED on “Binary
Input-1” to validate the sensing of 1-PPS. The LED should
flash once every second.

Figure 3: System configuration setting to program

Normal/SV Mode

Change the setting to “SV Mode” by pressing the SV MODE

button and then select the green check/tick button. A
message box will appear advising the user to power cycle the
test set. Once powered up and the RTMS is searching for the
connected unit, the user should see the serial number of the
test set and the text “SV” as prefix. Select the unit with the
correct serial number and “SV” prefix and the home screen
of the RTMS should appear, as shown in Figure 4.

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IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
SV 9-2 LE configurator 2. Data sets can be expanded to see which one
needs to be used for monitoring or testing. Once
This screen allows users to set some crucial parameters
related to Sampled Values testing. The SVA allows the user decided, right click and copy to either Stream 1,
to set parameters for all the streams on one screen, thereby Stream 2, or Stream 3.
eliminating the need to switch screens. The user can either
manually enter the settings or import an SCD file to auto-
populate the settings.

Figure 7: Method to map MSVCB01 to desired streams

3. Select the SV 9-2 LE configurator tab to see the

imported parameters. A description of each field is
provided as follows:
Figure 5: SV configurator Configurator Settings

MAC – A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a

Import SCL
network interface controller (NIC), in this case – IEDs, for use
By selecting the SCL button outlined in blue in Figure 5,
as a network address in communications within the network
users can select an existing SCD file from their network. SVA
segment. It is a 12-digit HEX that is most often displayed
allows the import of all SCL file types - CID, SCD, XML, ICD,
with a colon or a hyphen separating every two digits. In IEC
SCL, IID, and SED. Select the appropriate file and follow the
61850 GOOSE and Sampled Value messages, destination
steps as below:
multicast MAC addresses are used. This means that if a
packet is received by the Ethernet switch, the switch will
1. The imported file will be launched as a new tab
forward the message to all other ports in case no recipient
with its name and file type as an extension. In
groups are specified at the switch. For Sampled Values, the
the example in Figure 6, the REX640_2SV.cid fourth octet is equal to 04 and the range of addresses could
tab, highlighted in yellow, can be seen after the be 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 to O1-0C-CD-04-01-FF. Each port
import. If there is no SV data available in the file, on the IED has a different MAC address.
an error message will appear indicating there was
no SV data. VLAN ID - The VLAN identifier can be used if the Ethernet
switches in a station/process bus that supports VLAN and
can play an important role in segregating Ethernet traffic
in a substation LAN. For example, GOOSE traffic and SV
could both be isolated to their own VLANs. This has the
significant advantage of reducing the traffic load for IEDs
not participating in GOOSE or SV. VLANs provide a way
to avoid multicast SV messages being sent to any devices
not intended to receive it, like RTUs, SCADA, or corporate
networks. The value “000” means a non-configured VLAN
and switches do not filter these messages in port basis.
This value is recommended if VLAN is not configured in the
Figure 6: Import SCD Tab network. The VLAN identifier is a 3-character HEX value with
range 000...FFF.

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 IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
VLAN Priority - VLAN priority is a priority the customer “valid” SV streams (0x 00000000). By changing the quality
assigns to outbound packets containing the specified VLAN to 0x 00000800, users can either enable all channels to be
ID. Priority tagging is defined in IEEE 802.1Q/IEEE 802.1p sent with test data or they can choose a particular channel
standard for further study. The value range is 0 to 7 in in a stream. Click ADVANCE to set quality for individual
decimal format. 4 to 7 is high priority and 1 to 3 is low channels.
priority. The value 1 is the priority of untagged frames, thus

0 should be avoided when connected to a network as it may
cause unpredictable delays due to normal traffic.

App ID – Application Identifier, or APPID, is a unique

HEX value identifier used to select ISO/IEC 8802-3 frames
containing Sampled Value messages and to distinguish the
application association. The reserved value range for sampled
values is 0x4000 to 0x7FFF. If no APPID is configured, the
default value shall be 0x4000. The default value is reserved
to indicate lack of configuration. It is strongly recommended
to have unique, source orientated SV APPID within a system.
This should be enforced by the configuration system.

