Unit 5 Summative Assessment Practice

Show your work for each question in the space provided. Examples and equations may be included in
your responses where appropriate. For calculations, clearly show the method used and the steps involved
in arriving at your answers. You must show your work to receive credit for your answer. Pay attention to
significant figures.

2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

1. The reaction between Li(s) and H2O(l) is represented by the equation shown above.

(a) A student makes the claim that the reaction represented by the equation shown above is
classified as an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.

(i) Do you agree or disagree with the student’s claim?

(ii) Justify your answer to (a)(i) by assigning oxidation numbers to each element on both sides
of the chemical equation.

Oxidation Numbers (Reactants) Oxidation Numbers (Products)

Li = H= O= Li = H (in LiOH) = O= H (in H 2) =

(b) Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction represented by the equation shown above.
You do not need to include the symbols for phases of matter such as (s) or (aq) in your
equation.

Trial Mass of Li(s) Form of Li(s) Volume of H2O(l) Temperature of H2O(l)

1 5.0 g single piece of metal 500 mL 20°C
2 5.0 g single piece of metal 500 mL 40°C

(c) Two different trials for this reaction were performed under different conditions according to the
information shown above. In which trial should the reaction occur at the faster initial rate?
Justify your choice by describing the how the collisions between reactant particles are affected
by the specific change that was made in the experimental conditions.
 N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

2. Gaseous ammonia, NH3(g), can be synthesized from N2(g) and H2(g) according to the equation
shown above. At a certain point in time during the reaction, the rate of formation of NH 3(g) was
equal to 0.018 mol L–1 s–1. Calculate the rate of disappearance of H2(g) at that same point in time.
Include units in your answer.

2 HgCl2(aq) + C2O42–(aq) → 2 Cl–(aq) + 2 CO2(g) + Hg2Cl2(aq)

3. The equation for the reaction between HgCl2(aq) and C2O42–(aq) is shown above. The initial rate of
formation of Cl–(aq) at constant temperature was measured in different trials with various initial
concentrations of the reactants, as shown in the following table.

Initial Rate of
Initial [HgCl2] Initial [C2O42–]
Experiment Formation of Cl–(aq)
(M) (M)
(M min–1)
Trial 1 0.0850 0.200 5.44 × 10–5
Trial 2 0.0850 0.400 2.18 × 10–4
Trial 3 0.0425 0.400 1.09 × 10–4
Trial 4 0.0675 ? 3.01 × 10–4

(a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to HgCl 2. Justify your answer.

(b) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to C 2O42–. Justify your answer.

(c) Write the rate law for the reaction.

(d) Calculate the value of the rate constant k for this reaction. Include units in your answer.

(e) Calculate the initial concentration of C 2O42– in Trial 4. Include units in your answer.
4. A kinetics experiment was done to study the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). The
concentration of NO2(g) in a rigid reaction vessel is monitored over time as it decomposes at
500 K. The data from the experiment is shown in the table below.

(a) Fill in the missing data in the table below. Round off all of the calculated values in the table to
three significant figures.

Time [NO2] 1/[NO2]

ln[NO2]
(s) (M) (M–1)
0.0 0.100
20.0 0.0676
40.0 0.0510
60.0 0.0410
80.0 0.0342

(b) What is the order of the reaction with respect to NO 2(g)? Justify your answer.

(c) Based on your answer to part (b),

write the rate law for this reaction.

(d) The initial reaction rate is determined to be 0.0012 mol L–1 s–1. Calculate the value of the rate
constant k for the decomposition of NO2(g) at 500 K. Include units in your answer.

(e) Calculate the time required, in seconds, for the concentration of NO 2 to change from
0.100 M to 0.0500 M in this experiment.

(f) Calculate the concentration of NO2, in moles per liter, that should be present in the reaction
vessel in this experiment when the reaction time is equal to 100.0 seconds.
4. (continued)

The following two-step mechanism has been proposed for the decomposition of NO 2.

Step 1 (slow step) NO2(g) → NO(g) + O(g)

Step 2 (fast step) NO2(g) + O(g) → NO(g) + O2(g)

(g) Based on this proposed mechanism, write the balanced equation for the decomposition of NO 2.

(h) Is the rate law that is derived from this proposed mechanism consistent with the experimentally
determined rate law that you wrote in part (c)? Justify your answer.

5. Carbon–11 (11C) is an isotope of carbon that undergoes a nuclear decay process in which it is
converted into boron–11 (11B). The half-life for this decay process is equal to 20.3 minutes.

(a) Calculate the value of the rate constant (k) for the nuclear decay of 11C.
Include units in your answer.

