Editor 24 211 224
Editor 24 211 224
Editor 24 211 224
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.28.04.24
Written by:
Rabab Abdallah Elawady Abdou94
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-5525
Abstract Resumen
Introduction
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, e-learning has objectives of education, which is a means to
become a happening event in most educational improve the output of education for the content
establishments, whether private or governmental. of teaching and e-learning - skills, experiences,
It is a digital tool to achieve the desired tools, etc., which the student should have to
94
Northern Border University Collage of Science and Arts in Turaif Kindergarten Department.
achieve the e-learning objective, namely learning its concept in civil society and public education
(Al-Atribi, 2015). institutions. (Ahmed I. A., 2016).
Therefore, we find that e-learning has become an • An overview of the focus and importance
urgent need, especially in this era of of the research proposal
communication and information. It is necessary
to employ modern teaching methods in The electronic assessment is an important
educational establishments and others, through application of e-learning technology, which
which the digital divide between countries can be highlights its importance in the educational
narrowed. Moreover, it is no longer acceptable process, helping the teaching staff to assess the
for universities to be limited to traditional performance of learner with new and fast
learning, in which the role of the student or methods and tools that ensure both teacher and
recipient is limited by participation principle that student credibility of appreciation.
is based solely on the teacher's effort. However,
it is also necessary to plan the use of integrated Because the electronic assessment is
and direct learning in the educational process characterized by multiple characteristics
because of its great impact on improving the compared to the traditional assessment, it
level of education. (Abu Shanab, Emad Ahmed achieves the concept of comprehensive
and Harb, Yusri, Abu Al-Basal, , 2011). assessment, which traditional education systems
limited by specific time and place is unable to
The Blackboard system is one of the most provide. as well as it provides an opportunity for
powerful e-learning management systems rather the learner to develop the skills of social
than other systems. This system offers a variety communication, criticism and thinking about
of educational opportunities by breaking all the what is provided to them, as well as developing
barriers and obstacles facing educational skills to use and employ technology and
institutions and learners. It has also helped many continuous self-learning skills.
educational institutions to spread education
strongly through the Internet, where it is flexible E-Assessment Tools can be identified using the
and scalable. (Mansour, 2015). Blackboard system as defined by (Tabbakh,
2014) as follows:
Several studies have confirmed the effectiveness
of Blackboard in education, including Annette • Electronic tests: A teaching member can use
(Al-Plasi, 2016), (Ahmed, 2016), (Abd al-Karim, multiple questions to test his students, such
Rashid bin Hussein, and Ruwais, Azizah bint as: right and wrong, pairing, multiple choice,
Saad., 2015), (Al-Mutairi, 2015), (Al-Sadhan, essay questions, etc. The teaching member
2015), (Abd al-Karim, 2015). Studies also show can also create a question bank and use it in
that 90% of universities in the United States use its courses. The advantages of these tests are
the Blackboard system in education (Jones, that they are electronically corrected and that
2005), which allows students and teaching staff their results are also electronically published
access to an electronic version of courses promptly.
registered to them on the academic system, • Assessed forums: an asynchronous
through which teaching member can interact communication tool that allows students
with Students, through a set of tools. Including enrolled in the course to hold discussions on
but not limited to designing and making available course topics. A teaching member can assess
tests and assignments electronically, creating student participation according to specific
forums and blogs for students, raising and criteria and receive feedback from students.
organizing content, controlling student • Assignments: are activities carried out by
availability, and reporting on active and content- students at a specific time and with defined
driven students. Blackboard system offers a specifications, corrected after grading, and
range of services including: virtual classroom students receive feedback.
system, SMS system, e-Assessment Tools • Questionnaires and Polls: A referendum to
(Salloum, 2011). obtain responses from students about a
particular question, for the purpose of
The 12th Scientific Conference on Information surveying or gathering information on a
Systems and Computer Technology (2012) held particular topic and reviewing its results.
in Cairo from 15/5 to 18/5/2012 and the Second • Blogs: Students are allowed to create blogs,
International Conference on e-Learning and post some of topics and information related
Distance Education (2013) held in Riyadh from to the course and assess these participations.