Reserved 1 and Reserved 2 – Reserved 1 and Reserved

Figure 8: SV Quality window
2 were set for future standardised applications in the first
edition of IEC 61850 9-2. It was recommended that Reserved The user may select the RADIO button for Individual Sample
1 be set to 0. With the introduction of Edition 2, there was and enter quality for individual channels as desired. For user
better clarification on simulation mode, and it provided convenience, SVA provides the quality chart as per IEC-
more flexibility for interoperability tests. An SV stream is 61850-7-3. Click on the information icon as outlined in blue
“Simulated” if the first bit of the reserved bits is set to 1. in Figure 8 to see the right bits to enter. The “SV Quality”
There are 16 reserved bits in the SV message. Reserved 1 field in the configurator will display “SPECIAL” if individual
field in SVA can be used to send simulated SV streams. Since quality bits are set.
the standard defines Reserved 1 in hexadecimal format, the
user will be required to enter ‘8000’ to send simulated SV
streams. By default, SVA is sending real SV streams because The SV quality field is useful only when SMRT/FREJA is used
the Reserved 1 field is set to 0. to publish SV streams. When monitoring or sniffing streams
from the network or from an IED, the SV data pop-up under
SV Quality – Quality is an attribute defined in the IEC
the SV Snapshot tab should be observed. The SV data pop-
61850 standard in a HEX format that contains information
up provides the live status of a captured stream.
on the quality of the information from the server. With this
setting in SVA, users can force quality bits such as valid, CT Ratio – Sampled Values are designed to be in primary
questionable, invalid, and test to publish the stream as per values. The test set injects current in secondary values. The
the needs. For detailed information on quality bits, please CT Ratio setting in SVA allows the user to program the CT
refer to IEC 61850-7-3. ratio associated with IED under test to be able to monitor
primary values from the relay
Quality is a 13-bit bit string (the 14th bit is the derived bit)
with various sorts of information attached. IEDs can be put PT Ratio – Sampled Values are designed to be in primary
into “Test” mode by enabling the bit associated with test values. The test set injects voltage in secondary values. The
(the 11th bit) in quality string. This change will force the IED PT Ratio setting in SVA allows the user to program the PT
to publish test data in the network. SVA provides the setting ratio associated with IED under test to be able to monitor
to enable SMRT/FREJA to send test data in the network. This primary values from the relay.
is very crucial in testing IEC 61850 SV systems and is clarified
in IEC 61850 9-2 Ed. 2 standard. By default, SVA is publishing SV ID – SV ID is a user-defined unique string identifier used
for subscription/publishing. If the user wants to monitor SV