(b) A pure sample of 11C with a mass of 275 mg undergoes nuclear decay. Calculate the mass, in
milligrams, of 11C present in this sample after 75.0 minutes.

(c) A pure sample of 11C with a mass of 182 mg undergoes nuclear decay. Calculate the time, in
minutes, for the mass of 11C to decrease to a value of 36 mg.
6. The following three-step mechanism has been proposed for the reaction between Cl 2 and C5H10.

Step 1 (slow step) Cl2 → 2 Cl

Step 2 (fast step) Cl + C5H10 → HCl + C5H9

Step 3 (fast step) Cl + C5H9 → C5H9Cl

(a) Based on this proposed mechanism, write the balanced

equation for the reaction between Cl2 and C5H10.

(b) Write the rate law that is derived

from this proposed mechanism.

7. The elementary reaction that occurs between AX2Z(g) and BX(g) is represented by the particle
diagram shown above.

(a) During this reaction, a bond is broken between __________ and __________.

(b) During this reaction, a bond is formed between __________ and __________.

(c) The diagrams below represent collisions between reactant particles. Select the diagram that is
most likely to result in the formation of the products in this elementary reaction. Assume that
each collision occurs with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy associated with
the reaction.
 X2(g) → 2 X(g)

8. The conversion of X2(g) into X(g) is represented by the equation above. It is observed that this
reaction proceeds at a very slow rate at a temperature of 20°C. The reaction rate increases at a
temperature of 50°C.

The graph below shows a distribution for the collision energies of reactant molecules at 20°C.
Draw a second curve on the graph that shows the distribution for the collision energies of reactant
molecules at 50°C.

9. The diagram above represents data from an experiment involving the chemical reaction represented
by the following equation.

2 X2Y2 → 2 X2Y + Y2

The concentration of X2Y2 was monitored over time during the reaction. The graph shown above
illustrates the relationship between the natural log (ln) of the concentration of X 2Y2 and the reaction
time (in minutes).

(a) Write a rate law for this reaction that is consistent

with the information presented in the graph.
9. (continued)

(b) What are the units of the rate constant (k)

in the rate law that you wrote in part (a)?

(c) The initial reaction conditions for Trial 1 and Trial 2

are different. Identify the variable that was changed
in Trial 2 that best explains the difference in the
appearance of the data in the graph for Trials 1 and 2.

(d) A third trial was performed for this same reaction, in which the initial concentration of X 2Y2
was the same value as what was used in Trial 2. The initial temperature of the reaction in
Trial 3 was lower the initial temperature in Trial 2. Based on this information, draw a line on
the graph on the previous page that shows how the data for ln[X 2Y2] versus time in Trial 3
would appear differently than the data in Trial 2. The line that you draw for Trial 3 should
represent data collected over the same time interval as what was used in Trials 1 and 2.

10. Answer the following questions related to ethylene, C 2H4.

(a) In the box shown above, draw the correct Lewis electron-dot diagram for the C 2H4 molecule in
which each carbon atom obeys the octet rule. Show all bonding and nonbonding valence
electrons.

C2H4(g) reacts with HCl(g) to produce C2H5Cl(g), as represented by the following equation.

C2H4(g) + HCl(g) → C2H5Cl(g)

(b) This reaction is carried out in a rigid reaction vessel. Do you predict that the total pressure in
the reaction vessel should decrease, increase, or remain the same as the reaction proceeds under
conditions of constant temperature? Justify your answer in terms of a description of the gas
particles.
10. (continued)

It is proposed that the formation of C2H5Cl(g) from C2H4(g) and HCl(g) proceeds via the following
two-step reaction mechanism.

Step 1 (slow step) C2H4(g) + HCl(g) → C2H5+(g) + Cl–(g)

Step 2 (fast step) C2H5+(g) + Cl–(g) → C2H5Cl(g)

(c) Write the rate law that is derived

from this proposed mechanism.

(d) A student makes the claim that C 2H5+(g) behaves as an intermediate in the proposed
mechanism shown above. Do you agree or disagree with the student’s claim?
Justify your answer.

(e) It is determined that this overall chemical reaction is classified as exothermic.

On the incomplete energy diagram below, draw a curve that shows the following two details.
 the change in energy for the overall chemical reaction
 the relative activation energy values for the two elementary steps of the proposed reaction
mechanism.

(f) On the energy diagram that you drew above, draw a vertical arrow ( ↕ ) to clearly indicate the
magnitude of the activation energy barrier for the rate-determining step of the proposed
two-step reaction mechanism.