Project Management Knowledge Area

Chapter Two
The Project Management Knowledge Areas
 Project Integration Management
 Ensure that various elements of the project are properly coordinated and
integrated
 Processes: Project Plan Development, Project Plan Execution, Overall
Change Control
 Project Scope Management
 Ensure that the project includes all the work required,
 And only work required, to complete the project successfully
 Processes: Initiation, Scope Planning, Scope Definition, Scope Verification,
Scope Change Control
 Project Time Management
 Ensure timely completion of the project
 Processes: Activity Definition,
 Activity Sequencing,
 Activity Duration Estimating,
 Schedule Development, Schedule Control

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The Project Management Knowledge Areas

 Project Cost Management

 Ensure that the project is complete within the approved
budget
 Processes: Resource Planning,
 Cost Estimating, Cost Budgeting
 Cost Control
 Project Quality Management
 Ensure that the project will satisfy the requirements
 Processes: Quality Planning,
 Quality Assurance
 Quality Control

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The Project Management Knowledge Areas
 Project Communication Management
 Ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, storage
 And ultimate disposition of project information
 Processes:
 Communications Planning,
 Information Distribution,
Performance Reporting,
 Administrative Closure
 Project Risk Management
 Concerned with identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk.
 Maximizing the results of positive events
 Minimizing the consequences of negative events
 Processes: Risk Identification,
 Risk Quantification,
 Risk Response Development,
 Risk Response Control

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The Project Management Knowledge Areas
 Project Procurement Management
 Acquire goods and services from outside the performing
organization
 Processes: Procurement Planning,
 Solicitation Planning, Solicitation,
 Source Selection, Contract Administration,
 Contract Close-out
 Project Human Resources Management
 Make the most effective use of people involved with the project
 Processes: Organizational Planning,
 Staff Acquisition
 Team Development

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Project Integration Management
Integration Management
 Identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate
the various processes
 Includes characteristics of unification,
consolidation, articulation, and integrative
actions
 Making choices and trade off
 The processes are iterative
 Integration is inevitable because of interaction

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Integration Management Processes
1. Develop Project Charter

2. Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement

3. Develop Project Management Plan

4. Direct and Manage Project Execution

5. Monitor and Control Project Work

6. Integrated Change Control

7. Close Project

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Develop Project Charter: Inputs

1. Contract (When Applicable)

2. Project Statement of Work
• Business need
• Product scope description
• Strategic plan
3. Enterprise environmental factors
– culture and structure
– Governmental or industry standards
– Infrastructure
– Existing human resources
– Personal administration
– performance reviews
– Stakeholder risk tolerance
– Company work authorization system
– Marketplace conditions
– Project management information systems
– Commercial database
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Develop Project Charter: Inputs
4. Organizational Process Assets: formal and informal
policies, procedures, plans, and guidelines

 Standards and procedures Knowledge base:

 Organizational standard process
 Standardized guidelines  Process measurement
 Templates database
 Organizational communication  Project files
requirement  Historical information
 Project closure guideline  Issue and defect
 Financial control procedure management
 Issue and defect management  Configuration management
 Change control procedure
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Develop Project Charter: Tools and Techniques

1. Project Selection Methods

2. Project Management Methodology
3. Project Management Information System
4. Expert judgment

Out put: project charter

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Project Management Methodology
 Methodology is a collection of processes, methods and tools
for accomplishing an objective.
 Methodologies provide a checklist of key deliverables and
activities to avoid missing key tasks.
 A project management methodology provides a roadmap for
managing projects.
 Project methodologies provide guidance to project teams to
collaborate in tackling projects. Project teams who do not use
a shared methodology tend to be inefficient, resulting in higher
cost, longer schedule and the introduction of higher risk.
 While the entire team is affected by the project management
methodology, the project manager is the owner and typically
most impacted.

