Unit 1: Introduction to Python

2 Marks

1) What are the key features of Python?

• Easy to read, interpreted, dynamically typed, object-oriented, large libraries, cross-platform,
community-supported.

2) List any four string methods in Python?

.upper(), .lower(), .replace(), .strip().

3) What are the properties of a Python list?

• Mutable, ordered, allows duplicates, heterogeneous.

4) Explain the difference between a tuple and a list in Python?

• Lists are mutable and use `[]`; tuples are immutable and use `()`.

5) What is the use of a pass and break statement?

• Placeholder, does nothing. break : Exits loop immediately.

6) How can you access a value in a dictionary? Provide an example?

• my_dict = {"name": "Alice"}
print(my_dict["name"]) # Alice

7) List any two types of functions in Python and give a brief description of each?
• Built-in :- Predefined, e.g., `print()`.
• User-defined :- Created by user, e.g., `def my_func()`.

8) What is string slicing in Python? Provide an example?

• Extract part of string. `text = "Hello"; print(text[0:4]) # Hell`

9) List any special operators in Python and give a description of each?

• in, not in :- Check membership.

• is, is not :- Check identity.

10) Explain the concept of local and global variables with an example?
• Local is inside functions, global is outside.

11) What is the difference between append () and extend () methods in Python lists?
• append() :- Adds single item.
• extend() :- Adds multiple items.

12) How do you create a function in Python? Write a simple example of a function that
adds two
numbers.
• def add(a, b):
return a + b

4 Marks

1. What is Python? What are the benefits of using Python?

• Python is a high-level, versatile programming language known for simplicity and readability.
• Benefits:- include easy syntax, extensive libraries, cross-platform support, and
suitability for rapid development.

2. Explain function arguments in detail.

• Positional :- Values matched by position.
• Keyword :- Values matched by parameter name.
• Default :- Parameters with a default value.
• Arbitrary :- `*args` (for tuples), `**kwargs` (for dictionaries) handle variable numbers of
arguments.

3. Describe string manipulation techniques in Python with examples.

• Concatenation :- `+` operator to join strings (`"Hello" + "World"`).
• Slicing :- Extract parts using `[start:end]`.
• Methods :- `.upper()`, `.lower()`, `.replace()`, `.strip()`, etc.
• Example :-
text = "Python"
print(text.upper()) # Output: "PYTHON"
print(text[1:4]) # Output: "yth"

4. What is a dictionary? Explain three built-in dictionary functions with examples.

• A collection of key-value pairs.
• Examples :-
• ‘len()` - finds dictionary length: `len(my_dict)`.
• `keys()` - returns all keys: `my_dict.keys()`.
• `get()` - fetches a value by key with a default: `my_dict.get("key", "default")`.

5. Write an anonymous function to find the area of a rectangle given its length and width.
• area = lambda length, width: length * width
print(area(5, 3)) # Output: 15

6. Explain the use of control statements (break, continue, pass) with examples.
• break : Exits the loop.
for i in range(5):
 if i == 3:
break
print(i)
• continue : Skips to the next iteration.
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)
• pass : Placeholder that does nothing.
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
pass

7. How do you access and manipulate elements in a list? Provide examples of common
list operations.
• Access :- my_list[index].
• Modify :- my_list[index] = new_value.
• Append :- my_list.append(value).
• Remove :- my_list.remove(value).
• Example :-
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
my_list[0] = 10 # [10, 2, 3, 4]

8. What are the properties of dictionaries in Python? How do you access and modify their
values?
• Mutable, unordered, key-value pairs.
• Access/Modify
my_dict = {"name": "Alice"}
print(my_dict["name"]) # Access
my_dict["name"] = "Bob" # Modify

9. Define nested loops in Python and provide an example of their usage.

Loops inside loops, often used for multi-dimensional data.
for i in range(2):
for j in range(3):
print(i, j)

10. What are the differences between global and local variables in Python? Provide
examples
• Local : Defined inside a function; can’t be accessed outside.
• Global : Defined outside functions; accessible anywhere.
x = 10 # Global
 def func():
x = 5 # Local
print(x) # Output: 5

func()
print(x) # Output: 10

11. Explain string slicing in Python with examples.

• Extracts parts of strings using `[start:end:step]`.
• Example :-
text = "Hello, World!"
print(text[0:5]) # Output: "Hello"
print(text[::2]) # Output: "Hlo ol!"

