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    OSY Practical Answers

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    1603swatisingh

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    OSY Practical Answers

    Uploaded by

    1603swatisingh
    2 views5 pages

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    OSY_Practical_Answers

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    OSY Practical Answers

    Uploaded by

    1603swatisingh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    OSY Practical Questions and Answers 2024-25

    1. Write theory & procedure for installing and configuring Linux/Ubuntu operating systems.

    To install and configure Ubuntu:

    - Download the ISO image from the Ubuntu official site.

    - Create a bootable USB using tools like Rufus or Etcher.

    - Boot your system from the USB by modifying BIOS/UEFI settings.

    - Follow the installation prompts to set up partitions, time zones, user accounts, etc.

    - Post-installation, update the system using 'sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'.

    - Configure settings such as network, firewall (ufw), and user permissions as required.

    2. Execute and explain general-purpose commands date, time, cal, clear, banner, tty, script,

    man.

    General purpose commands:

    - `date`: Displays the current date and time.

    - `time`: Measures the duration of command execution.

    - `cal`: Shows the calendar for a month or year.

    - `clear`: Clears the terminal screen.

    - `banner`: Creates ASCII art-style text (requires installation).

    - `tty`: Displays the terminal name being used.

    - `script`: Records terminal session to a file.

    - `man`: Displays manual pages for commands.

    3. Execute and explain basic commands: who, who am i, login, passwd, su, pwd.

    Basic commands:

    - `who`: Lists logged-in users.

    - `who am i`: Shows your session information.

    - `login`: Logs in to a session (used rarely in modern systems).


    - `passwd`: Changes the user password.

    - `su`: Switches the user.

    - `pwd`: Prints the current working directory.

    4. Execute and explain commands to start, stop and restart the specified service in Linux.

    Service management:

    - Lightdm: `sudo systemctl start|stop|restart lightdm`

    - kmod: `sudo systemctl start|stop|restart kmod`

    - cron: `sudo systemctl start|stop|restart cron`

    - udev: `sudo systemctl start|stop|restart udev`

    5. Execute and explain process-related commands: ps, wait, sleep, exit, kill.

    Process-related commands:

    - `ps`: Lists active processes.

    - `wait`: Waits for a process to complete.

    - `sleep`: Pauses execution for a specified time.

    - `exit`: Exits a terminal or script.

    - `kill`: Terminates a process by PID.

    6. Execute and explain file and directory manipulation commands.

    Commands:

    - `ls`: Lists files and directories.

    - `rm`: Removes files.

    - `mv`: Moves or renames files.

    - `cp`: Copies files or directories.

    - `join`: Combines lines from two files based on a common field.

    - `split`: Splits a file into smaller parts.

    - `cat`: Concatenates files; can redirect output to another file.


    - `head`: Displays the beginning of a file.

    - `tail`: Displays the end of a file.

    - `touch`: Creates empty files.

    7. Execute file and directory manipulation commands (with wildcards).

    Commands:

    - `diff`: Compares file differences.

    - `comm`: Compares two sorted files.

    - `pr`: Formats text for printing.

    - `chmod`: Changes file permissions.

    - `mkdir`: Creates a directory.

    - `rmdir`: Removes an empty directory.

    - `cd`: Changes the working directory.

    - `pwd`: Prints the working directory.

    - `cmp`: Compares two files byte-by-byte.

    8. Execute and explain text processing commands.

    Commands:

    - `tr`: Translates or deletes characters.

    - `wc`: Counts words, lines, and characters.

    - `cut`: Extracts fields from lines.

    - `paste`: Joins lines from files side-by-side.

    - `spell`: Checks for spelling errors in a file.

    - `sort`: Sorts lines in a file.

    - `grep`: Searches for patterns in files.

    - `more`: Paginates file output.

    9. Use vi editor and perform all important VI editor commands and explain them.
    VI editor commands:

    - `i`: Insert mode.

    - `:w`: Save changes.

    - `:q`: Quit editor.

    - `:wq`: Save and quit.

    - `/pattern`: Search for a pattern.

    - `dd`: Delete a line.

    - `u`: Undo last change.

    10. Write, execute & explain the Shell Script by using the 'if' statement.

    Example:

    ```bash

    if [ $1 -gt 0 ]; then

    echo 'Positive number'

    else

    echo 'Non-positive number'

    fi

    ```

    11. Write, execute & explain the Shell Script by using the 'for' statement.

    Example:

    ```bash

    for i in {1..5}; do

    echo $i

    done

    ```

    12. Write, execute & explain the Shell Script to check file permissions.
    Example:

    ```bash

    if [ -r file ]; then echo 'Readable'; fi

    if [ -w file ]; then echo 'Writable'; fi

    if [ -x file ]; then echo 'Executable'; fi

    ```

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