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Project Management Methodology
 The methodology produces projects where:
 Executives can exercise strategic control
using clear unambiguous check points
 Every team member has a clear
accountability for measured business
outcomes
 Tracking of progress is based on metrics and
avoids bad surprises when it is too late

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Type of PM methodology
 Lifecycles:
 Requirements & Scope: Top-Down Planning
 Work Breakdown Structure
 MS Project Scheduling & Optimization
 Status Reports: Spot Problems Early
 Summary
 Three tier structure:
 Tier #1 Small Projects within a department for the department
manager
 Tier #2 Medium Projects affects multiple departments or a
customer or client
 Tier #3 Strategic Projects organization-wide projects with long
term effects for senior management

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Type of PM methodology
 Project Initiation

 Project Planning

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Type of PM methodology
 Project Execution

 Project Closure

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Project Management Software
 Creates reliable project schedules that optimize
resource usage and takes into account all project
constraints like resource, calendar, financial and
supply limitations
 Calculates project material requirements at any
time period
 Calculates project budget and financial
requirements for any time period
 Calculate project resource (labor, machines)
requirements for any time period

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Project Management Software
 Collects project performance information and
adjusts project plan basing on performance results
 Forecasts future project results and shows any
deviations from the approved baseline
 Controls project contracts performance
 Analyzes risk and uncertainties and calculates
necessary contingency reserves
 Analyzes trends of project parameters
 Supplies project stakeholders with the reliable
estimates of project performance

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Project Management Software
 Software tools for project management are called “Upper
CASE” tools.
 CASE: Computer Aided Software Engineering
1. Microsoft Project
 GANTT and CPM network diagrams charts can be drawn
 Identify the critical path
 Adjust the tasks of the project and create a good report for
the client
 Provides list if resources names, tasks and estimated time to
perform each task

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Project Management Software
2. Microsoft Excel
 The second project management software tool
that works well is the Excel spreadsheet
 Financial data for projects can be very easily
recorded on spreadsheets
 Every phase of a project can be loaded into the
spreadsheet and the funds can be tracked year
by year or line by line.

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Expert Judgment
 Expert Judgment is a widely used Tools & Techniques in almost
all major processes
 Experts are those individuals or group who possess specialized
knowledge or training in particular area
 In project management, experts are either part of the project
(i.e. project manager) or involved (i.e. stakeholders) in project
processes
 Project teams with project manager and team members with
relevant experience in the project related subject can perform
the project with more success probability than those that are
not
 Other than project team, generally available experts are
project consultants, user groups, subject matter experts or
senior management people
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Expert Judgment
 Judgment provided by those people with expertise in
appropriate project area is utilized at various stages of project
phase in order to do effective project management.
 Their expertise is used to analyze historical information, define
& ensure appropriate standards, get various suggestions/advice,
evaluate different options, determine best suited options.
 In order to get maximum utilization from Expert Judgment, a
project management needs to:
 Create a contact list & skill inventory for each stakeholders on the
subject expertise
 Make sure you have adequate communication system in place to
contact experts on time
 Ensure you seek expert judgment at appropriate time
 Use delphi technique whenever required. This helps you to reduce
biased decisions

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Develop Project Management Plan

• Includes a summery or detail subsidiary plans…for

example:
• Project scope management plan
• Schedule management plan
• Cost management plan
• Quality management plan…….
• And about project process
• How to select and project process
• Description of tools and techniques
• Level of implementation
• How to manage change and integrity
•

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Direct and Manage Project Execution
 Oversee the execution of the  Approve change in to the project
project plan scope
 Project team perform different  Establish project communication
action to execute the project channels
 Train team members  Collect project data to facilitate
 Implement the planned methods forecasting
and standards  Collect and document lessons
 Create and control deliverables learned
 Obtain, mange and use resources
 Manage risk
 Produce information for
performance reporting.
 Produce either tangible or intangible
outputs

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Monitor and control project work
 Making sure the performance and the plan have the
same flow
 Compare actual performance against project
management plan
 Asses performance
 Analyze, track and monitor project risk
 Maintain accurate and timely information
 Provide information to support status report
 Provide forecasting
 Monitoring implementation of approved changes

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Integrated change management
 Active from inception to completion
 Approve change or incorporate so that the baseline plan could
be updated as well.
 Change as well could be rejected
 Control and update scope, cost and budget
 Documenting the complete impact of requested change
 Validating defect repair
 Identify a change needs to occur or has occurred
 Identify factors affecting change
 Reviewing and apprising requested change
 Manage approved changes

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Close project
 Finalizing all project process and formally closing the project
 Type:
 Administrative closure
 Contractual closure
 Major output include organizational process assets:
 Formal acceptance documentation
 Project files
 Project closure documents
 Historical information

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