12. What is the significance of the if-else statement? Provide an example demonstrating
its use.
• The `if-else` statement allows conditional execution of code.
• Example :-
num = 10
if num > 5:
print("Greater than 5")
else:
print("5 or less")

13. Describe the different types of functions in Python and give examples for each.
• Built-in : Predefined functions (e.g., `len()`, `print()`).
• User-defined : Functions created with `def` (e.g., `def my_func(): pass`).
• Lambda : Anonymous, single-expression functions (e.g., `lambda x: x + 1`).

14. How do you create and use a tuple in Python? Illustrate with examples.
Tuples are immutable, defined with `()` and can hold multiple items.
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
print(my_tuple[1]) # Output: 2

15. How do you create and use lists and tuples in Python? Provide examples
• List : Mutable, created with `[]`.
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
• Tuple : Immutable, created with `()`.
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
# Access element
print(my_tuple[1])
4 Marks

1. Write a Python program to accept a string and remove the characters which have odd
index values of the given string using a user-defined function.

def remove_odd_index(s):
return ''.join([s[i] for i in range(len(s)) if i % 2 == 0])

print(remove_odd_index("example"))
# Output: "eape”

2. Write a Python program to swap the value of two variables.

x, y = 5, 10
x, y = y, x
print(x, y) # Output: 10 5

3. Write a Python program to find factors of a given number.

def factors(n):
return [i for i in range(1, n + 1) if n % i == 0]
print(factors(12)) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12]

4. Write a Python program to count the number of vowels in a given string.

def count_vowels(s):
return sum(1 for char in s if char.lower() in 'aeiou')
print(count_vowels("hello")) # Output: 2

5. Write a Python program that accepts a list of numbers and returns a new list
containing only the even numbers.
def filter_even(numbers):
return [num for num in numbers if num % 2 == 0]

print(filter_even([1, 2, 3, 4])) # Output: [2, 4]

6. Write a Python program to demonstrate the use of 'break' and 'continue' statement in a
loop.
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
break
print(i) # Output: 0 1 2

for i in range(5):
 if i == 3:
continue
print(i) # Output: 0 1 2 4

7. Write a Python function that takes two lists and returns a dictionary with elements
from the first list as keys and elements from the second list as values.
def lists_to_dict(keys, values):
return dict(zip(keys, values))
print(lists_to_dict(['a', 'b'], [1, 2]))
# Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

8. Write a Python program to check if a string is a palindrome.

def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]
print(is_palindrome("madam")) #True

9. Write a Python program to find the largest and smallest numbers in a list.
def min_max(numbers):
return min(numbers), max(numbers)
print(min_max([1, 2, 3, 4])) # (1, 4)

10. Write a Python program to merge two dictionaries into one.

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'c': 3, 'd': 4}
merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged_dict) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

11. Write a Python function to calculate the factorial of a number using recursion.
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5)) # Output: 120

12. Write a Python program to demonstrate nested if-else statements.

num = 10
if num > 0:
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Positive and even")
else:
print("Positive and odd")
 else:
print("Non-positive")

13. Write a Python program to reverse a given string.

def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]

print(reverse_string("hello")) # Output: "olleh"

14. Write a Python program that accepts a list of integers and returns the sum of all the
odd numbers in that list.
def sum_odd(numbers):
return sum(num for num in numbers if num % 2 != 0)

print(sum_odd([1,2, 3, 4, 5]))# Output: 9

15. Write a Python program that use while loop to print the numbers from 1 to 10.
i=1
while i <= 10:
print(i)
i += 1

16. Write a Python function to check if a number is prime.

def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True

print(is_prime(7)) # Output: True

17. Write a Python program to add two numbers using an anonymous function. The
program should take two numbers as input and print their sum.
add = lambda a, b: a + b
print(add(3, 5)) # Output: 8

18. Write a Python program to filter out even numbers from a list using an anonymous
function. The program should return a new list containing only the odd numbers.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
odd_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 != 0, numbers))
 print(odd_numbers) # Output: [1, 3, 5]

Unit 2: Modules and Packages

2 Marks

1. Write any three functions of Math module.

• math.sqrt(x): Returns the square root of `x`.
• math.pow(x, y): Returns `x` raised to the power `y`.
• math.floor(x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to `x`.