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IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
streams subscribed/published by an IED in the “SV Snapshot” timescales. Examples of these are GPS, NTP, and NIST servers.
Since 1-PPS is the standard for IEC 61850 9-2 LE, UCA states that
tab, the SV ID of the IED must be entered. If the traffic of
if the pulse length >= 5 us and < 500 ms then PPS signal is the
SMRT/FREJA needs to be monitored in the “SV Snapshot” global signal and SmpSynch = 2.
tab, enter SMRT_SVID01, SMRT_SVID02, SMRT_SVID03 as
SV ID.
SVA allows the streams to be forced to a particular SmpSynch
Config Rev – ConfRev increases when the referenced attribute when SMRT/FREJA is used as publisher or Merging
data set is modified. Config Rev is a counter indicating Unit. “No Sync” is chosen by default. The user can toggle
the number of configuration changes. Both the SV sender between “No Sync” and “Local” as per the requirements.
and the receiver must have the same ConfRev value. This Note that if 1-PPS with global length requirements is sensed
ensures that both IEDs have the same configuration level in on BI-1, then the “SV Snapshot” tab will automatically
the substation configuration. If the receiver has a different detect “Global sync” and will display that in the window.
ConfRev than the sender, the receiver may treat the message In that case, the “Force Signal Sync” setting is overridden.
as invalid and reject the message. ConfRev usage is done
automatically by tools. If the latest system configuration
is not downloaded to all required IEDs, the configuration
revision may differ between sender and receiver.
SV Channel Map – Through this setting, SVA allows the
Force Signal Sync – Time synchronisation is of utmost user to select channel 1-4, channel 5-8, or channel 9-12 to
importance in the world of Sampled Values. Merging Units be mapped to any of the streams. Each stream needs unique
and all IEDs as subscribers should be synchronised to a mapping otherwise an error will appear. If a stream is not
common clock, and it is recommended to have redundant desired, do not map it with any channels but rather select
clocks for back-up. The time synchronisation mechanism of “No Mapping”.
the clock when sending SV messages in IEC 61850 is defined
After all the parameters are set, either manually or through
by an attribute called “SmpSynch”, available in SV buffer. In
the import of a SCD feature, the user can click the DETECT
IEC 61850 9-2 Ed 1 2004, SmpSynch can either be “TRUE” or
TEST SET IP button on the bottom left
“FALSE”. When it is “TRUE”, SVs are synchronised by a clock
signal. As per IEC 61850 9-2 LE, clock signal is standardised
to auto-detect any units in the network. If the auto-detect
to 1-PPS. No synchronisation source available if “FALSE”.
function does not work, there is a provision to manually
IEC 61850 9-2 2011 provides more clarity on SmpSynch enter the IP address . It
attributes, which can be equal to any of the following:
is important to remember that the IP address of the SMRT/
„ 0 – None – With this setting, the system is running on free- FREJA on the test set label or in the normal mode may differ
wheeling mode with no time synchronisation of the Sampled
Values.
from its IP address in the SV mode. Once the correct unit is
„ 1 – Local – This setting allows local synchronisation. The device
selected, press the DOWNLOAD SV CONFIGURATION button
accepts Sampled Values that are locally synchronised to the to download all the mapped
degree required to meet the measuring accuracy class phase
error limit and forwards them to the protection applications. If
parameters to the SMRT/FREJA. A successful message will
the unique identifier of the specific local area clock is known,
the “SmpSynch” attribute can be set to that value. A local area pop-up with information on the number of streams
clock is a source that provides time that advances at essentially downloaded.
the correct attribute, which may have a time offset from global
area clocks. When 1-PPS is used and if the pulse length is >= 0.9 Sample Rate – Based on the frequency profile, 50 Hz or 60
us and <= 1.1 us, then 1-PPS is a local signal and SmpSynch = 1. Hz in the installed firmware, SVA auto-calculates the sample
„ 2 – Global - This setting allows global synchronisation. The rate after the DOWNLOAD SV CONFIGURATION button is
device accepts Sampled Values that are globally synchronised to
the degree required to meet the measuring accuracy class phase
pressed and displays the value in this field. The value must be
error limit and forwards them to the protection applications. A 4000 Hz for a 50 Hz profile and 4800 Hz for a 60 Hz profile.
global area clock is a source that provides time that is traceable
to the international standards labs maintaining clocks that
form the basis for the International Atomic Time (TAI) and UTC

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 IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
SV 9-2 LE Snapshot in blue in Figure 10 (depends on the installed FW) and the
Sync Status can be monitored. Based on the SmpSynch, “No
After the SV settings are downloaded, the user can launch
Sync”, “Local Sync”, and “Global Sync” will display for each
the “SV 9-2 LE Snapshot” tab to monitor the downloaded
stream.
streams. If the network has a stream not mapped in the “SVA
configurator”, it will be displayed and can be monitored only The user can set the reference as desired. By default, “V1” of
if there is room available. It means that SVA Snapshot only “Stream 1” is the reference for phase angle calculation. As
allows monitoring of a maximum of three streams. If all outlined in red in Figure 10, the label “V1” is bold and it acts
streams are mapped, SVA will not display unmapped existing as the reference for phasors. Click any other label to change
stream during the sniffing process. the reference. The RTMS home screen is used in the example
(Figure 11) to publish SV streams from SMRT/FREJA.

