STATIC GK

FOR
MPCJ
GEOGRAPHY
Facts about India:

• Area – 3.28 million square km (2.4 % of the total world area)

• Border with 7 countries:
(i) Pakistan (ii) Afghanistan (iii) China (iv) Nepal (v) Bhutan (vi) Bangladesh
& (vii) Myanmar
• Standard Meridian of India (82°30′ E) passes through Mirzapur in Uttar
Pradesh
• The highest peak in South India is – Anaimudi
• The highest peak in South India is -Mahendragiri.
• Climate: tropical monsoon type
• Monsoons in India are of two types: South-west Monsoon and North-east
Monsoon
• Retreating monsoons –October and November

Note:

• Ten Degree Channel separates Andaman from Nicobar (Little Andaman from
Car Nicobar)
• Duncan Passage lies between South Andaman & Little Andaman.
• Nine Degree Channel separates Kavaratti from Minicoy Island.
• Eight Degree Channel separates Minicoy Island (India) from Maldives.

Important international borders:

• Durand Line Pakistan & Afghanistan

• MacMohan Line India & China
• Radcliffe Line India & Pakistan
• 38th Parallel North & South Korea
• 49th Parallel USA & Canada

Important mountains

• Andes -- South America

• Rockies -- North America
• Atlas and Kilimanjaro --- Africa
• Ural and Alps ---Europe
• Mount Eribus --- Antartica
 12 MAJOR PORTS
PORT STATE

▪ Kolkata West Bengal

▪ Paradip Orissa
▪ Vishakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh
▪ Chennai Tamil Nadu
▪ Ennore Tamil Nadu
▪ Tuticorin Tamil Nadu
▪ Cochin Kerala
▪ New Mangalore Karnataka
▪ Mormugao Goa
▪ Jawaharlal Nehru Maharashtra
▪ Mumbai port Maharashtra
▪ Kandla Gujarat

Nuclear power Plant Place

Kaiga Karnataka

Kakrapar
Gujrat

Kudankulam Tamil Nadu

Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu

Narora Uttar Pradesh

Rajasthan Rajasthan

Tarapur (First nuclear reactor of Maharashtra

India)
▪ Atmosphere layers:
• Atmosphere layer where All the weather activities occur: Troposphere
• Ozone layer: Stratosphere
• Auroras: Thermosphere
• Atmosphere layer which reflects radio - waves is known as – Ionosphere

Note:

• Jupiter – 2nd largest (Ganymede (largest moon of Jupiter))

• Saturn –largest moons -Titan (largest moon of Saturn)
• Mars – two (Phobos and Deimos)

8 SOIL TYPES FOUND IN SOIL

1. Alluvial soils [43%]

2. Black soils [15%]
3. Red soils,
4. Laterite and Lateritic soils,
5. Forest and Mountain soils,
6. Arid and Desert soils,
7. Saline and Alkaline soils and
8. Peaty and Marshy soils.

CROP PRODUCTION

▪ Rice: West Bengal and UP

▪ Wheat: UP & MP
▪ Maize: KRT & MP
▪ Gram: MH & MP
▪ Pulses: MP & MH
▪ Groundnut: Gujarat & RJ
▪ Soybean: MH & MP
▪ Sugarcane: Up & MH
▪ Cotton: Gujarat, MH And Telangana
▪ Jute: West Bengal And Assam
 MINERAL DISTRIBUTION
▪ India is the largest producer of milk, pulses and jute, mica.
▪ Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of manganese in India. (South Africa is
the world's largest)
▪ Largest coal producing state in India is Jharkhand, followed by Odisha and
Chhattisgarh. (World -china)
▪ Karnataka accounts for 80% gold production in India; China is the largest gold
producer in the world.
▪ Odisha is the largest producer of Iron ore in India. (Australia)
▪ Odisha is the largest Bauxite producing state in the country. (Australia)

Note: Raniganj was the very first coalfield in India

Coal Mines State

Jharia (Largest Coal Mine), Dhanbad, Bokaro, Girdih Jharkhand
Raniganj (Oldest Coalfield) Coalfield, Birbhum West Bengal
Korba, Hasdeo Chhattisgarh
Talcher Odisha
Neyveli Tamil Nadu
Singrauli MP

Iron Ore State

Bailadila &Dalli-Rajhara Mine Chhattisgarh
Gudur Mines Andhra Pradesh
Majhgawan Panna Mines Madhya Pradesh

