Spanish Adverbs

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 13

Adverbs

Adverbs, both in Spanish and in English, are


words that describe a verb (action words) (habla rápidamente ("she speaks quickly")),
an adjective (description words) (es muy inteligente ("she is very intelligent")),
or another adverb (come muy lentamente ("she eats very slowly")).
Adverbs are great additions to our speech because we can use them to add information about an
action or other modifiers. For the most part, adverbs in Spanish and in English work in a
similar manner. In this post we will focus on some special aspects about adverbs that are
different from English: where to place them, how to form them, adverbs of place, and adverbs of
time. Are you ready to get started with adverbs, their rules, and how to use them? Follow along!

Types of adverbs in Spanish


In Spanish, as in English, we have different types of adverbs which provide different types of
information. Here are the types of adverbs in Spanish and how to get some additional
information about some of them:

 Adverbs of place — they answer the question “where?”

Voy para allá.

I'm going over there.

 Adverbs of quantity/amount — they answer the question “how much?”

Tengo bastante.

I have enough.

 Adverbs of negation — used in negative sentences

Nunca te dirán la verdad.

They will never tell you the truth.

 Relative adverbs — used to link relative clauses

Esta es la casa donde vivió Frida Kahlo.

This is the house where Frida Kahlo lived.

 Adverbs of time — they answer the question “when?”

¿Por qué llegas hasta ahora?


Why are you arriving now?

 Adverbs of manner — they answer the question “how?”

Mi abuelita camina muy lentamente.

My grandma walks very slowly.

 Interrogative adverbs — used as question words

¿Cómo lo hiciste?

How did you do it?

 Adverbs of affirmation — they add strength or soften statements

Sí te ayudé.

I did help you.

 Adverbs of doubt — used to add uncertainty

Quizás nadie se dio cuenta.

Maybe nobody noticed.

For more, check out this list of Spanish adverbs!

Rules for placing adverbs in Spanish


While adverbs are description words, unlike adjectives, they do not match in gender
and number with the word they describe — they are invariable. When it comes to placement,
adverbs follow a few rules that do not necessarily follow what we do with adverbs in English.

 When we use adverbs to describe verbs, we will place them after the verb.

La chica corrió rápidamente por el parque.

The girl ran quickly through the park.

 If the adverb is describing an adjective or another adverb, we will put it before those
words.

Estoy extremadamente emocionada porque mañana salgo para España.

I am extremely excited because tomorrow I leave for Spain.


Ella habla español muy bien.

She speaks Spanish very well.

muy is qualifying bien.

 In Spanish, adverbs can’t be placed between two verbs or between auxiliary verbs
and main verbs. For example, in English, we could say “I have always eaten dinner at 6
pm.” In Spanish, we can’t split the auxiliary (have) from the second part of the verb
(eaten). In order to build this, we say:

Yo siempre he comido la cena a las 6 pm.

In English we would say “I have not been to Spain.” However, In Spanish, we say:

Yo no he visitado España.

How to build adverbs of manner in Spanish?


In Spanish, we use adjectives as the “starting point” to build adverbs of manner (how?). You
can easily identify them in English because they end in -ly and in Spanish because they end in -
mente. In order to build them, follow these steps:

 Take the feminine form of an adjective.


completo ("complete")→ completa (feminine version)
 Attach -mente at the end.
completamente ("completely")
Important

If the adjective ends with an -e or consonant, keep it in that form and then add "-mente." For
example:

elegante ("elegant") → elegantemente ("elegantly")


veloz ("quick") → velozmente ("quickly")

As an additional little rule, if you find yourself using multiple adverbs one after the other, leave
all of the first few in the feminine form (or if it ends with -e or consonant, its original form), and
add the -mente only to the last one. For example:

El león se acercó a su presa lenta, silenciosa y cuidadosamente.

The lion approached its prey slowly, quietly, and carefully.

Finally, if the adjective originally has an accent, you keep it when you build the adverb. For
example:
rápido ("quick") → rápida → rápidamente ("quickly")
Important

 Many adjectives can be turned into adverbs by adding -mente, however, this doesn’t
work all the time! Certain adjectives can’t be turned into adverbs because it doesn’t make
sense to use them to describe a verb: colors, nationalities, etc.
 As a general rule, if an adverb ends in “-ly” in English, it can end in -mente in Spanish.
However, this is not always the case. Some Spanish adverbs do not come from an
adjective, and therefore are not formed by adding -mente: mal ("badly"), despacio
("slowly"), pronto ("quickly"), etc.

Now let's switch gears and talk about adverbs of place. Ready?

The three degrees of distance in Spanish


In English, we express distance as “here” if something is close to the speaker or “there” if it is
far. In Spanish, we have three different “levels” of how far away something is: aquí ("here"),
ahí ("there"), allá ("over there"). Check out the following drawing to get a better idea:

Now, let’s get a little more in depth with these adverbs of place:

 Aquí ("here") is used to talk about a specific location near the person speaking. If you are
referring to time, aquí ("here") implies a specific starting point, like “right now.” For
example:
Location:

Estos zapatos rojos aquí están muy bonitos. ¿Qué piensas?