2. What is the use of random () in a random module?

• Generates a random float number between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive).

3. Name any five built in modules in Python.

• os
• sys
• math
• datetime
• random
4. Give two functions from Calendar module.
• calendar.isleap(year): Checks if the specified year is a leap year.
• calendar.month(year, month): Returns a string representation of the specified month and
year.

5. Define package and give example of built in packages.

• A collection of modules organized in a directory with an `__init__.py` file.
• Example of built-in packages**: json, collections, urllib.

4 Marks

1. Explain user defined functions with example

• Functions created by the user to perform specific tasks. Defined with the `def` keyword and
can include parameters.

def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice")) # Output: "Hello, Alice!"

2. Explain the Time module with at least four functions

• Used to work with time-related functions.
• time.time(): Returns the current time in seconds since the epoch.
• time.sleep(seconds): Pauses execution for the specified number of seconds.
• time.ctime(): Converts a time expressed in seconds to a readable string.
• time.localtime(): Returns the current local time as a structured time tuple.

3. Write steps for creating user defined package

• Create a new directory for the package.
• Add an `__init__.py` file inside the directory (can be empty, but it makes the directory a
package).
• Add other Python modules (files) within the directory.
• Import the package in your program using `import package_name`.

4. Explain Sys module in details

Provides functions and variables to manipulate the Python runtime environment.
• sys.argv : List of command-line arguments passed to a script.
• sys.exit() : Exits the program.
• sys.path : List of directories the interpreter searches for modules.
• sys.version : Returns the version of the Python interpreter.

5. Write three different ways to import modules.

• Standard import :- `import math`
• Import specific functions :- `from math import sqrt, pow`
• Import with an alias :- `import math as m`

Unit 3: Classes Objects and Inheritance

2 Marks

1. What is class variables?

• Variables that are shared among all instances of a class.
• They are defined within the class but outside any methods.
• All objects of the class can access and modify them.

class MyClass:
class_variable = 0 # This is a class variable

def __init__(self, instance_var):

self.instance_var = instance_var

obj1 = MyClass(1)
obj2 = MyClass(2)
print(MyClass.class_variable) # Output: 0
2. How to create class and object in python?
• Define a class using the `class` keyword.
• Create an object by calling the class as if it were a function.

class Dog:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

my_dog = Dog("Buddy") # Creating an object

print(my_dog.name) # Output: "Buddy"

3. What is the syntax of class?

class ClassName:
# Class variables

def __init__(self, parameters):

# Instance variables

def method_name(self):
# Method body

3 Marks (Short Note)

1. Class Method

• A method bound to the class, not instances, defined with `@classmethod` and takes `cls` as
the first parameter.
• Example:
class Dog:
species = "Canis familiaris"
@classmethod
def get_species(cls):
return cls.species
print(Dog.get_species()) # Output: Canis familiaris

2. Benefits of inheritance
• Code Reusability : Reuses code from the parent class.
• Extensibility : Child classes can extend or override parent class behavior.
• Maintainability : Changes in the parent class reflect in child classes.
• Hierarchical Classification : Represents relationships between classes.
• Example:
class Animal:
 def speak(self):
return "Animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Bark"

dog = Dog()
print(dog.speak()) # Output: Bark

3. Polymorphism
• Allows different classes to use the same method name, with each class providing its own
implementation.
• This enables flexible and dynamic behavior.
• Example:
class Animal:
def speak(self):
return "Animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Bark"

class Cat(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Meow"

def make_animal_speak(animal):
print(animal.speak())

dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
make_animal_speak(dog) # Output: Bark
make_animal_speak(cat) # Output: Meow

4 Marks

1. Explain IS-A relationship and HAS-A Relationship with example.

• IS-A Relationship :- Indicates inheritance, where a subclass is a specific type of the parent
class.
• Example: A `Dog` **is a** `Animal`.
class Animal:
pass
 class Dog(Animal):
pass
• HAS-A Relationship : Represents composition, where one class contains an instance of
another class.
• Example: A `Car` **has a** `Engine`.
class Engine:
pass

class Car:
def __init__(self):
self.engine = Engine()