***Largest oil field Digboi–Assam–Oldest oil field in India

LAKES IN INDIA STATE/UT

Vembanad Lake Kerala

Chilika Lake Odisha

Shivaji Sagar Lake Maharashtra

Indira Sagar lake Madhya Pradesh

Pangong Lake Ladakh

Pulicat Lake Andhra Pradesh

Sardar Sarovar Lake Gujarat

Nagarjuna Sagar Lake Telangana

Loktak Lake Manipur

Wular lake Jammu and Kashmir

Kanwar lake Bihar

Sambhar lake RJ
River Tributaries
Indus Jhelum, Chenab, Rabi/Ravi, Beas Sutlej
Jhelum Kishanganga
Ravi Budhil, Nai or Dhona, Seul, Ujh
Ramganga, Gomti, Ghagghar, Gandak, Kosi, Mahannda,
Ganga
Yamuna, Son, Damodar
Yamuna Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, Ken, Tons, Sharda
Chambal Banas, Kali Sindh, Shipra, Parbati, Mej
Brahmaputra/
Dibang, Lohit, Dhansiri, Subansiri, Manas, Tista
Dihang/Tsangpo
Mahanadi Seonath, Hasdeo, Jonk, Mand, Ib, Ong, Tel
Damodar Barakar, Konar
Narmada Kolar, Dudhi, Hiran, Bhukhi, Tawa
Tapti Purna, Girna, Panzhara, Bori, Aner
Godavari/ Indravati, Manjira, Bindusara, Sarbari, Penganga,
Vriddh Ganga Pranahita
Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, Bhima, Vedavati, Koyna,
Krishna
Warna, Dindi, Musi, Dudhganga
Cauvery/Kaveri/ Kabini, Hemavathi, Simsha, Arkavathi, Lakshaman Tirtha,
Dakshin Ganga Noyyal, Amaravati
 DAMS

Dam River State

Nagarjunasagar Krishna Telangana
Sri Ramasagar Godavari Telangana
Srisailam Krishna A.P.
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Gujarat
Ukai Tapi Gujarat
Hirakud Mahanadi Orissa
Bhakra Nangal Sutlej Himachal Pradesh
Maharana Pratap Sagar Beas Himachal Pradesh
Ranjit Sagar Ravi Punjab
Baglihar Chenab Jammu & Kashmir

Panchet Damodar Jharkhand

Tehri Bhagirathi Uttarakhand

Koyna Koyna Maharashtra
Mettur Kaveri Tamilnadu
Krishnaraja Sagar Kaveri Karnataka
Mullaperiyar Periyar Kerala
Gandhisagar Chambal Madhya Pradesh
ECONOMICS
▪ Father of micro-economics: Adam Smith

▪ Father of macro-economics: John Maynard Keynes

▪ Laissez-faire: The principle of non-intervention of government in economic

affairs.

▪ Lorenz Curve indicates income distribution.

▪ Gini Coefficient: A value of 0 indicates perfect equality (where everybody has

the same wealth/income) and 1 indicates perfect inequality

▪ Phillips curve: inverse relationship between unemployment rate and inflation.

▪ Laffer Curve shows the relationship between tax rates and total tax revenue
 INDIAN ECONOMY

▪ Agricultural Based Economy

▪ Mixed Economy

▪ 5th largest Economy

▪ Agricultural sector is the largest employer in the Indian economy.

▪ GDP contribution: Primary Sector (21.82 percent) < Secondary Sector (24.29

percent) < Tertiary sector (53.89 percent)

▪ National income estimation is the responsibility of Central Statistical

Organization (CSO).

▪ First Five-Year Plan was based on the Harrod–Domar model.

▪ The second Five Year plan was based on Mahalanobis model.

▪ Third five-year plan is also known as “Gadgil Yojana”

▪ Planned economy for India' was a book written by M. Visvesvaraya

▪ REPO and reverse repo

▪ CLR: Cash Reserve Ratio

▪ SLR stands for Statutory Liquidity Ratio

▪ Fiscal Deficit: government's total expenditures exceed the total revenue that

it generates, excluding money from borrowings.

▪ Primary deficit: Primary deficit is defined as the difference between the

fiscal deficit and the previous year interest payments of the government.
 IMPORTANT DATES
▪ Gender Budget Statement (GBS) was first introduced in the Indian Budget in

2005-06.

▪ Banking Regulation Act was passed in India in 1949

▪ New Economic Policy of India was announced in the year 1991

▪ NABARD(National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) was

established on 12th July 1982. HQ: Bombay

▪ Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA 1973) and Foreign Exchange

Management Act (FEMA 1999)

▪ Reserve Bank of India (RBI): HQ- Mumbai, 1st April 1935.

▪ NITI Aayog: New Delhi, 1st January 2015.

▪ Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): Mumbai, 12 April 1992.

▪ Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI): HQ: Lucknow, 2 April

1990

▪ Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): New Delhi, 20 February 1997.

▪ Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI): New Delhi, August

2011(Under Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006

NOTE: As of 2023, there are 13 Maharatna companies in India.

