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Senior High School

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
States, Nations, and Globalization

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Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: States, Nations, and Globalization
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Ronelo Al K. Firmo, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Anna Maria G. Mejia
Christian C. Linsangan
Rochelle G. Tuliao
Content Editors: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Erwin C. Pagtalunan
Reviewers: Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD
Sergio B. Gonzales
Language Editor: Ann Christian A. Francisco
Illustration/ Layout Editor: Bryan Balintec
Illustrator: Neil John L. Supan
Layout Artist: Ric Jayson M. Santos
Management Team: Nicolas T. Capulong, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD
Marie Ann C. Ligsay, PhD
Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD
Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Matalino St., D.M. Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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Senior High School

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
States, Nations, and Globalization

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance –

Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on States, Nations, and Globalization!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed
and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on States, Nations, and Globalization!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module introduces you the basic

concepts of states and nation, essential
elements of the state, forms of globalization
and the relationship among nations and
states in the context of globalization. At the
end of the module, you will be able to relate
the knowledge and ideas that you have gained
with your daily activities and interpret how
globalization impact the political, economic
and socio-cultural aspects of the state and
nation.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – State and Nation
• Lesson 2 – Globalization

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define nation and state;
2. differentiate nation and state;
3. explain meanings of globalization;
4. evaluate how globalization influences state and nation; and
5. analyze the relationship among nations and states in the context of
globalization.

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What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a political community that has sovereign jurisdiction over a clearly

defined territory and exercises authority through several institutions
including the government.
a. Globalization
b. Nation
c. Sovereignty
d. State

2. It is an agency to which the political ideology of the state is expressed and

carried out.
a. Government
b. People
c. Sovereignty
d. Territory

3. It is a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or

language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
a. Globalization
b. Nation
c. People
d. State

4. It is the power of the state to enforce the law over its subjects within its
jurisdiction and demand obedience from them
a. Government
b. People
c. Sovereignty
d. Territory

5. It is the process whereby information, commodities and images that have been
produced in one part of the world enter into a global flow that tends to ‘flatten
out’ cultural differences between nations, regions and individuals.
a. Economic Globalization
b. Political Globalization
c. Religious Globalization
d. Socio-cultural Globalization

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6. It is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,

and governments of different nations, a process driven by international
trade and investment and aided by information technology.
a. Globalization
b. Nation
c. State
d. Territory

7. It includes all the land, sea and airspace the state exercises jurisdiction on.
a. Government
b. People
c. Sovereignty
d. Territory

8. Refers to the interconnectedness of economies through trade and the

exchange of resources.
a. Economic Globalization
b. Political Globalization
c. Religious Globalization
d. Cultural Globalization

9. Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people

companies and governments worldwide. The following statements are
advantages of globalization to one state or nation except one, which is this?
a. Development of trade systems
b. Interpenetration of cultures
c. Growing influence of international organizations
d. Globalization is a threat to our environment

10. Which of the following is good example of cultural globalization?

a. The rise of a global financial market
b. Transportation and flying made so easy and affordable
c. The power of the digital world via platforms such as Facebook
d. Food has been promoted by fast food giants such as McDonald's

11. Refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between different
countries.
a. Economic Globalization
b. Political Globalization
c. Religious Globalization
d. Socio-cultural Globalization

12. It is the power of the state to command authority within its jurisdiction.
a. Exclusive Economic Zone
b. External Sovereignty
c. Internal Sovereignty
d. Territory

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13. The following are example of political globalization except one, which is this?
a. European Union
b. United Nations
c. World Trade Organization
d. The rise of transnational companies like Mc Donald’s

14. It is the power and freedom of the state to carry out its activities without
foreign domination or control
a. Exclusive Economic Zone
b. External Sovereignty
c. Internal Sovereignty
d. Territory

15. The following statements best described the characteristic of a nation, except
one, which is this?
a. It is political in concept
b. The people are loyal and proud to be in the group
c. The people are set off from neighboring groups by: religion, language,
traditions, and way of life.
d. A central government strong enough to defend itself against its enemies
and keep order within its borders.

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Lesson
State and Nation
1
What’s In

You learned in Module 3 the nature, the faces, types and consequences of power.
Power plays a significant role in maintaining solidarity and stability of a state and
nation. Power is also associated with the ability to punish or reward. It is also the
capacity of an individual to make decisions and accomplish an authorized goal for
the goodness of its people, territory, and government.

