Ch.

4 Amplitude Modulation
(Part 1-2)

Prof. Jihoon Choi

Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering

[email protected]

Communication Theory
 Outline
 Ch.4 Amplitude Modulation
• DSB (Double Sideband)

 DSB-SC (Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier)

 DSB-TC (Double Sideband Transmitted Carrier)

• SSB (Single Sideband)
• VSB (Vestigial Sideband)
• Carrier Recovery
• FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) and Superheterodyne
Receiver

2 Communication Theory
 DSB-TC

 DSB-SC
• Coherent detection 필요 (수신기의 local oscillator와 carrier signal
동기화)
• Coherent detection을 위해서는 수신 신호로부터 carrier signal을
추출하는 회로가 필요함
• DSB-SC 신호에서 carrier signal의 주파수 성분이 약하거나 없는
경우 수신기에서 carrier signal 추출 곤란

 DSB-TC
• 변조된 신호에 carrier signal을 더해서 전송 (power efficiency 저하)
• Carrier signal 추출 용이
• Carrier signal이 큰 경우 non-coherent detection 가능

3 Communication Theory
 DSB-TC Modulator

 DSB-TC Modulated Signal

m(t ) sAM (t )

AM (t )
s= sDSB (t ) + Ac cos 2π f c t Σ Modulated signal
= [m(t ) + Ac ]cos 2π f c t
Ac

sc (t ) = cos(2π f c t )
Carrier

1 A
SAM (=
f) [ M ( f − fc ) + M ( f + fc ) ] + c [ δ ( f − fc ) + δ ( f + fc ) ]
2 2
M(f ) S AM ( f )
M (0) Ac
2
M (0)
2

f f
−B 0 B − fc 0 fc

2B

4 Communication Theory
 Switching Modulator for DSB-TC
 DSB-TC 신호는 [A𝑐𝑐 + 𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡)]를 DSB-SC 변조한 것과 동일

 Example : switching modulator

1
• Chopper 변조기를 이용하여 변조기 구현 가능 (주기= )
𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐

[A cos(2 fct )  m(t )]

m(t ) + fc
− +
Bandpass
Filter vo (t )
A cos 2π f c t fc −

5 Communication Theory
 Envelope Detection

 Condition
m(t ) + Ac ≥ 0 for all t → m(t ) ≤ Ac for all t

 Envelope detection
• 위의 조건이 만족되면 signal envelope과 𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡)의 모양 동일
• 수신 신호의 envelope을 추출하고, 직류 성분을 제거하면 message
signal 𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡) 복원 가능
• 수신기에서 carrier signal이 필요 없는 non-coherent detection

6 Communication Theory
 Envelope Detection (cont.)
m(t )

m p = max | m(t ) | mp
t

sAM (t ) envelope

Ac > m p Ac Ac
t t
( µ < 1)

Ac = m p Ac Ac
t t
( µ = 1)

Ac < m p
Ac Ac
( µ > 1) t t

7 Communication Theory
 Rectifier Detector (정류 검파기)
 Rectifier + lowpass filter
[ Ac + m(t )]cos 2π f c t Ac + m(t )
1
[ Ac + m(t )] 1
π [ Ac + m(t )]
π

+
+ Lowpass
[ Ac + m(t )]cos 2π f c t − vo (t )
Filter
−

8 Communication Theory
 Envelope Detector
 LPF using RC Envelope
Envelope detector output

+
[ Ac + m(t )]cos 2π f c t + C R vo (t )
−
−

9 Communication Theory
 Modulation Index of DSB-TC
 Modulation Index
max | m(t ) |
µ
Ac

 Condition for envelope detection

µ ≤1

 DSB-TC 신호의 다른 표현
t ) [ Ac + m(t )]cos ω c t
sAM (=
 max | m(t ) | m(t ) 
=Ac 1 + ⋅  cos ω c t
 A c max | m (t ) | 
= Ac [1 + µ mn (t )]cos ω c t

mn (t ) : normalized baseband signal

10 Communication Theory
 Power Efficiency

 Average power of AM signals

=P 2
sAM (t=
) T ( Ac + m(t ) )2 cos 2 (2π f c t ) T

=Ac2 cos 2 (2π f c t ) T

+ m 2 (t ) cos 2 (2π f c t ) T
+ 2 Ac m(t ) cos 2 (2π f c t ) T

Ac2 1 2
= + m (t )
2 2 T

• Power efficiency = (DSB signal power) / (total power)

m 2 (t ) T µ 2 mn2 (t ) T
=η =
Ac2 + m 2 (t ) T 1 + µ 2 mn2 (t ) T

• Modulation index (µ) ↑  power efficiency (η) ↑

11 Communication Theory
To be continued

12 Communication Theory