Assignment 2

Due Date: Mar 8

You need only to turn in the problems with *. Each problem is worth 5 points.

Partial Derivatives
[Stewart]: *14.3.32, *14.3.43, *14.3.63, *14.3.67

Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations

[Stewart]: *14.4.6, *14.4.21
*(1) Consider the following function defined on R2 :
( 2 2
xy(x y )
x2 +y 2
, (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0)
Show that fxy and fyx exist on R2 but fxy (0, 0) 6= fyx (0, 0).
(2) Let u = f (x1 , . . . , xn ) be a function of n variables. Suppose that partial derivatives of f of
any order exist and are continuous on Rn .
(i) Let m1 , . . . , m` be a sequence of numbers in {1, . . . , n}. Show that for any 1  j  ` 1,
fxm1 ···xmj xmj+1 ···xm` = fxm1 ···xmj+1 xmj ···xm` .

(ii) Show that fxm1 ···xm` can be calculated in any order.

In this problem you are allowed to use Clairaut’s theorem for functions of n variables: Let
u = f (x1 , . . . , xn ) be a function of n variables defined on Rn . If fxi xj and fxj xi exist and are
continuous on Rn , then fxi xj = fxj xi .
(3) Let E(x, y) be a function of two variables which is defined near (0, 0). Show that the following
two statements are equivalent:
(i) E(x, y) = "1 (x, y) · x + "2 (x, y) · y where "1 (x, y) ! 0 and "2 (x, y) ! 0 as (x, y) ! (0, 0).
(ii) pE(x,y) ! 0 as (x, y) ! (0, 0).
eive ?
kel
2
x +y 2
s 35
ma

曹
(Hint: (i) ) (ii) is direct. For (ii) ) (i), consider the expression
E(x, y) E(x, y)
E(x, y) = sign(x) · x + sign(y) · y.
|x| + |y| |x| + |y|
E(x,y) E(x,y)
Show that both "1 (x, y) := |x|+|y|
sign(x) and "2 (x, y) := |x|+|y|
sign(y) approach 0 as (x, y) !
(0, 0). )

1
 y =
式(lhx 媒 x
…

easy
hainrule
How about Uz ?

elx 。1

(ylnx] 巨 dff with )法

u e
yl 到
=
=

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—
整
— ⼀
□
chaim rule
e 微分
*
=
ylx) 上 ) = -
x
ε=
lax) -

x
¢
⼀
=

How about Ux ?

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"
= as
IFT tells us :
=

⼀長 , = ⼀

「 IFTJ

43: Let F [ eE
y z) xyz
x, ,
= -

及 Z
= ⼀起
xy
惕=
= ⼀

拿 = _
xt xy
Fz =
eE xy - ⼀

xZ x妃
-

ez
≥
-

xy ez
xy
_
 ← 2

(社 j z

So . .

ugly question

⼀ → zx
= →
3
j

① (-2 y (
恆
⼀ = )
x 2
x
3
=
4 ( y+ 2 z]
早知道從此下⼿
! 于
9

②= x

「 sye咧 →= → ]
⼀ =
O
y #
Since
fx ,t),y 1 Bcontinuons on ttsdomain andfuctioncontams
,
polynomil and arcsm ,

( which has the abittty beas3

to
times

Hencewe olerNcitiveand stil) )

change theorder
derrative
,
continalorus
can of ,

fxay fyxa )
zey ( zyz ) 6
^

yE
= = ⼀ =

#
Letfluy ,
z ) =

etyEz
对 (yix zyex )
p =
, ,
-

→
(
f 0, 3 , 9
=
) (

9, 6
, -
Y
Hencewe obtainthe
tangent plane

<9 6 1}
, ,
-
.

{ * -
0
,
y
-
3 ,
z -

)
9 = 0

9x 6y
→ + 61 -3 - -9 = 0 →9 x +
y
) E )

#
 0

x =
4 (
叔 tan yx
( )
=4.π lyx
性

bysymmety 存=
,
y

Smce fy andfyare bothcontinuous on the (

pont 1 , 1)
i
( whth3 obuious
) .
bence

f B differentiable at C1 1 )
.

Then compute Imearizohon

→ x ( 1 () 岳
,
fy
=
=
2 , ( .1 "
= 丟
=
2
, f1 ,
1) =
4tanI = π

→ L( y ]
x, =π+ 2 ( xt )t 2 (
y
-

1)

井
 Soncexy(xiy )僅候是多項式相乘除 ,除了
x平
yz Bridgng pont (x ,
y) = (0 .
)
0
,
其derivatne

should exist ( pont

except (0 . 0 ) )

y)
5
y》 [xy) xy 年⼀
三

f 年
× 3 ( -
x .
2x
× g Als 多項式相乘除

叨
=
= 0

(xeyjz ( x4yj

4
→
想在 xexBt
3 xy]( xty特 -
架(xy秒 对 excelstforpont
度 xy
-
x ·

*
=
⼀

(x =< x 51
'
(x [0 )
ty y)
. = .
0 s

) not sure

∞
Ardnondscns 偏微分
xy —
at( ) = 10 .0

( ftho
limef firy
-
)- 0

⼈
,0) =
f

0
: = 0
K→ 0 h

ylv pdef lm f[ fo
0 , h) ,
og

想下
-

0 =
≥
=
α→ o h 0

with twoabone results :

时
。
fxy 0 = lfc. ) -
_
0
y
h

10 -
x

)
,
=

=
.

h 恐 h

fyx ( l在
"h 在 _
)
0 " 0
)
-

o, =
=
lm ≥

h→ 0
h

Hence
fxy and
fyx on 1 are well defnednon
k .

ButI # - I

→ y
10 .0)
# fyx (0 . )
0
( o)
DBues
fxnilme tugitnje fymitm tujaluj
i)
and
"
, .

Xujy and <

, gi

jx
,
Simce ne
to
the partiadderivotre fumXa , to
then "

GireaClairaut 'stheaem ,we

switch XujesandXujf
cah
ffmi. bnjxnuz "

beth
and
fxm .

xnjearXuz
^

exst and costikuons onR

Andth3condition hes already gnen Hence

,

fXmXmiX jailuy fxhiXmi

加 = … xujlaj"
Anal '
it s snot haral to toll that

fxm Xmjlunjt
. 1
…

Xe =
fxmxmn …

Xuje Xag
,
…

xe

Withlilme knor he
pertialderivatine
ti ]
the urderof
can arbitrary
switch
Hence itcanbealaulotdin any
osder 。