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Full English – Class 12th

CHAPTERWISE (प्रश्न – उत्तर)

Prose Section
CHAPTER – 1 Indian Civilization And Culture Mahatma Gandhi Page 1 - 9
CHAPTER – 2 Bharat Is My Home Dr jakir hussain

CHAPTER – 3 A Pinch Of Snuff Manohar Malgaonkar

CHPATER – 4 I Have A Dream Martin luther king

CHPATER – 5 Ideas That have Helped Mankind Bertrand Russell

CHAPTER – 6 The Artist shiga Naoya

CHAPTER – 7 A Child Is Born Germaine Greer

CHAPTER – 8 How Free Is The Press Dorothy L Sayers

CHAPTER – 9 The Earth H.E. Bates

CHAPTER – 10 India Throught A Traveller’s Eyes Pearl S. Buck

CHAPTER – 11 A Marriage Proposal Anton Chekhov

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CHAPTER – 1 // INDIAN CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE

 Personal Details :-
 Writer  Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi.
 BORN  2 October 1869 , Porbandar
 DEATH  30 January 1948, Birla House, New Delhi
 Popularly known as Bapu or the Father of the Nation.
 He was more a spiritual leader than a politician.
 His chief weapons Truth & Non-violence which were
used against the British Rule in India and helped India
gain independence.
 From 1915 till 1948, he completely dominated Indian
poltics
 His autobiography :- My Experiments with Truth
 He wrote many articles For young India.
 For the first time Gandhiji was called “Mahatma” in 1915 by Rajvaidya Jeevram, in 12
April 1919 by “Ravindra Nath Tagore.
 In the following extract.’ ‘Indian civilization & Culture,’ Gandhi ji talks about the
sound foundation of Indian civilization which has successfully withstood the passage
of time.
 The western civilization which has the tendency to privilege materiality Cannot
match the Indian civilization that elevates the moral being.

Summary

In this essay, Mahatma Gandhi, the father of nation, has thrown light on the main
features of Indian civilization and culture. He finds Indian civilization superior to
European or Western civilization. However he stresses the amalgamation of what is
best in the western civilization with the Indian civilization. According to him,
civilization is that mode of conduct which guides one to the path of duty. It reveals the
fact that one has, a just and a moral character. Indian civilization is the most ancient,
and the longest surviving of all the civilizations of the world. It professes the principle
of 'Live and Let Live'. Simple living and high thinking is its motto. It promotes moral
elevation, self-contentment renunciation and real happiness in man. It has belief in
spiritualism unlike the western civilization that promotes material pleasure and rejects
the existence of God. Our civilization is based on our needs and our environment. So, the
blind imitation of the European civilization is suicidal. It is the duty of every Indian to
follow the high ideals of Indian civilization.

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Short and long questions answers

1. How does Mahatma Gandhi want his country- men to deal with modern civilization?
Ans  Mahatma Gandhi wants his countrymen to discard modern civilization at any cost.

2. What is civilization in the real sense of the term?

Ans  Civilization, in the real sense of the term is the deliberate and voluntary restriction
of wants. This alone increases and promotes contentment, real happiness and capacity for
service.

3. Why did our ancestors dissuade us from luxuries and pleasures ? Did they do the right
thing?
Ans  Our ancestors knew that possessions don't contribute to happiness. The rich were
worried about finding means of increasing their material wealth. On the other hand, the
poor were contented and happy. That was why, our ancestors dissuaded us from luxuries
and pleasures. And they were right in doing so.

4. What other civilizations does he refer to while highlighting the vitality of Indian
civilization?
Ans  He refers to the civilizations of Rome, Greece, Japan and China, which are now
destroyed or have become westernized. Indian civilization is still alive.

5. Why is he thankful to modern civilization?

Ans  He is thankful to the modern civilization for teaching him to discard it at any costs.

6. Why does Gandhi say that 'mind is a restless 3. bird'? What makes the mind restless?
Ans  Gandhi ji says that the needs of mind are unending and indulgence of mind in our
passions makes it restless.

7. What is the distinguishing characteristic of modern civilization?

Ans  The distinguishing characteristic of modern civilization is an indefinite multiplicity
of human wants.

8. How did our ancestors enjoy true Home 2 Rule?

Ans  They disliked courts and lawyers. They settled their disputes without going to
courts. In that way, they enjoyed true Home Rule.

9. How did our ancestors view large cities? Why were they satisfied with small villages?
Ans  They viewed large cities as snares and useless encumbrances, having gangs of
thieves, robbers and prostitutes. Their village fulfilled all their needs. So they were
satisfied with small villages.

10. Why did our ancestors prefer to live in village?

Ans  Our ancestors preferred to live in village because they wanted to live in a safe place
with their ancient tradition. In town they saw there were gangs of thieves, robbers,
prostitutes and touts. Therefore, they did choose to live in villages happily rather than
towns.