These red shoes here are very pretty. What do you think?

Time:

De aquí en adelante espero que me digas a qué hora vas a llegar a la casa, por favor.

From here on out I hope you tell me at what time you will arrive home, please.
 Did you notice acá ("here") on the diagram? Basically, both acá and aquí mean "here,"
but while aquí is used to talk about "here" as a place, acá is used to talk about “here”
with a notion of movement. For example:
Example with aquí Example with acá
Trae los libros acá.
Los libros están aquí.
Bring the books here.
The books are here.
In this one, the books need to move from “there” to
This example is for the
“here” and we are using a verb of movement: traer ("to
place/location of the books!
bring")

 Ahí ("there") is used to talk about things that are close, but not easily within the reach of
the person speaking. Conversely, it refers to something close to the listener or audience as
you can see on the diagram above. For example:

Oye, ¿podrías pasarme esa gorra ahí?

Hey, could you hand me that hat there?

(The hat is near, but I can’t reach it! The listener is way closer than me!)

 Allá ("over there") will refer to things or people that are far away from the speaker
(usually out of sight). For example:

La casa de José queda allá por el centro. Está como a media hora de aquí.

José’s house is over there near downtown. It’s about half an hour from here

Adverbs of place are often paired with Spanish demonstrative adjectives ("this,” “that,” “those,”
etc). As a reminder, you can check out our post to get a refresher on how to use them!

Adverbs of time in Spanish


Adverbs of time, as we mentioned in the introduction, talk about time, duration, or frequency of
something. They will often answer questions, such as “how long?,” “when?,” etc. In Spanish,
there are a few adverbs of time that are especially challenging for language learners. Here, we
will focus on the following adverbs of time:

 Ya ("already") is an adverb that changes meaning depending on the tense of the sentence.
In the past, it indicates that something was done, similar to the use of “already” in
English. If used with the present, it means “right now,” and when used in the future it
can mean “eventually.” For example:

Verb
Example
Tense
Past Hay que apurarnos, la película ya comenzó.
Verb
Example
Tense

We need to hurry, the movie has already started.


Dame ya la respuesta, por favor.
Present
Give me the answer right now, please.
Ellos ya te dirán si pueden ir.
Future
They will eventually tell you if they can go.

 When we say ya no, however, it means something is no longer valid or does not exist
at that moment. In English, ya no would be similar to "not anymore" or "no longer."
 Cuando me preguntaron cómo me iba con el ballet, les respondí que ya no lo practico.
 When they asked me how ballet was going, I answered that I do not practice it anymore.
 Tip

Ya is often used to emphasize a statement. In English, the equivalent would be to add an


emphatic tone to the sentence.

¡Ya sé!
I know!
¡Ya casi termino!
I’m almost done!
¡Ya voy!
I'm coming!

 Todavía ("still, yet") implies the continuation of something, it implies something has been
happening until now.

Carla dijo que su bebé todavía estaba durmiendo y por eso no puede venir.

Carla said her baby was still sleeping (until now) and that’s why she is not coming.

When we say todavía no, it implies something has not been done up until a certain point.

Toqué la puerta, pero todavía no abren.

I knocked on the door, but they have not opened yet.

 Aún ("still, yet") is very similar to todavía. They can be used interchangeably. The same
happens with aún no. Look at the same examples from above, but with aún ("still, yet"):

Carla dijo que su bebé aún estaba durmiendo y por eso no puede venir.
Carla said her baby was still sleeping (until now) and that’s why she is not coming.

Toqué la puerta, pero aún no abren.

I knocked on the door, but they have not opened yet.

 Tip

Aun without an accent means "even." It's interchangeable with incluso ("even").

Aun los mejores estudiantes sacaron mala nota.

Even the best students got a bad grade.

‘Luego’ vs ‘entonces’ (then)

While both luego and entonces can be translated as "then," there are some differences in their
use.

 In Spanish, we use entonces to talk about "then" as "at that point in time." For example:

Primero tengo que ir al súper. Entonces tendré lo que necesito para cocinar la cena.

First I need to go to the supermarket. Then (at that time) I will have what I need to make
dinner.

Another use of entonces is to say "in that case," for example:

Si vas a la tienda y no tienen manzanas, entonces compra peras.

If you go to the store and they do not have apples, then (in that case) buy pears.

 Luego ("then"), on the other hand, will be used with a series of actions, to say “later” or
“next.” Luego ("then") can also substitute the word después ("later, later on"). For
example:

Fuimos al cine, luego pasamos por casa de mis papás.

We went to the movies, then (next, later) we went by my parents’ house.

The example above could also be:

Fuimos al cine, después pasamos por casa de mis papás.

Intensifiers in Spanish
Intensifiers are adverbs that refer to quantity or degree. Here are a few that are challenging to
Spanish learners.

‘Muy’ (very) vs ‘mucho’ (a lot)

Both words in this category are used to intensify something:


Muy ("very") is an adverb used in Spanish to intensify the qualities offered by either an
adjective or an adverb. For example:

La chica es muy atlética.