Figure 9: SV Snapshot in idle state

Figure 10: SV Snapshot in monitoring state. SMRT is
Network Interface – The network interface field, outlined
acting as SV Publisher
in blue in Figure 9, is used to configure the interface on
which SV will be monitored. It does not auto-select the
interface and the user needs to manually choose this option.
If the connected network interface is not found in the list,
it is recommended to first check with IT to see if your PC
has admin rights enabled. If the network interface is still not
visible, manually assign an IP address for the respective port
and choose a lower interface metric (<5) under Advanced
TCP/IP settings of the network and internet settings on the
PC.

If there are no Sampled Values in the network, which is Figure 11: Use of RTMS home screen to publish SV
expected to be the case before the user downloads SV data Streams
to the unit, all the data in all the streams is displayed with
“xxx”. That is an indication of the absence of SV. Phase angle – Phase angle orientation (Figure 10) can be
chosen as either “Lead” or “Lag” orientation depending on
After the correct interface is selected, press the START button the IED settings, which helps with troubleshooting, provided
to start monitoring. The STOP button that the “Lead” and “Lag” orientation match the IED under
test.
will stop the monitoring. It is advisable to
SV Data Window – The user can select button on
clear the cache by pressing the CLEAR ALL button any stream to visualise the live status of various parameters
before the monitoring is restarted. After in the stream.

START is pressed, the user will notice the total number of

packets captured by the Sampled Values Profile, as outlined

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IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
If stream data is lost due to Ethernet disconnection, loss of
time sync, or other unavoidable conditions, the values for
the stream will turn red indicating lost data. If the data for
the stream comes back, then the values will switch to black
colour. Loss of time sync will be accompanied by a hold-over
period, which is usually around 4 to 5 secs. In this hold-over
mode, the stream will still behave as if time synchronised. If
the time sync signal comes back, “Sync Status” will display
the mode based on the sensing of SmpSynch. Re-connecting
to the time sync source is also quite fast, less than 3 seconds.
The example in Figure 14 shows data loss for SMRT_SVID01:

Figure 12: SV Data pop-up

This data is the captured data from the network during the
Figure 14: Data loss state due to either loss of sync or
monitoring state.
packet loss
Another application is when one injects analogue quantities
Simulating derived quality bit set for neutral
into a Merging Unit and monitors the published SV stream
quantities –
out of that Merging Unit. In that setup, the user is not
required to press DOWNLOAD SV. All the user needs to do is The combination of SVA and RTMS provides the user
to set the desired stream in the SVA configurator, choose the with the flexibility to either simulate derived bits or real
right network interface in SV Snapshot, and press START in measured quantities for neutral current and voltages. The
the “SV Snapshot” tab. The example in Figure 13 shows the fourth channel in any IEC 61850 9-2 LE based SV stream is
traffic. Stream-1 was programmed to sniff any SV streams a neutral quantity.
coming out of a Merging Unit. SMRT/FREJA in normal mode
was used to inject analogue three-phase voltages into the If the fourth channel in any stream is not armed in RTMS,
Merging Unit. then we automatically send derived quantity and calculated
zero sequence values to the fourth channel. It is crucial to
note that the derived value is I0/V0 and not 3I0/3V0. The
example in Figure 15 shows that SMRT_SVID01 is publishing
derived bits on I4 and V4 if I4/V4 is not armed in RTMS.
Calculation of I4/V4 is simple.