No Company Name

1 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

2
(BPCL)

3 Coal India Limited (CIL)

4 Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

5
(HPCL)

6 Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)

National Thermal Power Corporation

7
(NTPC)

8 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)

Power Grid Corporation of India

9
(POWERGRID)

10 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)

11 Power Finance Corporation (PFC)

Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

12
(REC)

13 Oil India Limited (OIL)

HISTORY
Ancient time:

▪ Haryanka Dynasty – Bimbisara

▪ Shishunaga Dynasty- Shishunaga

▪ Nanda Dynasty- Mahapadma Nanda

▪ Mauryan Dynasty- Chandragupta Maurya

▪ Gupta Dynasty-Srigupta

▪ Kushan dynasty-Kadphises I

▪ Satavahanas Dynasty-Simuka

▪ Chalukya Dynasty- Pulakeshin I

▪ Chola Dynasty- Vijayalaya

▪ Rashtrakuta dynasty- Dantidurga

▪ Pala empire- Gopala

▪ Vijayanagara Empire- Harihara and Bukka

Note:

1. Sangama-founded by Harihara and Bukkka (both brothers served in the army

of Muhammad bin Tughalaq)

2. Saluva-founded by Narsimha

3. Tuluva-founded by Veernarsimha

4. Aravidu-founded by Tirumala
▪ Slave or Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1210) - Qutub uddin Aibek (known as Lakh

Baksh)

▪ Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320)-Jallauddin Khilji

▪ Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)- Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (founded the city

Tughlaqabad)

▪ Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) -Khizra khan

▪ Mughal Empire-Babur

✓ Buddhism is based upon triratnas i.e., Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.

✓ Rishabhdeva (1st Tirthankara), Parsvanath (23rd Tirthankara) and Mahavir

Swami (24th and last) & Triratnas i.e. Right faith, Right actionand Right

character.
Indian philosophy Founder What It Says
Sankhya Kapil muni • Oldest of all philosophies
• Dualistic philosophy with Purusha
(soul) and Prakriti (nature)
• Goal: attainment of knowledge of self
through meditation and concentration.

Yoga Patanjali • A method of physical and mental

discipline.
Nyaya Gautam muni • Follows a scientific and a rational
approach.
• To explain this Gautam muni gave a
famous proposition, "Where there is
smoke, there is fire".

Vaisheshika Kanada • All substances in the universe are made

up of atom. Atom is the smallest
indivisible and indestructible part of the
universe.
Purva mimamsa Sage Jaimini • Focus on performing Vedic rituals

Uttara ▪ Here is no difference between the

mimamsa/vedanta creator and the creation, knowing this
difference causes liberation.
It is sub divided into • It believes God alone exists. All else that
6 parts: is seen are his manifestations or
attributes.
1.Shankarachaarya • Considers Brahman and Atman as two
1.Advaita 2. Ramanuja different entities, and Bhakti as the route
2.Visishtadvaita 3. Madhvacharya to eternal salvation.
3.Dvaita 4. Nimbarka • Brahman is the highest reality, the
4. Dvaitadvaita 5. Vallabhacharya controller of all.
5.Shuddhadvaita 6.Chaitanya • States that both God and the individual
6.Achintya Mahaprabhu self are the same, and not different.
BhedaAbheda
• Supreme Lord and His energies are
simultaneously one and different from
each other.
 MODERN HISTORY

Regulating Act, 1773

• Warren Hastings was made the first Governor-General of Bengal.

• Establishment of Supreme Court: Calcutta (Sir Elijah Impey was the first
Chief Justice)
Pitt’s India Act, 1784

• Board of control – For Political Affairs

• Court of directors – For Commercial Affairs

Charter Act, 1813

• End of Company’s Monopoly over market except for trade in Tea and China.
• 1 lac RS. for education promotion

Charter Act, 1833:

• Company’s monopoly over trade with China and in tea ended.
• William Bentinck became the first Governor- General of India.
• Law Commission-Lord Macaulay was the first Law commissioner.

Charter Act, 1853:

• Open to a competitive examination

Government of India Act, 1858: (Act for Good Government)

• End of Company Rule: India was to be governed by and in the name of the
Crown
• The first Viceroy of India was Lord Canning.
Government of India Act, 1909/Morley-Minto Act–

• Indians were incorporated in the Executive council of Viceroy (Satyendra

Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join.)

• Separate electorate system (Lord Minto came to known as father of Communal

Electorate)

Government of India Act, 1919/Montagu-Chelmsford

▪ Bicameral legislature

▪ Introduction to Diarchy (rule of two)

▪ Subjects were divided into two lists: ‘reserved’ and ‘transferred’.

Government of India Act, 1935 (Lord Willingdon)

• Establishment of All India Federation consisting of provinces and princely

states as units.

• Three list of legislature were created.

National struggle:

▪ On 16th Oct 1905, partition of Bengal was announced by Lord Curzon

▪ Annulment of Participation of Bengal 1911 by Lord Hardinge. (Shifted the

administrative capital from Calcutta to Delhi.)