2. Explain inheritance in brief with its syntax.

• Inheritance allows a class (child) to inherit attributes and methods from another class (parent).
• The child class can extend or override functionality.
• Syntax :
class Parent:
# Parent class code

class Child(Parent):
# Child class can add or override methods and properties
• Example:
class Animal:
def speak(self):
return "Animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Bark"

3. What is method overloading?

• Method overloading refers to the ability to define multiple methods with the same name but
different arguments.
• Python doesn’t support traditional method overloading, but it can be achieved through default
arguments or variable-length arguments.
• Example:
class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b=0):
return a + b

calc = Calculator()
print(calc.add(5)) # Output: 5
print(calc.add(5, 3)) # Output: 8
4. How does python static method works?
• A static method is a method bound to the class rather than its instances.
• It is defined using the `@staticmethod` decorator and doesn't take `self` or `cls` as the first
argument.
• Example:
class Math:
@staticmethod
def add(a, b):
return a + b

print(Math.add(5, 3)) # Output: 8

5. Explain function overloading with example.

• Function overloading allows defining multiple functions with the same name but different
signatures (number/type of arguments).
• Python doesn’t support function overloading directly, but similar behavior can be achieved
using default arguments or `*args`.
• Example:

class Printer:
def print(self, text=None):
if text is not None:
print(text)
else:
print("No text to print")

printer = Printer()
printer.print("Hello") # Output: Hello
printer.print() # Output: No text to print

6. What does super() do in python?

• super()` is used to call a method from the parent class, typically in a subclass to extend or
override functionality.
• Example:
class Animal:
def speak(self):
return "Animal sound"

class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return super().speak() + " and Bark"

dog = Dog()
print(dog.speak()) # Output: Animal sound and Bark
4 Marks (Programs)

1. Write the python script using class to reverse the string word by word.
class StringReversal:
def __init__(self, string):
self.string = string

def reverse(self):
return ' '.join(self.string.split()[::-1])

# Usage:
print(StringReversal("Hello World").reverse()) # Output: World Hello

2. Write a program of python to create a class circle and calculate area and
circumference of circle
(Use parameterized constructor).
import math

class Circle:
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius

def area(self):
return math.pi * self.radius ** 2

def circumference(self):
return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

