Chapter 11

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ASSIGNMENT-3D

TOPIC-EQUATION OF A LINE
Q.1* Find the vector equation of a line which passes through the point with position
vector
2i – j + 4k and is in the direction of i + j – 2k. Also, reduce it to Cartesian form.
[CBSE2008]
Q.2 Find the vector equation of a line passing through (2, - 1,1) and parallel to the line

whose equations are


Q.3* Find the vector equation of a line which is parallel to the vector 2i - j + 3 k and which
passes through the point (5, - 2, 4). Also, reduce it to cartesian form.

Q.4* The points A(4, 5, 10), B(2, 3, 4) and C(1, 2, -1) are three vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD. Find vector and Cartesian equations for the sides AB and BC and find the
coordinates of D. [CBSE2008, 2012]

Q.5 Find the direction cosines of the line . Also, find the vector
equation of the line.
Q.6* The Cartesian equations of a line are 6x – 2 = 3y + 1 = 2z – 2. Find its direction ratios
and also find vector equation of the line. [CBSE2008]

Q 7. Find the cartesian and vector equations of a line which passes through the point

(1, 2, 3) and is parallel to the line


Q 8*. The cartesian equations of a line are 3x + 1 = 6y - 2 = 1 - z. Find the fixed point
through which it passes, its direction ratios and also its vector equation.
ANSWERS:

1. 2.

3.

4. (3, 4, 5) 5.

6.
7. ,

8.
TOPIC: DIRECTION COSINES AND DIRECTION RATIOS

Q1*. Find the direction cosines of a line making angles 450, 900,1350 with co-ordinate axes.
Q2*. Find the direction cosines of a line equally inclined with co-ordinate axes.
[CBSE2009]
Q.3 Prove by using distance formula that the points P(1, 2, 3), Q(-1, -1, -1) and R(3, 5, 7)
are collinear.
Q.4* Find the distance of the point P (a, b, c) from the x-axis. [CBSE2014]
Q5*. If a line makes α , β , γ with x,y,z axis then show [CBSE2016,18]
2
(i)cos α+cos2 β +cos 2 γ=1
(ii)cos2 α +cos2 β+cos2 γ=−1
2
(iii)sin α+sin 2 β+sin 2 γ =2
Q6*. The projection of a line on co-ordinate axes are 2,3,4 find its length.

ANSWERS:
1
1. √2
, 0 ,−
1
√2 2.
(
±
1 1
,± ,±
√ 3 √3 √3
1
) √ b2 + c 2
4. 6. √ 29
TOPIC-ANGLE BETWEEN 2 LINES

Q.1* Find the angle between the lines


= 3i + 2j – 4k + (i + 2j + 2k) and = (5j – 2k) + (3i + 2j + 6k).
Q 2. Find the angle between the following pairs of lines :

(i) and

(ii) and
Q 3. Find the angle between the pairs of lines with direction ratios proportional to
(i) 1, 2, - 2 and -2, 2, 1 (ii) a, b, c and b-c, c-a, a - b.

Q.4* If the coordinates of the points A, B, C, D be (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 7), (- 4, 3, - 6)


and (2,9, 2) respectively, then find the angle between the lines AB and CD.
[CBSE2008]

Q.5* Find the value of  so that the lines

are at right angle. [CBSE2008,12,18]

Q.6 Find the value of  so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other.

1
cos−1
Q.7* Show that angle between any 2 diagonals of a cube is 3.

Q.8 Show that the line through the points (1, – 1, 2), (3, 4, – 2) is perpendicular to the
line through the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).
Q.9* Show that the line through the points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4) is parallel to the line through
the points (– 1, – 2, 1), (1, 2, 5).
Q.10 Show that the three lines with direction cosines 12/13,-3/13,-4/13 ; 4/13,12/13, 3/13
ansd 3/13,-4/13,12/13 are mutually perpendicular

ANSWERS

1. 2. (i) (ii) 3 (i) (ii) 4. 0 5.


6. 1

TOPIC-LINE PASSING FROM A GIVEN POINT AND


PERPENDICULAR TO 2 LINES

Q.1** Find the equation of the line passing through the point (-1, 3, -2) and perpendicular to

the lines [CBSE2011,13,16,2023]

Q.2 Find the equations of the line passing through the point (2,1,3) and perpendicular to
the lines

and .
Q.3** Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, -1, 1) and perpendicular to
the lines joining the points (4, 3, 2), (1, - 1, 0) and (1, 2, - 1), (2, 1, 1).

