Multiple Choice (35 items):

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the digestive system?

o (A) Ingestion
o (B) Propulsion
o (C) Thermoregulation
o (D) Elimination
2. The process of peristalsis is primarily responsible for:
o (A) The mechanical breakdown of food
o (B) The chemical breakdown of food
o (C) The movement of food along the digestive tract
o (D) The absorption of nutrients
3. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the initial breakdown of
carbohydrates?
o (A) Pepsin
o (B) Amylase
o (C) Lipase
o (D) Trypsin
4. The stomach plays a crucial role in the digestion of:
o (A) Carbohydrates
o (B) Proteins
o (C) Lipids
o (D) All of the above
5. The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the:
o (A) Stomach
o (B) Small intestine
o (C) Large intestine
o (D) Liver
6. Villi and microvilli in the small intestine function to:
o (A) Increase surface area for absorption
o (B) Secrete digestive enzymes
o (C) Move food through the digestive tract
o (D) Store excess nutrients
7. The primary function of the large intestine is:
o (A) Digestion of proteins
o (B) Absorption of water and electrolytes
o (C) Production of digestive enzymes
o (D) Storage of bile
8. Which accessory organ produces bile, crucial for fat emulsification?
o (A) Pancreas
o (B) Liver
o (C) Gallbladder
o (D) Spleen
9. The pancreas secretes:
o (A) Digestive enzymes
o (B) Bicarbonate
o (C) Hormones
o (D) All of the above
10. Which hormone, released by the stomach, stimulates acid secretion and gastric motility?
o (A) Gastrin
o (B) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
o (C) Secretin
o (D) Insulin
11. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to:
o (A) The presence of carbohydrates in the duodenum
o (B) The presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum
o (C) An increase in stomach acidity
o (D) The thought of food
12. Secretin stimulates the release of:
o (A) Bile from the gallbladder
o (B) Pancreatic enzymes
o (C) Bicarbonate from the pancreas
o (D) Gastrin from the stomach
13. The cephalic phase of digestion is triggered by:
o (A) Food entering the stomach
o (B) The sight, smell, taste, or thought of food
o (C) Chyme entering the duodenum
o (D) The release of CCK
14. The gastric phase of digestion primarily involves:
o (A) The preparation of the stomach for food
o (B) Digestion in the stomach, including protein breakdown
o (C) The regulation of stomach emptying
o (D) The absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
15. The intestinal phase of digestion focuses on:
o (A) Stimulating gastric secretions
o (B) Increasing stomach motility
o (C) Regulating the flow of chyme into the small intestine
o (D) Initiating carbohydrate digestion
16. Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?
o (A) Duodenum
o (B) Jejunum
o (C) Ileum
o (D) Cecum
17. The primary site for vitamin B12 absorption is the:
o (A) Duodenum
o (B) Jejunum
o (C) Ileum
o (D) Colon
18. Which enzyme, present in the small intestine, is essential for lactose digestion?
o (A) Amylase
o (B) Lactase
o (C) Sucrase
o (D) Lipase
19. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by:
o (A) Lactose
o (B) Gluten
o (C) Fats
o (D) Fructose
20. Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of peptic ulcer disease?
o (A) Hemorrhage
o (B) Perforation
o (C) Gastric outlet obstruction
o (D) Cirrhosis
21. The primary cause of peptic ulcers is:
o (A) Stress
o (B) Spicy food
o (C) Helicobacter pylori infection
o (D) Excessive alcohol consumption
22. The liver is primarily located in the:
o (A) Right upper quadrant of the abdomen
o (B) Left upper quadrant of the abdomen
o (C) Right lower quadrant of the abdomen
o (D) Left lower quadrant of the abdomen
23. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
o (A) Bile production
o (B) Detoxification
o (C) Insulin production
o (D) Carbohydrate metabolism
24. Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by:
o (A) Inflammation of the liver
o (B) Accumulation of fat in the liver
o (C) Scarring of the liver
o (D) Viral infection of the liver
25. Jaundice, a symptom of liver disease, is caused by the buildup of:
o (A) Ammonia
o (B) Bilirubin
o (C) Glucose
o (D) Urea
26. Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?
o (A) Gastrin
o (B) Secretin
o (C) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
o (D) Insulin
27. Gallstones can cause:
o (A) Biliary colic
o (B) Cholecystitis
o (C) Pancreatitis
o (D) All of the above
28. The pancreas performs:
o (A) Exocrine functions
o (B) Endocrine functions
o (C) Both exocrine and endocrine functions
o (D) Neither exocrine nor endocrine functions
29. Pancreatic amylase is responsible for the digestion of:
o (A) Proteins
o (B) Carbohydrates
o (C) Lipids
o (D) Nucleic acids
30. Trypsin, a pancreatic enzyme, is involved in the breakdown of:
o (A) Proteins
o (B) Carbohydrates
o (C) Lipids
o (D) Nucleic acids
31. Bicarbonate, secreted by the pancreas, functions to:
o (A) Digest fats
o (B) Neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum
o (C) Break down proteins
o (D) Activate digestive enzymes
32. Which part of the large intestine connects to the small intestine?
o (A) Cecum
o (B) Ascending colon
o (C) Transverse colon
o (D) Descending colon
33. Haustra are:
o (A) Pouches in the wall of the large intestine
o (B) Muscles that control defecation
o (C) Blood vessels that supply the large intestine
o (D) Nerves that regulate intestinal motility
34. What is the primary mechanism for glucose absorption in the small intestine?

 (A) Simple diffusion

 (B) Facilitated diffusion
 (C) Active transport via the SGLT1 transporter
 (D) Endocytosis

35. How are lipids transported from the small intestine into the bloodstream?

 (A) Directly through capillaries

 (B) Via the lymphatic system as chylomicrons
  (C) Bound to albumin in the blood
 (D) Through the hepatic portal vein

True or False (10 items):

1. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth with the process of mastication.

2. The esophagus is the primary site for protein digestion.
3. The enteric nervous system can regulate digestion independently of the central nervous
system.
4. Pepsinogen is the active form of the enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the
stomach.
5. Bile is stored and concentrated in the pancreas.
6. Gastrin slows down stomach emptying, allowing for adequate digestion in the small
intestine.
7. The small intestine secretes enzymes that contribute to the final stages of carbohydrate
and protein digestion.
8. Hepatitis is a condition characterized by the scarring of the liver.
9. Pancreatitis is always caused by gallstones.
10. The large intestine plays a significant role in the absorption of vitamins produced by gut
bacteria.

Matching (5 items):

Match each term with its correct definition:

Term:

1. Chyme
2. Rugae
3. Hepatocytes
4. Chylomicrons
5. Diverticulitis

Definition:

 (A) Folds in the stomach lining

 (B) Inflammation of pouches in the colon wall
 (C) Partially digested food mixed with gastric juices
 (D) Liver cells
 (E) Lipoprotein particles that transport lipids

Answer Key:

Multiple Choice:

1. C
 2. C
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. B
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. C
24. C
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. C
29. B
30. A
31. B
32. A
33. A
34. C
35. B

True or False:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. False
 10. True

Matching:

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. E
5. B