What’s New

What related territorial issue was depicted by this picture. In 4-5 sentences give
your insights about it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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What is It

Meaning of State

According to De Leon (2009), as

stated by Liao (2014) a state is a
community of nations more or less
numerous, permanently occupying a
definite portion of territory, having a
government of their own to which the
great body of inhabitants render
obedience and enjoying freedom from
external control.

Elements of a State

Liao (2014) further explains that states are created based on the elements
mentioned below. According to him, if these requirements are not followed or if there
is a conflict or issue in one of the elements, the legitimacy of the state is always
challenged. He further emphasized that it is important that a state is recognized by
the international community, because without recognition, its existence, authority
and power are always in doubt.

1. People is the organization of human beings living together as a community.

2. Territory refers to the territorial domains over which the state exercises control
or sovereignty which includes all the land, sea and airspace the state exercises
jurisdiction on.
3. Government is an agency to which the political ideology of the state is
expressed and carried out.
4. Sovereignty it is the power of the state to enforce the law over its people within
its jurisdiction and demand obedience from them.

Two Types of Sovereignty

There are two types of sovereignty according to Liao (2014).

1. Internal Sovereignty - the power of the state to command authority within

its jurisdiction.
2. External Sovereignty - the power and freedom of the state to carry out its
activities without foreign domination or control.

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Duties of the State

According to Liao (2014) the following are the concerns of the state which are
also considered as its duties or responsibilities.

1. Peace and order and national security

2. Political harmony or good laws
3. Social justice
4. Economic development
5. Individual and collective development of people

Meaning of Nation

A nation is a group of people bound

together by certain characteristics and
shares the same history, ancestry,
culture, and language. Liao (2014)

Anderson (2006) asserted, as

mentioned by Liao (2014) that nations
were “imagined communities” - it is
imagined because even though people
do not know each other or do not meet
all the members, they share the same
common history, culture, language and tradition that are practiced by every member;
they have the same feelings of belongingness and talk the same events that were part
of their history even though they were miles away from one another.

State and nation are often used interchangeably. Although many people think
they are the same, in context and concept the words nation and state are vastly
different from one another. State and nation’s functionalities and attributes can be
used to analyse the difference between the two terms.

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What’s More

ACTIVITY 1
Using the T-diagram, write your justification about the Philippines as a nation and
as a state. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

THE PHILIPPINES

as a Nation as a State

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ACTIVITY 2
Choose the concepts from the box regarding the differences and similarities of a
nation and a state. Organize the concepts in a w-diagram, and answer the questions
that follows. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

• cultural-political community of people

• group of people organized for governance
• a population who shares a similar culture and ideals
• police power
• moral power
• homogenous nation governed by its own sovereign state

1. What makes a nation-state?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. How is nation different from state?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. How is nation related with state?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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4. Can nation be a state and vice versa?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate

sheet of paper.
1. What are the underlying characteristics distinguishing
state from nation?
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Can we consider the Philippines as a state if it only has three elements existing?
Justify your answer.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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What I Can Do

Create a physical map of an imaginary nation. Write the name of the nation on top
of the map. You should include at least five different land or water forms in the map
and give a unique name. Color the maps with colored pencil or crayons. Explain how
your imaginary nation is conducive to a productive and developed society. Use
another sheet for your output.

Your imaginary nation will be checked using the criteria below.

Illustration - 15 points
Originality - 10 points
Creativity - 10 points
Content - 10 points
Design - 10 points
50 points

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Lesson
Globalization
2
What’s In

You learned in Lesson 1 the concepts of state and nation. Remember, state is a
political organization and a legal entity while nation is cultural.

What’s New

Think about what you see on the pitcure. In 4-5 sentences give your insights
about it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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What is It

Meaning of Globalization

As posted on the Globalization 101

webpage as of July 5, 2020, globalization is a
process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies, and governments of
different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided
by information technology. The same website
mentions that this process has effects on the
environment, on culture, on political
systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-
being in societies around the world.

Forms of Globalization

1. Economic Globalization

As posted on the tutor2u webpage as of July

5, 2020, economic globalization refers to the
interconnectedness of economies through trade
and the exchange of resources and further
explains that effectively, no national economy
really operates in isolation, which means
national economies influence each other. The
same website further explains that economic globalization also means that
there is a two-way structure for technologies and resources. For example,
country like the Philippines will sell their technologies to countries, which lack
these, and natural resources from developing countries are sold to the
developed countries that need them.