▪ Home rule movement - April 1916 by Anne Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

▪ Rowlatt act and satyagraha (1919): Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act.

▪ Jallianwala Bagh massacre: On 13th April

1. Champaran satyagraha-1917 – Bihar

2. Ahmedabad mill strike -1918

3. Kheda satyagraha -1918

▪ Chauri Chaura accident on 4th Feb, 1922. (Non-cooperation movement and

khilafat movement (1920-22))

▪ on March 12, 1930, with 78 other Ashram members for Dandi, on April 6, 1930.

(From Sabarmati To Dandi)

Note:

▪ In Dharshana Gujarat-Sarojani Naidu

• In Kerala - K. Kelappan

• N.W. Frontier -Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Khudai khidmatdar, known as red

shirt)

• In Nagaland, Rani Gadinlieu (13 years)

➢ Gandhi ji signed Poona Pact with B. R. Ambedkar.

➢ Individual Satyagraha -1940

❖ 1st Satyagrahi - Acharya Vinoba Bhave

❖ 2nd Satyagrahi - J. L. Nehru

➢ On August 8,1942: Quit India movement (do or die)-from Gowalia Tank

Maidan

➢ Cripps Mission -March 1942, headed by Sir Richard Stafford (Dominion

status)

➢ Cabinet Mission -1946: three British cabinet members – Pethick Lawrence,

Stafford Cripps, & and A.V. Alexander.

➢ Revolutionary time:

• 1908 - Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose.

• 1909 - Curzon-Wyllie was killed by Madan Lal Dhingra

• 1912 - Delhi Lahore conspiracy Sachin Sanyal and Rashbehari Bose throw

Bomb at Viceroy Hardinge.

• 1925 - Kakori Conspiracy by the youth of the Hindustan Republican

Association (later renamed Hindustan Socialist Republican Association)

including Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad,

Rajendra Lahiri, Thakur Roshan Singh.

• 1930 - Chittagong Armoury Raid: Surya Sen

Note:

• Formation of Swaraj Party in 1922 by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru.

• First Session: held at Bombay in 1885. President: W.C. Bannerjee
• Third Session: held at Madras in 1887. President: Syed Badruddin Tyabji, first
Muslim President.
• Fourth Session: held at Allahabad in 1888. President: George Yule, first
English President.
• 1907: Surat. President: Rash Bihari Ghosh: Split in Congress- Moderates &
Extremist
• 1916: Lucknow. President: A.C. Majumdar (Unity between two factions-
Moderates and Extremists of Congress) & Lucknow Pact signed between
Congress and Muslim League
• 1917: Calcutta. President: Annie Besant, First Woman President of Congress
• 1924: Belgaum. President: M.K. Gandhi
• 1925: Kanpur. President: Sarojini Naidu, First Indian Woman President
• 1929: Lahore. President: Jawahar Lal Nehru
→ Passed the resolution on ‘Poorna Swaraj.’
→ 26th January to be observed as ‘Independence Day

• 1931: Karachi. President: Vallabhbhai Patel

→ Resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic
Programme

• 1937: Faizpur. President: Jawahar Lal Nehru

→ First Session to be held in a village
GENERAL SCIENCE
Bacterial Diseases in Humans Causative Agent
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Diptheria Corynebacterium diptheriae
Cholera Vibrio cholerae
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae
Pertussis Bordetella pertussis
Tetanus Clostridium tetani
Plague Yersinia pestis

Viral Diseases in Humans Virus

Common cold Rhinovirus
Smallpox Variola virus
Rabies Rabies lyssavirus
Hepatitis Hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus
Measles Rubeola virus
Poliomyelitis Poliovirus
Influenza Influenza virus
Encephalitis Herpes Simplex Virus
Mumps Paramyxovirus

Disease Transmission

Amoebiasis Contaminated water or food

Diarrhoea Contaminated water or food

Malaria Mosquitoes

African sleeping sickness Tsetse fly

 OTHER FACTS
▪ Space Science & Technology Centre (SSTC) established in Thumba: 1965

▪ ISRO First Indian Satellite, Aryabhata, launched (April 19, 1975).

▪ Indo-Soviet manned space mission: 1984

▪ PSLV-C11 successfully launches CHANDRAYAAN-1 from Sriharikota (October

22, 2008)

▪ Homi J Bhabha, the father of India’s Nuclear program

▪ India is a leading country in Thorium resources which is a nuclear fuel)

▪ Nuclear Fission: The nucleus of an atom splits into two daughter nuclei. Eg.

nuclear reactors.

▪ Nuclear Fusion: Nuclear Fusion is defined as the combining of two lighter nuclei

into a heavier one. Eg. Energy source of stars like sun.

▪ Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nano scale, at

dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers.

UNITS