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11. What do you mean by true home rule?

Ans  True home rule is a principle of Mahatma Gandhi which means that every cases
should be dealt at home within our own premises not outside our home in others
presence. It is among one of the famous social principles where he stated that if you have
any problem just sit together and solve among your own people. Avoid police and courts.

12. Why does gandhiji say that man is restless bird?

Ans He says because a man never gets satisfied. Like a bird he always wanders to
quench his thirst of desires. Even after the competition of any of his desire the next one is
ready. And this cycle of desire continues till his last breath. So he says that man is a
restless bird.

13. Discuss the features of Indian civilization?

Ans  Indian civilization worships morality. It is based on the belief in God. It believes in
working with hands and feet. It does not run after materialism. It is religious in nature. It
is inclined towards etiquette, honor, care and compassion. It teaches the lesson of
humanity, unity and integrity.

14. What is the difference between Indian & western civilization?

Ans  The Indian civilization worships morality whereas the western civilizations
worship immorality. The Indian civilizations are based on belief in God whereas western
civilization is godless. The former believes in working with hands and feet whereas the
later depends upon machine.

15. Discuss the features of western civilizations?

Ans  Western civilizations worships immorality. It does not believe in God. It completely
depends upon machine. It runs after materialism. It is inclined towards monetary
pleasure.

16. What are civilizations in real sense of term?

Ans  In the words of gandhiji Civilizations is that mode of conduct which points out to
man the path of duty. If we talk about the real sense, it's is actually the curb of our desire.
It is the way of living which we got from our ancestors.

17. What are the real glory/ beauty of Indian civilizations?

Ans  The real beauty of Indian civilizations is that it remains immovable. Even afters
thousands of years it is an it should be. It has not changed its nature and it is sound at its
foundation.

18. Why did our ancestors dissuade us from luxuries?

Ans  Our forefathers dissuade us from luxuries and pleasure because they knew that if
we run after absurd things, we would lose our moral fiber. We would become slaves we
would become immoral.

19. What was the great lesson that India had to teach the west?
Ans  The great lesson that India had to teach the waste were the lessons of unity
integrity, religion soul and spirit.

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Explain the following:

1. The common people lived independently and followed their agricultural occupation.
Ans  The above lines are taken from the lesson, "Indian Civilization and Culture."
Through these lines Gandhiji says that common people were engaged in the occupation of
agriculture and led an independent life.

2. Observing all this, our ancestors dissuaded us from luxuries and pleasure.
Ans  Our ancestors knew that luxuries and pleasures gave momentary satisfaction. Fresh
cravings and desires developed immediately after the accomplishment of some wants and
cycle went on making man its slave.

3. Civilization is that mode of conduct which points out to man the path of duty.
Ans  It means that through civilization man gets acquainted with moral values given by
our ancestors which helps him to move ethically on the path of duty.

4. "I believe that the civilization in India has evolved is not to be beaten in the world.
Nothing can equal the seed sown by our ancestors."
Ans  Gandhi ji explains that Indian civilization is unbeatable when compared to the other
civilizations of the world. Moral values taught by our ancestors is the base of our
civilization and cannot be equated.

OBJECTIVE QUESTION
1. Modern civilization is the worship of….. 5. Pharaohs ruled ancient........... :
(A) material (A) France
(B) ethical (B) Egypt
(C) brotherhood (C) India
(D) equality (D) Greece

2. Our forefathers did not invent machinery 6. Simple living and high thinking is the base
because …………. : of........... :
(A) these would have made us lazy (A) Indian Civilization
(B) these would have made us smart (B) Mesopotamian Civilization
(C) these have made us pride (C) American Civilization
(D) these would have made us intelligent. (D) European Civilization

3. Observing all this, our ancestors dissuaded us 7. The values of are glittering even today:
from luxuries and pleasures" is from. (A) Indian civilization
(A) A Pinch of snuff (B) Roman Civilization
(B) The Earth (C) Greek civilization
(C) Indian Civilization and Culture (D) Chinese Civilization
(D) India Through a Traveller’s Eyes
8. "Plain living and high thinking” is the motto of
4. were rulers of Egypt: a …………. :
(A) Czars (A) Eastern philosopher
(B) Pharaohs (B) Western philosopher
(C) Kings (C) Indian philosopher
(D) Sultans (D) Britain.

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9. I know that for India to run afteris to court 17. Wealth and luxuries do not make
certain death. a……………happy:
(A) the Nepali culture (A) man
(B) the Eastern culture (B) lion
(C) the Golden Fleece (C) horse
(D) the diamond fleece (D) bird.