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2. Cultural Globalization

According to Heywood (2007), cultural

globalization is the process whereby
information, commodities and images that
have been produced in one part of the world
enter into a global flow that tends to ‘flatten
out’ cultural differences between nations,
regions and individuals (sometimes
portrayed as a process of McDonaldization).
He explains that driven, in part, by the
growth of transnational companies and the
emergence of global commodities, cultural
globalization is also fuelled by the so-called
‘information revolution’, the spread of satellite communication,
telecommunications networks, information technology and the internet, and
global media corporations. However, according to him, culture both serves and
constrains the forces of globalization. In addition to the ubiquity of Hollywood
movies, Nike running shoes and Starbucks coffee houses, selling goods across
the world requires a sensitivity to indigenous cultures and social practices.

3. Political Globalization

As posted on the tutor2u webpage as of July 5,

2020, political globalization refers to the amount of
political co-operation that exists between different
countries. The same website further explains that
this ties in with the belief that “umbrella” global
organizations are better placed than individual states
to prevent conflict. It mentioned the League of
Nations established after WW1 was certainly one of
the pioneers in this and stressed that since then,
global organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), United
Nations (UN), and more regional organizations such as the EU have helped to
increase the degree of political globalization

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What’s More

ACTIVITY 1
Complete the concept map below. Write descriptions or related concepts around the
main concept globalization. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Using the concept map that you accomplished, explain the meaning of globalization.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 2
Complete the table below. Identify current issues in our country which has reached
global attention and cite their positive and negative effects in our society. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Effect
Issue
Positive Negative

Political
Globalization

Economic
Globalization

Socio-Cultural
Globalization

Which of the issues influenced by globalization strike you the most? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 3
Look at the picture below and interpret the relationship among nations and states in
the context of globalization. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Why do you think globalization is significant to your life?

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

2. Discuss how globalization influences our identity as Filipinos in terms of:

A. Political

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

B. Economical

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

C. Cultural

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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Assessment

TRUE OR FALSE. The following are statements about state, nation and globalization.
On your answer sheet, write TRUE if the sentence is correct, write FALSE otherwise.

1. A nation is bounded by a common interest.

2. Government is the organization of human beings living together as a

community.

3. A state relates with the concept of government.

4. Globalization has led to strong global economic growth.

5. A nation is political in nature.

6. A nation is a community of people.

7. Global economic growth and industrial productivity are both the driving force
and the major consequences of globalization.

8. Economic globalization also means that there is a two-way structure for

technologies and resources.

9. A state is cultural in nature.

10. Migration, expatriation or traveling have contributed to the development of

cultural exchanges and have been shared among local communities.

FILL IN THE BLANKS. Choose the correct word inside the box. Write it on the blank
to complete the sentence.

Link Cultural Four Globalization Political

A state is a _______________ organization and it is composed of _______________

elements: people, territory, government and sovereignty. A nation is _______________
and backed by spiritual, emotional and moral power. _______________ pave the way
to the development of political, socio-cultural and economic aspects of one state and
nation. Through globalization, positive and negative effects was significantly
_______________ to the progress and success of the state and nation.

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Additional Activities

Do a photo documentation of your barangay? Pay attention to people and how

globalization influences the way of living in your place. What do they bring into
their respective groups that make them or their groupings unique and distinct
from others? How successfully have you photographs captured the “reality” of life
in your barangay? Make a collage out of these photos. Provide a separate sheet
for your output. Your photo collage will be checked using the criteria below.

Photos Selected - 15 points

Relevance to Theme - 15 points
Creativity - 5 points
Visual Impact - 10 points
Design - 5 points
Total - 50 points

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What I Know Assessment
1. D Test I
2. A
3. 1. True
B
2. False
4. C
3. True
5. D
6. 4. True
A
5. False
7. D
6. True
8. A
7. True
9. D
10. D 8. True
9. False
11. B
10. True
12. C
13. D
Test II
14. B
15. A 1. Political
2. Four
3. Cultural
4. Globalization
5. Link
Answer Key
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References
Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and
Spread of Nationalism.
Heywood, Andrew. 2007. Politics 3rd Edition.

Liao, Ken. 2014. Philippine History with Politics, Governance and Constitution.
Accessed July 1, 2020.
https://www.academia.edu/6392164/Philippine_History_with_Politics_Gove
rnance_and_Constitution.

n.d. Types of Globalization. https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/reference/types-of-

globalisation.
n.d. What is Globalization? Accessed July 5, 2020.
https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region III- Learning Resources

Management Section (DepEd Region III-LRMS)
Office Address: Diosdado Macapagal Government Center
Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)

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