I4 at I4 angle = (I1 at I1 angle + I2 at I2 angle + I3 at I3

angle)/3

V4 at V4 angle = (V1 at V1 angle + V2 at V2 angle + V3 at

V3 angle)/3
Figure 13: SV Snapshot in monitoring state, ABB REF
615 is the Merging Unit and SV Publisher

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 IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
SV 9-2 LE Viewer
This tab allows users to view waveforms of the monitored
SV. Users can zoom in on the waveform portion by holding
down the left mouse button and highlighting the area they
wish to view or by clicking on the or buttons

shown in the red outlined box in Figure 17. To view the

measurement, select “Cursor 1” and left click in the
waveform area where it is desired to start the measurement
capture. Select “Cursor 2” and left click again in the
Figure 15: Simulating SV publishing with derived bits waveform area where the measurement capture is wished to
active end. It will snip the waveform based on the cursor positions.
We also show delta sample count, delta time, and delta
If simulation of derived bits is not needed and the fourth
degrees between the two cursors. When SVA is in the
channel is needed to simulate measured neutral quantities,
capture mode, the START button will not be visible since the
then arm the fourth channel for the stream under test in
software is accumulating all the packets. Click STOP to stop
RTMS. The example in Figure 16 shows that the sniffed
the capture in the waveform window and then define cursor
data is the same as the published data, even though the
positions. The yellow outlined box allows the ability to zoom
summation of three phases is not accounting for a balanced
in and zoom out as well as move left or right for the captured
system.
waveforms. The blue outlined box in Figure 17 shows the
channels that are displayed in the viewer. Uncheck the
channels not desired to be seen, and the viewer will hide
them in the waveform display window.

Figure 17: SV Viewer

The example given in Figure 18 demonstrates where the

waveforms were meticulously snipped to 80 samples. As
you can see, delta time = 16.667 ms which is coherent with
Figure 16: Simulating SV publishing with actual data the 60 Hz profile. Delta degrees show 360, meaning one
on the neutral channel of the stream complete cycle is captured.

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IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration
SV Viewer phasor diagram
Clicking on the will display a phasor diagram of the
monitored SV. Phasors of any two SV streams with
respect to a particular sample count can be compared.

Figure 18: Snipped waveform on “SV Viewer” tab

Figure 20: Phasor view
The user can also edit the colours shown on the graph by
clicking on the EDIT GRAPH COLORS ( ) button. Menu options
Selection of colour for each stream’s respective voltage and New Session
current channel is recommended.
The user can start a new session by either clicking on FILE ->
NEW SESSION or the button. Starting a new session will
reset all the data and restart the GUI.

Open
Figure 19: Graph colour dialogue
The user can load a saved SVA configuration by clicking on
The user can also select which streams, current channels,
FILE -> OPEN or the button.
and voltage channels are displayed in the graph area by
checking or un-checking the boxes in the tree view as seen Save
in the blue outlined box in Figure 17. There is also an option
to view the data in “mA”, “A”, “kA”, “mV”, “V”, and “kV” The user can save their SVA configuration by clicking on FILE
by choosing the desired setting in the drop-down menu as -> SAVE or the button. All values that the user configured
shown in the black outlined box in Figure 17. will be saved (SV Configurator fields, Network Interface,
Phase Angle, Capture Frequency, Graph Colours, Selected
The recording feature for future analysis and data storage is Stream, and Current/Voltage channels).
also available within this tab. The user can record and save
the data into an ASCII 2013 COMTRADE (Common format RTMS tools that are functional with SV Mode
for Transient Data Exchange for power systems) “.cfg” file
PowerDB D100.53.15 and above allow the following screens
by clicking on the START ( ) button in the “Record/
to be functional in SV mode:
Save” area.
„ Home screen
The monitor must be running for data to be recorded. If
„ Ramp screen – Simple and advanced
the data is being recorded the user will see
„ TOC screen – Timing (directional not tested)
in the bottom left of the graph area. Clicking on the Stop
„ Click-onto-fault screen
( ) button will stop the recording.

If needed, COMTRADE can be exported by selecting the

Export COMTRADE ( ) button on the bottom
left. It is worth remembering that the exported COMTRADE
is in primary values because of the nature of SV streams.
Secondly, the CT/PT ratio of the exported COMTRADE is 1:1.
The user can manually enter the ratios in a viewer tool they
own.

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 IEC 61850 Sampled Values Configuration

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