10. I am no hater of the (Mahatma Gandhi 18. The people of Europe are inspired by ………….
for I): and writers:
(A) East (A) German, Roman
(B) North (B) British, Roman
(C) South (C) Indian, Greeks
(D) West (D) Greek, Roman

11. Our civilization, our culture, 19. Gandhi ji went to Champaran in……………….
our………….depend not upon multiplying our (A) 1915
wants. (B) 1918
(A) desire (C) 1916
(B) knowledge (D) 1917
(C) Swaraj
(D) Wisdom. 20. was dead against blind imitation of western
civilization.
12. Sacrifice is the sole aim of our............: (A) Ambedkar
(A) Rishis (B) Bose
(B) freedom fighters (C) Patel
(C) scientists (D) Gandhiji
(D) engineers
21. The sentence 'After all, there is something in
Hinduism that has kept it alive up till now is
13. "My Experiments with Truth' was written
taken from ………......:
by…………
(A) Artist
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) The Earth
(B) Neta ji Subhash Chandra Bose
(C) Indian Civilization and Culture
(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(D) I Have a Dream.
(D) APJ Abdul Kalam Azad
22. were satisfied with small villages.
14 . was a spiritual leader than a politician. (A) Old people
(A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (B) Our ancestors
(B) Sardar Patel (C) Youth
(C) Sarojini Naidu (D) Adults
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
23. "Civilization is that mode of conduct which
15. is known as the Father of the Nation. points out to man the path of duty."
(A) Jawahar Lal Nehru (A) Indian Civilization and Culture
(B) Mahatma Gandhi (B) A Child's Born
(C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (C) A Marriage Proposal
(D) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (D) Bharat is My Home.

16. Indian glory is that it is: 24. "Some of the immediate and brilliant results
(A) immovable of modern inventions are too maddening to
(B) movable resist is from."
(C) uncivilised (A) Bharat is my home
(D) diversified (B) A Pinch of Snuff
(C) Indian Civilization and Culture
(D) Ideas put have helped mankind
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25. Which type of prose piece is “Indian 34. What was that our ancestors satisfied with?
civilization and culture”? A. Cities B. Towns
A. Story C. Small village D. Province.
B. Speech
C. Essay 35. Who has written Indian civilizations and
D. Drama. culture?
A. Zakir Hussain
26. Who wrote the famous book “The Decline B. Mahatma Gandhi
and fall of Roman Empire”? C. Anton Chekov
A. Mahatma Gandhi D. Manohar Malgonkar.
B. Edward Gibbon
C. Jonathan Swift 36. Which one of the following is the
D. William Shakespeare. autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi?
A. Long walk to freedom
27. What does the Golden Fleece mean? B. The glass castle
A. Difficult to find C. My experiment with truth
B. Easy to get D. Yes please.
C. a new thing
D. a lovely object. 37. Who were Pharaohs?
A. Rulers of Egypt
28. Attic civilization belongs to B. Rulers of Rome
A. China C. Rulers of Japan
B. Rome D. Rulers of Greece.
C. India
D. Greece. 38. With which one of the following journals was
Mahatma Gandhi associated?
29. Civilization is that mode of conduct which A. Young India
points out to man the path of...... B. Indian Mirror
A. Help C. New India
B. Work D. Bombay Chronicle.
C. Duty
D. Need 39. An Indian civilization worships................
A. Character
30. Hinduism has made marvellous discoveries B. Immorality
in things of religion, of the spirit, of the.………. C. Good conduct
A. Passion D. Morality.
B. Soul
C. Love 40. What does the Gujarati equivalent for
D. Unity. civilization mean?
A. Good behaviour
31. Gandhiji was born on B. Good manner
A. 30 jan 1869 C. Good conduct
B. 30 march 1848 D. Good character.
C. 2 oct 1869
D. 30 jan 1948. 41. In the word of Gandhi ji mind is a …………….
A. Restless book
32. Our ancestors enjoyed true……………. rule. B. Restless bird
A. Noble B. home C. Restless body
C. fine D. good. D. Restless bunny

33. What is the glory of India? It remains………..... 42. What does the western civilization
A. Movable B. Glorious propagate?
C. Immovable D. Beautiful A. Immorality B. Morality
C. Mortality D. Mentality.

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43. Our forefathers did not invent machinery 47. The charge was against India’s…………
because .............. A. Happiness
A. They knew we would become slaves B. Sadness
B. They knew we would he happy C. Knowledge
C. They did not like to see us comfortable D. Merit
D. They were jealous of us.
48. They saw that kings and their swords were
44. After all there is something in Hinduism that inferior to the sword of ………..
has kept it till now. A. morality
A. Dynamic B. character
B. Alive C. ethics
C. Busy D. none
D. Popular
49. What is the synonyms of ‘Glory’?
45. Edward Gibbon is associated with …………........ A. ugliness
A. Italy B. beauty
B. Russia C. sadness
C. Sweden D. weariness
D. America.
50. What is the synonym of ‘Moral fibre’?
46. The blind imitation of the European A. Morality
civilization is ……….. B. Immorality
A. Enjoyment C. Characte
B. Sadness D. None
C. Suicidalr
D. aggressive

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