# Usage:
circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.area(), circle.circumference())
```

3. Write a python program to create class which perform basic calculator operations.
class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b): return a + b
def subtract(self, a, b): return a - b
def multiply(self, a, b): return a * b
def divide(self, a, b): return a / b if b != 0 else "Error"

# Usage:
calc = Calculator()
print(calc.add(10, 5), calc.subtract(10, 5), calc.multiply(10, 5), calc.divide(10, 5))
Unit 4: Exception Handling
2 Marks

1. Differentiate between error and exception.

• Error : Serious issues that terminate the program (e.g., syntax errors).
• Exception : Events that can be caught and handled (e.g., division by zero).

2. Write the syntax of exception.

try:
# code
except ExceptionType as e:
# handle exception

3. What is the use of try - finally block?

• The `finally` block executes after `try` block, whether an exception occurs or not, typically for
cleanup.

4. Justify more than one except statement can a try-except block have.
• You can have multiple `except` blocks to handle different types of exceptions separately:

try:
# code
except TypeError:
# handle TypeError
except ValueError:
# handle ValueError

5. Write and explain syntax of Raise Statement.

raise Exception("Error message")

6. Write syntax of Assert Statement

assert condition, "Error message"

4 Marks

1. Try-Except statement
• The `try-except` statement handles exceptions in Python.
• The code inside the `try` block is executed, and if an exception occurs, the `except` block
handles it.
try:
result = 10 / 0 # This will raise a ZeroDivisionError
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")

2. Raise statement.
• The `raise` statement is used to explicitly raise an exception, either new or re-raising an
existing one.

# Raising a specific exception

raise ValueError("This is a custom error message")

# Re-raising the current exception

try:
1/0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
raise # Re-raises the ZeroDivisionError

3. Custom Exception
• A custom exception is created by defining a new class that inherits from the built-in `Exception`
class.

class MyCustomError(Exception):
def __init__(self, message):
self.message = message
super().__init__(self.message)

# Using the custom exception

try:
raise MyCustomError("Something went wrong in my program!")
except MyCustomError as e:
print(f"Caught custom exception: {e}")

Unit 5: GUI Programming

2 Marks

1. What is the purpose of Tkinter?

• Tkinter is the standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) library in Python.
• It allows you to create desktop applications with a graphical interface, providing tools to build
windows, buttons, labels, text fields, and more.

2. List out Geometry Management methods.

• These methods manage the layout of widgets in a window:
• pack() :- Organizes widgets in blocks (top, bottom, left, right, etc.).
• grid() :- Organizes widgets in a grid-like structure (rows and columns).
• place() :- Places widgets at a specific position (using x, y coordinates).

3. Name the different widgets available in Tkinter.

• Some common widgets in Tkinter include:
• Label : Displays text or images.
• Button : A clickable button.
• Entry : A single-line text input field.
• Text : A multi-line text input field.
• Checkbutton : A check box.
• Radiobutton : A radio button.
• Listbox : A list of items.
• Canvas : A drawing area for shapes, images, etc.
• Scrollbar : Provides a scrollbar for widgets like `Text` or `Listbox`.
• Frame : A container for other widgets.

4 Marks

1. Explain any three widgets in tkinter in brief.

• Label Widget : A `Label` widget is used to display text or images. It is non-interactive and
typically used for showing information to the user.
• Example:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

• Button Widget : A `Button` widget is used to create clickable buttons in the GUI.
• It can trigger actions when clicked.
• Example:
from tkinter import *
def on_click():
print("Button clicked!")

root = Tk()
button = Button(root, text="Click Me", command=on_click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

• Entry Widget : An `Entry` widget is used for text input in a single-line field. It allows users to
enter data.
• Example:
 from tkinter import *
def show_entry():
print(entry.get())

root = Tk()
entry = Entry(root)
entry.pack()
button = Button(root, text="Submit", command=show_entry)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

2. Explain methods for Geometry Management in tkinter with example.

• Geometry management in Tkinter helps to organize the placement of widgets in a window.
• The three main methods are:
• pack() : Packs widgets in the parent widget (typically vertically or horizontally).
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label1 = Label(root, text="Label 1")
label1.pack(side=TOP)
label2 = Label(root, text="Label 2")
label2.pack(side=LEFT)
root.mainloop()

• grid() : Arranges widgets in a grid layout, with rows and columns.

• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label1 = Label(root, text="Label 1")
label1.grid(row=0, column=0)
label2 = Label(root, text="Label 2")
label2.grid(row=1, column=1)
root.mainloop()
• place() : Places widgets at an absolute position (x, y).
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="Positioned Label")
label.place(x=50, y=50)
root.mainloop()

3. Explain widget resizing with an example.

• Widget resizing can be done by using the `width` and `height` parameters or methods like
`pack()` or `grid()` with `fill` and `expand` options.
•| For resizing a window or widget dynamically, use the `pack()` or `grid()` options.
• Example of resizing a widget:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="Resizable Label", width=20, height=5)
label.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
root.mainloop()

4. Explain label widget in tkinter with an example.

