Bacterial Agent Clinical Presentation Reservoir Predisposing Factors Virulence Factors Complications Lab Diagnosis

Capsule, slime layer,

Folliculitis, Furuncles
Coagulase, Gram-positive cocci in
(boils/abscess) - Breaks in the skin, -
Staphylococcus Staphylokinase, B- - SSSS, TSST cluster, B-hemolytic,
Carbuncle, bullus Humans Nasal carriers
aureus lactamases, MecA, - catalase-positive,
Impetigo
Exfoliative toxins, Coagulase-positive
superantigen
- non-bullous Impetigo
(honey-colored Adherence factors, M Gram-positive cocci in
Streptococcus crusts), Cellulitis, Close contact, Breaks protein, Exo A,B, C, chains, B-hemolytic,
Humans - PSG, RF, scarlet fever
pyogenes [GAS] Erysipelas, necrotizing in the skin Hyaluronidase, catalase-negative,
fasciitis, Pharyngitis Streptokinase, bacitracin sensitive
Rapid onset
-Gram-positive rods,
Clostridium - Gas gangrene - Trauma, puncture - Myonecrosis,
Soil - Alpha toxin spore forming,
perfringens (myonecrosis) wound, surgery systemic toxicity
anaerobic
- "Hot tub" folliculitis.
- Gram-negative rods,
Pseudomonas Ecthyma
Water - Burns - Exotoxin A - Sepsis Oxidase-positive,
aeruginosa gangrenosum, diabetic
green
foot ulcer
Oral/cervicofacial/ Gram-positive
Dental caries, dental
Actinomyces israelii lumpy jaw, draining Humans filamentous rods,
procedures
sinuses sulfur granules
Gram-negative curved
Cellulitis, painful shellfish, oysters, Contact with shellfish,
Vibrio vulnificus rods, Oxidase-positive,
bullae clams oysters, clams
Halophilic
 Location of
Viral Agent Clinical Presentation and Type of Lesions Structure of Virus Latency Complications
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, Cold
Herpes Simplex Virus Trigeminal
sores, herpetic whitlow, genital lesions, Enveloped, dsDNA encephalitis
(HSV) Ganglia
Vesicular lesions on erythematous base
Varicella-Zoster Virus Chickenpox-crop, shingles-dew drop on Dorsal Root Postherpetic neuralgia,
Enveloped, dsDNA
(VZV) rose petal-dermatomal, cowdry typeA IB Ganglia pneumonia

Molluscum Contagiosum Smooth, dome-shaped papules with

Enveloped, dsDNA IC- disseminated
Virus (MCV) central umbilication

Maculopapular rash, CCCP, Koplik spots SSPE, Giant cell

Measles/rubeola Virus Enveloped, ssRNA
pneumonia

Vesicular rash on palms, soles, and oral Non-enveloped, Dehydration due to painful
Coxsackie A
mucosa (HFMD) ssRNA swallowing
Fungal Agent Clinical Presentation Endemicity Predisposing Factors Microscopy
Thrush, Diaper rash, skin Antibiotics, Diabetes, Round and budding yeast,
Candida spp. Worldwide
folds rash, Vulvovaginitis Immunosuppression pseudohyphae
Ringworm (raised
Dermatophytes (Tinea) erythematous border- Warm, moist
Thin hyaline branching
Trichophyton/Microsporo central clearing) , Athlete's Worldwide environments, close
hyphae
n/epidermophyton foot, Jock itch, contact
onychomycoses
Lymphocutaneous lesions, Worldwide (more in Thorn pricks Cigar shaped yeast cells in
Sporothrix schenckii
Ulcers tropics) (Gardner/farmer) tissue
Spaghetti and meatballs
Malassezia spp. Pityriasis Versicolor Worldwide Warm, humid climates
appearance
North, central and
Skin lesions, Pulmonary
Blastomyces dermatitidis southeastern US/decaying Inhalation of spores Broad-based budding yeast
infections
vegetation
 Clinical Predisposing
Parasitic Agent Presentation Endemicity Factors/Vector Complications Microscopy
Intense pruritic
Secondary
red papule, Middle East, Asia, Amastigotes
Cutaneous Sandfly bite bacterial infection,
Ulcers with raised Africa, Central and within
Leishmaniasis (Phlebotomous) Scarring,
borders/serous South America macrophages
disfigurement
material
Trypomastigotes
Acute: Fever, in blood smear,
Chronic:
Chagas Disease Swelling at site of Amastigotes
Central and South Reduviid bug Cardiomyopathy,
(Trypanosoma entry (Chagoma), within
America ("kissing bug") Megaesophagus,
cruzi) Romana's sign macrophages/mus
Megacolon
(eyelid swelling) cle/bone marrow

Larvae within
Muscle pain, Ingestion of Myocarditis,
muscle cells,
Trichinella spiralis Fever, Periorbital Worldwide undercooked pork Encephalitis,
encysted, coiled in
edema containing larvae Pneumonia
muscle
Zoonotic Agent Clinical Presentation Reservoir and Vector Predisposing Factors Virulence Factors Microscopy
Cutaneous anthrax:
Contact with infected Anthrax toxins: Protective
Painless ulcer with a black Soil; Spores can infect Large, square-ended rods,
Bacillus anthracis animals or animal antigen, Edema factor,
eschar, surrounding humans and animals may see spores
products/occupational Lethal factor
edema/bioweapon
Cat Scratch Fever: Papule
Warthin-Starry stain
at inoculation site, Chronic Cat scratch or
Bartonella henselae Cats; Cat fleas shows small, Gram-
regional bite/occupational
negative coccobacilli
lymphadenopathy
Ulceroglandular
tularemia: Ulcer at
inoculation site (necrotic Rabbits; Tick and Deer Fly Handling infected animals, Gram- negative
Francisella tularensis
center with raised border), bites tick bites/occupational coccobacilli
fever, lymphadenopathy
/bioweapon
Cellulitis, lymphadenitis,
Domestic animals, Animal bite or Gram negative bipolar-
Pasteurella multocida Abscess at the bite or
especially cats and dogs scratch/occupational staining rods
scratch site
Erythema migrans ("bull's-
Dark-field microscopy sees
Borrelia burgdorferi eye" rash), flu-like Deer; Deer Tick (Ixodes) Tick bite
spirochetes
symptoms, lyme disease
Prolonged close contact Prefers cool areas of body,
Leprosy: Skin lesions, Humans, Armadillos;
Mycobacterium leprae with patients; genetic evades immune response Acid-fast bacilli
nerve damage Respiratory droplets
predisposition by intracellular survival
Fever, myalgia, headache, Rodents (especially rats); Exposure to contaminated
Dark-field microscopy or
conjunctivitis, jaundice, transmitted via water (farmers, sewage
Leptospira interrogans silver staining for
renal failure (Weil's contaminated water or workers, recreational
spirochetes. MAT
disease) soil water activities)