The girl is very athletic.

(muy is intensifying the adjective "athletic”)

El león corre muy rápidamente.

The lion runs very quickly.

(muy is intensifying the adverb “quickly.”)


Exception!

Muy cannot be used to intensify comparative adverbs and adjectives like más ("more") or menos
("less"). To intensify comparatives, use mucho instead (see below.)

Mucho ("a lot"), on the other hand, is used to talk about amounts. It can also mean “many” or
“much.” It is used after verbs or before Spanish comparative adjectives and adverbs like más
("more") or mejor ("better"). For example:

El equipo de campo traviesa corre mucho.

The cross country team runs a lot.

Esta película es mucho mejor que la primera.

This movie is much better than the first one.


Important

Words like mucho can also function as adjectives or pronouns if followed by a noun or replacing
one. For more on this, check out our post on quantifiers in Spanish.

‘Sí’ (yes) vs ‘si’ (if)

While both of these words look very similar, they are very different! They are even different
parts of speech. You read that right! And, they can be used as intensifiers.
 Sí ("yes") (with an accent!) is an adverb that implies affirmation, agreement. Most
often translated as “yes,” but when used as an intensifier, in English we use an emphatic
tone instead. For example:

Sí desayuné, pero aún tengo hambre.

I did have breakfast, but I am still hungry.

 On the other hand si ("if") (without an accent) is a Spanish conjunction that introduces
conditional statements (if, then) or an indirect question. However, when used as an
intensifier, it’s usually preceded by pero ("but"), and it adds emphasis to the following
statement.

-¿Cómo no sabes a qué hora salimos? -¡(pero) Si te lo dije ayer!

- How come you don’t know the time we leave? -(but) I told you yesterday!

‘Bien’ (very, quite, well)

You may have seen the intensifier bien ("well, very, quite") as you study Spanish. It can modify
a verb, an adjective, and also certain adverbs:

La chica baila bien.

The girl dances well.

(bien ("[dances] well") is describing how the girl dances.)

El felino corre bien rápido.

The feline runs very quickly.

(bien ("very [quickly]") is intensifying the adverb.)

La profesora es bien inteligente.

The professor is very/quite intelligent.

(bien ("very/quite [intelligent]") is intensifying the adjective.)

Bien is invariable, but the adjective that follows will match the noun being described. For
example:

Los muchachos son bien inteligentes.

The boys are very/quite intelligent.


(See how the previous example has bien, but it does not change. On the other hand, inteligentes
(the adjective) will match the noun muchachos.)

In Spanish, we use bien to talk about the following topics:

 Our health/how we are feeling:

Hoy estoy bien.

Today I am (doing, feeling) well.

 To say something is being done correctly:

Ella cocina bien.

She cooks well.

 To talk about whether or not something is functioning as it should:

Mi computadora no anda bien. Está muy lenta.

My computer is not working well. It’s very slow.

 When we want to answer a question with “okay, fine, sure!”

-¿Quieres ir al súper conmigo?


-Bien, dame unos minutos.

-Do you want to go to the supermarket with me?


-Sure, give me a few minutes.

 To say “Yay! Hooray! Bravo!”

-Miss Universo es… ¡Señorita Colombia!


-¡Bien! ¡Viva Colombia!

-Miss Universe is… Miss Colombia!


-Yay! Let’s go, Colombia!

To sum it up
While there are a lot of similarities between adverbs in English and adverbs in Spanish, there are
also differences. Here are some of the items that differ between the two languages:

 Placement rules:
o Adverbs are placed after the verbs they describe.
o Adverbs go before adjectives or adverbs they describe.
o We do not place adverbs between verbs or between auxiliary verbs and main
verbs.
 Adverbs of manner:

Adverbs of manner that end in -ly in English, end in -mente in Spanish.

 The three degrees of distance:

While in English we have “here” and “there” to talk about distance from the speaker, in
Spanish we have three different levels of distance: aquí/acá ("here"), ahí ("there"), and
allá ("over there").

 Challenging adverbs of time:


o Ya ("already") changes meaning depending on the tense of the sentence. It can
mean “already,” “now,” or “eventually.” In the negative, it means something is
no longer valid or does not exist at that moment, similar to “not anymore.”
o Todavía and aún ("still, yet") imply the continuation of something, that
something has been happening until now. Todavía no or aún no imply something
has not been done up until a certain point.
o Use entonces to talk about "then" as "at that point in time."
o Luego ("then"), is used with a series of actions, to say "later" or "next."
 Intensifiers:
o Muy ("very") vs mucho ("a lot")
 Muy is used to intensify the qualities offered by either an adjective or
an adverb.
 Mucho is used to talk about amounts. We use it after verbs or before
comparatives.
o Sí ("yes") vs si ("if")
 Sí ("yes") (with an accent!) is an adverb that implies affirmation,
agreement.
 Si ("if") (without an accent) is a conjunction that introduces conditional
statements (if, then) and can intensify the following statement.
o Bien ("very, quite, well") is invariable and can modify a verb, an adjective, and
also certain adverbs.

You might also like