• The `Label` widget is used to display text or images. It's typically used to show static
information.
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="This is a label widget", font=("Arial", 14))
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

5. Explain button widget with an example.

• The `Button` widget is used to create interactive buttons.
• The button can perform an action when clicked, defined using the `command` parameter.
• Example:
from tkinter import *
def on_button_click():
print("Button clicked!")

root = Tk()
button = Button(root, text="Click Me", command=on_button_click)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

6. Explain entry widget in tkinter with an example.

• The `Entry` widget allows users to input text in a single-line field.
• Example:
from tkinter import *
def show_input():
user_input = entry.get()
print("User input:", user_input)

root = Tk()
entry = Entry(root)
entry.pack()
button = Button(root, text="Submit", command=show_input)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

7. Explain frame widget in tkinter with an example.

• A `Frame` widget is a container for grouping other widgets together.
• It helps in organizing the layout of complex interfaces.
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
frame = Frame(root)
frame.pack()

label = Label(frame, text="Label inside Frame")

label.pack()

button = Button(frame, text="Button inside Frame")

button.pack()

root.mainloop()

8. Explain the following with proper syntax and example:

a) entry. delete. b) entry. insert
• entry.delete()
• The `delete()` method is used to delete text from an `Entry` widget between the specified
indices.
• Syntax:
entry.delete(start, end)
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
entry = Entry(root)
entry.pack()
entry.insert(0, "Hello")
entry.delete(0, 3) # Deletes "Hel"
root.mainloop()

b) `entry.insert()`
• The `insert()` method is used to insert text at a specific position in the `Entry` widget.
• Syntax:
entry.insert(index, text)
• Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
entry = Entry(root)
entry.pack()
entry.insert(0, "Hello World!")
root.mainloop()

Marks (Programs)

1. Write Python GUI program to create back ground with changing colors.
import tkinter as tk
import random

def change_color():
root.config(bg=random.choice(['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'purple']))
root.after(1000, change_color)

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
change_color()
root.mainloop()

2. Write Python GUI program to accept a decimal number and convert and display it to
binary, octal and hexadecimal.

import tkinter as tk

def convert():
num = int(entry.get())
result = f"Binary: {bin(num)[2:]}\nOctal: {oct(num)[2:]}\nHex: {hex(num)[2:].upper()}"
result_label.config(text=result)

root = tk.Tk()
entry = tk.Entry(root)
entry.pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Convert", command=convert).pack()
result_label = tk.Label(root, text="")
result_label.pack()
root.mainloop()

3. Write Python GUI program to accept dimension of a cylinder and display the surface
area and the volume of cylinder.

import tkinter as tk
import math

def calculate():
 r = float(radius_entry.get())
h = float(height_entry.get())
area = 2 * math.pi * r * (r + h)
volume = math.pi * r**2 * h
result_label.config(text=f"Area: {area:.2f}\nVolume: {volume:.2f}")

root = tk.Tk()
radius_entry = tk.Entry(root)
radius_entry.pack()
height_entry = tk.Entry(root)
height_entry.pack()
tk.Button(root, text="Calculate", command=calculate).pack()
result_label = tk.Label(root, text="")
result_label.pack()
root.mainloop()

Unit 6: Python Libraries

2 Marks

1. What are the advantages of Pandas?

• Efficient data manipulation and analysis.
• Handles large datasets and supports various data types.

2. State the features of Keras.

• Easy-to-use, modular API for building neural networks.
• Supports both CPU and GPU for training.

3. What is Sea born?

• Seaborn is a Python library for statistical data visualization based on Matplotlib.

4. Give two features of Pandas in Python

• DataFrame for structured data.
• Tools for handling missing data.

4 Marks

1. Define Pandas? Explain features of pandas in Python.

• Pandas is an open-source Python library used for data manipulation and analysis.
• It provides powerful tools like DataFrames and Series to work with structured data.
• Features of Pandas :-
• DataFrame : A 2-dimensional labeled data structure for handling data in tables.
• Handling Missing Data : Functions for detecting and filling or dropping missing values.
• Data Alignment : Automatically aligns data for different sources.
• Groupby : Provides functionality for grouping data and performing operations on them.

2. What is Data Visualization? List any 4 data visualization libraries.

• Data visualization is the graphical representation of data to identify patterns, trends, and
insights.
• It turns raw data into visual formats like charts, graphs, and plots.
• 4 Data Visualization Libraries :-
- Matplotlib
- Seaborn
- Plotly
- Bokeh

3. What is Tensor Flow? Explain features of Tensor Flow.

• TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google.
• It is used for building and training deep learning models.
• Features of TensorFlow :-
• Flexibility : Supports a variety of machine learning models, including deep learning.
• Scalability : Can scale to large datasets and distributed systems.
• Cross-platform : Runs on CPUs, GPUs, and mobile devices.
• Ecosystem : Provides a wide range of tools like TensorFlow Lite, TensorFlow Hub, and
TensorFlow.js.

4. Difference between Python list and Numpy array

• Python List : A general-purpose container for different data types and sizes, can store mixed
data types, and is slower for numerical operations.
• Numpy Array : A specialized array for numerical data, supports element-wise operations, and
is faster and more memory-efficient than lists.