Q.4** Find the equation of the line passing through the point i + j -3k and perpendicular to

the lines = i +  (2i + j – 3k) and = (2i + j – k) +  (i + j + k). [CBSE2010]

ANSWERS

1. 2.

3. 4. = (i + j – 3k) +  (4i – 5j + k)

TOPIC-POINT OF INTERSECTION

Q 1**. Show that the lines and intersect and find their
point of intersection. [CBSE2015,17,19]

Q 2. Show that the lines and intersect. Find their


point of intersection.
Q 3. Prove that the lines through A (0, - 1, - 1) and B (4, 5,1) intersects the line through C
(3, 9, 4) and D (- 4, 4, 4). Also find their point of intersection.

Q 4**. Prove that the line = (i + j - k) + (3i - j) and =(4 i - k) + (2i + 3k) intersect and
find their point of intersection.

Q 5. Determine whether the following pair of lines intersect or not:

(i) = (i – j) +  (2i + k) and = (2i – j) +  (i + j – k).

(ii)

.Q.6 Show that the line intersect. Find their point


of intersection.

ANSWERS
1. (2, 6, 3) 2. 3. (10, 14, 4) 4. (4, 0, -1) 5. (i) No (ii) No. 6. (-1,-1,-1)
TOPIC-FOOT OF PERPENDICULAR

Q.1** Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point (0, 2, 3) on the line

. Also, find the length of the perpendicular. [CBSE2011,18]

Q 2. Find the length of the perpendicular from the point (1, 2, 3) to the line

.
Q 3**. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 2i – j + 5k to the line = (11i
– 2j – 8k) + (10i – 4j – 11k). Also, find the length of the perpendicular.

Q 4**. Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line . Also, write the
equation of the line joining the given point and its image and find the length of the
segment joining the given point and its image.
Q.5** Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point A (1, 0, 3) to the joint of the
points B (4, 7, 1) and C (3, 5, 3).
Q 6. A (1, 0, 4), B (0, - 11, 3), C (2, - 3, 1) are three points and D is the foot of
perpendicular from A on BC. Find the coordinates of D.

Q.7 Vertices B and C of ABC lie along the line . Find the area of
the triangle given that A has coordinates (1, -1, 2) and line segment BC has length 5.
ANSWERS:

1. units. 2. 7 units 3. units 4. 5. 6.

7. sq. units.
TOPIC-SHORTEST DISTANCE
Q 1. Find the shortest distance between the following pairs of lines whose vector equations
are: [CBSE2008,09,12,15,16,,23,24]

(i) ** = 3i + 8j + 3k + (3i - j + k) and = -3 i- 7 j + 6k + (-3 i + 2j + 4 k)

(ii) = (3i + 5j + 7k) + (i - 2j + 7k) and = - i - j - k +  (7i - 6j + k)

(iii) = (i + 2j + 3k) + (2i + 3j + 4k) and = (2i + 4j + 5k) +  (3i + 4j + 5k)

(iv)** = (1 - t) i + (t - 2)j + (3 - t)k and = (s + 1) i + (2 s - 1) j - (2 s + 1) k


(v) =( - 1) i + ( + 1) j - (1 + ) k and = (1 - ) i + (2  - 1) j + ( + 2)k
Q 2. Find the shortest distance between the following pairs of lines whose Cartesian
equations are :

(i) and

(ii) and

(iii) and

(iv)** and
Also state whether the following pairs of lines intersect or not:
Q 3. Find the shortest distance between the following pairs of parallel lines whose
equations are :

(i)** = (i + 2j + k) + (i - j + k) and = (2i - j - k) + (- i + j - k)

(ii) (i + j) +  (2i - j + k) and = (2i + j - k) +  (4i - 2j + 2k)


Q 4**. Write the vector equations of the following lines and hence determine the distance
between them

[CBSE2010]

x+3 y −1 z−5 x+1 y−2 z−5


= = = =
Q.5 Show that the lines −3 1 5 and −1 2 5 are coplanar
ANSWERS

(ii) (iii) (iv) (v)


1. (i)

2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 3. (i) (ii)

. = i + 2j – 4k +  (2i + 3j + 6k); = (3i – 5k) +  (4i + 6j + 12k), S.D. = units


4
TOPIC-FINDING POINT ON LINE
Q.1** Find the point on the line at a distance of from the point
(1, 2, 3). [CBSE2008]

Q.2 Find the points on the line at a distance of 5 units from the point
P (1, 3, 3).

Q.3 Check weather point (2,6,3) lies on the given line or not
ANSWERS:

1. 2. (4,3,7), (-8,-5,-1) 3.yes

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