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    Theory, 7ex Matlab

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    Bùi Thái Hoàng

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    Theory, 7ex Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Bùi Thái Hoàng
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    theory,7ex-Matlab

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    2 views4 pages

    Theory, 7ex Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Bùi Thái Hoàng

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Elements of Matlab

    Instructions are for Matlab. However, much of Matlab's syntax also works in the clone
    software Octave, which can be downloaded for home use from
    https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/download.html
    If it is known that something does not work in Octave as described in the instructions, it
    has been written in blue text. Matlab can be used in most of the school's computer labs; for
    more information, check the address
    http://secure.puv.fi/software-search/

    1 Basic Arithmetic in Matlab

    Matlab can be opened simply by clicking on the software icon. Alternatively, it can be
    opened by invoking it from the command line. Similarly, the program can be closed by
    clicking the close button or, if desired, by typing quit on the command line.

    In addition to being a computational software, Matlab is also a programming language. The


    program can be used for short and simple operations directly from the command line. For
    longer operations, it is more sensible to open the editor and create a separate script (m-le).
    Once the script is ready and saved, it can be called from the command line, and Matlab will
    execute all the script commands.

    In these exercises, Matlab is used directly from the command line to get a feel for it. The
    program can be used like a normal calculator for basic arithmetic operations. The >> on the
    command line means that the program is waiting for a command. For example, by typing
    2+5 and pressing Enter, the program will display the result of the calculation on the screen.
    Try what happens if you type the following commands:

    1 >> 3−2 <Enter>


    2 >> 2*3 <Enter>
    3 >> 1/2 <Enter>
    4 >> 23 <Enter>
    5 >> 2\11 <Enter>
    6 >> 2^4 <Enter>
    7 >> 2^(−1) <Enter>

    1
    Note that the decimal separator must be a dot instead of a comma. The program won't give
    you the result you expect if you type, for example, 2*1,5.

    1 >> 2*1,5 <Enter>


    2
    3 ans =
    4
    5 2
    6
    7
    8 ans =
    9
    10 5

    2 Dening Variables

    Variables can be dened in Matlab's memory by rst writing the desired name, followed
    by an equals sign and then the value, for example, a=5. This is stored in memory, and if
    afterwards you type, for example, a*5, the program will display 25 on the screen. Note the
    dierence from Mathcad! If before pressing Enter you add a semicolon ;, the program will
    still save the variable but won't display it on the screen. Try the following commands if you
    wish:

    1 >> b = 3; <Enter>
    2 >> x1 = 2; y2 = 3; <Enter>
    3 >> z = x1 + y2 <Enter>
    4 >> z=z+8 <Enter>

    3 Vectors and Matrices

    Matlab's eciency is based on its eective use of vector and matrix calculations. A matrix is
    input by writing the elements of the matrix inside square brackets []. You can change to a
    new row by pressing Shift + Enter. Also, a semicolon is interpreted as a new line. Elements
    can be separated by a space or a comma, either works.

    1 >> [1 2 3] <Enter>
    2 >> [2,4,5] <Enter>
    3 >> [1 2 3] +[2,4, 5] <Enter>
    4 >> [1 2 3
    5 2 3 4
    6 7 8 9] <Enter>
    7 >> [1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 4; 7, 8, 9] <Enter>

    Variables can also be dened as a vector or matrix. Try the following commands if you wish:
    1 >> A=[1 2 3] <Enter>
    2 >> B=[2;4;5]; <Enter>
    3 >> A−B= <Enter>

    Matrix multiplication can be calculated using the asterisk *, and exponentiation can be done
    using the caret ^. The inverse of a matrix, when it exists, can be calculated using ^(−1).
    The transpose can be obtained with transpose(), where the matrix in question is enclosed
    in parentheses, or by typing .'. Try the following commands if you wish:

    1 >> A=[1 2 3] <Enter>


    2 >> B=[2;4;5]; <Enter>
    3 >> C=A*B= <Enter>
    4 >> C^3 <Enter>
    5 >> C^(−1) <Enter>
    6 >> C.' <Enter>
    7 >> transpose(C) <Enter>

    Often, there is a need to create a vector whose members are from an arithmetic sequence,
    i.e., the members are numbers with a constant dierence, which is the same for all members.
    This can be done with the command start:step:end, where now the written members
    must be replaced with numbers. The program gives a row vector whose members are the
    members of the arithmetic sequence in increasing order. For example:

    1 >> 1:2:11
    2
    3 ans =
    4
    5 1 3 5 7 9 11
    6
    7 >> 1:0.2:3
    8
    9 ans =
    10
    11 1.0000 1.2000 1.4000 1.6000 1.8000 2.0000 2.2000 ...
    2.4000 2.6000 2.8000 3.0000

    If the step is not specied, the program assumes it to be 1.

    1 >> a=1:10;
    2 >> a
    3
    4 a =
    5
    6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    To convert a row vector a to a column vector or vice versa, simply transpose the vector, for
    example by typing a'.

    You can clear the command window with clc. If you want to know what variables are
    currently in memory, you can display them on the screen with whos. You can remove a
    single variable, such as the variable a, with the command clear a. Note that once a
    command is given, i.e., Enter is pressed, it cannot be undone! The Undo and Redo
    functions requested from the menu or keyboard only aect what is currently written on the
    command line.

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