11/3 to 14/3/2013, have recommended on
spreading the culture of e-learning and enhancing
Information at Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Also, the study of (Attallah, 2016), which aimed
Islamic University towards using the blackboard to identify the attitudes of students and teaching
management system in teaching and learning. members at Mansoura University towards
The results of this study showed that there is a electronic assessment and obstacles of its
positive attitude towards students to use the application. This study also found a positive
system, as well as the attitudes of teaching attitude among students at Mansoura University
members came positive and concluded a set of towards electronic assessment, and there were no
recommendations, the most important of which: significant differences due to gender and level,
Providing continuous and intensive training for on the measurement of attitude towards
students and teaching staff on the use of electronic assessment. The study of (Mezher,
Blackboard system. 2016) aimed at developing a vision for the
electronic assessment of university performance
The objective of (Shoaib, 2014) study was to based on the use of ICT, in the light of the
identify the impact of a proposed gradual systems approach to assess performance at Naif
program to equip the teaching staff at the Arab University for Security Sciences. This
University of Hail with the skills of creating study recommended the need to use the method
electronic tests in the Blackboard Learning of systems as a method of thinking and
Management System, and found that there is a methodology in the study of the relationship
statistically significant difference between the between elements and variables of the system,
average scores of the sample members in the and the study concluded the scientific
achievement test in favor for the post- foundations on which the model was built.
application, due to its impact on the proposed
gradual program. There is a statistically The study of (Tabbakh, 2014) aimed to identify
significant difference between the average scores the impact of different social networking patterns
of the sample members in the prior and post in the virtual training environments based on
applications on the practical performance card of participatory learning strategy on the
electronic test creating skills in favor for the post development of e-learning skills of postgraduate
application, due to its impact on the proposed students. This study found that there is a
gradual program. statistically significant difference between
experimental group scores due to interaction
The study by (Hugue, 2010), which aims to between virtual training environments in social
assess the discussion boards in the Blackboard networking patterns and participative learning
Learning Management System as a collaborative pattern in the post-test of achievement tests and
learning tool, found the effectiveness of the the skill performance note for the group that is
Blackboard e-learning management system in taught in the personal networking pattern in the
promoting learning among students. The results development of electronic assessment skills.
demonstrated the role of discussions and forums
in promoting collaborative learning, partnerships This study seeks to give answers to the
among students and providing feedbacks to following questions
information through mutual interaction within
discussion boards. 1. hat are the advantages of e-Assessment
Tools used in the Blackboard learning
(Al-Janzouri, 2017) study aimed to identify the management system from the perspective of
attitudes of teaching members at Jouf University pre service kindergarten female teachers in
towards the use of e-Assessment Tools, using the Turaif?
Blackboard system in the educational process. 2. What are the disadvantages of the e-
The study sample has consisted of (86) members Assessment Tools used in the Blackboard
of the teaching staff at Jouf University. The learning management system from the
research results have indicated positive attitudes perspective of pre service kindergarten
among teaching members at Jouf University to female teachers in Turaif?
employ e-Assessment Tools using the 3. What are the most effective assessment tools
Blackboard system in the educational process, in learning from the perspective of female
and the sample showed the desire and need for students?
further training in the use and employment of e- 4. Are there any statistically significant
Assessment Tools using Blackboard, and the differences between the responses of pre
search results showed the absence of differences service kindergarten female teachers ,
in attitudes towards the use of e-Assessment towards the e-Assessment Tools used in the
Tools, using the Blackboard system in the Blackboard system due to the
educational process among teaching members in (specialization) variable?
variables (type/ degree/ specialization).
Table 1.
Correlation coefficients for measurement axes of employing e-Assessment Tools using the Blackboard system
Table 2.
Fixed coefficients for the measurement axes of employing e-Assessment Tools using the Blackboard system
Half-Split
Number of
Measurement Axes Alpha Spearman Guttmann
Phrases
coefficient coefficient coefficient
Using Blackboard system in
23 **0.769 **0.727 **0.726
promotion of academic achievement
Obstacles to the use of the Blackboard
15 **0.774 **0.734 **0.736
system
Motivation of students towards using
9 **0.704 **0.724 **0.722
the Blackboard system
Total Measurement 47 ***0.743 **0.7407 **0.7406
It is clear from Table (2) that the fixed parameter Pearson correlation coefficient, Alpha Cronbach
values (Alpha and Half-Split including Spearman and Half-Split for validity and reliability
coefficient and Guttmann coefficient) for calculation, and t-test to calculate differences
dimensions and measurements (as a whole) are between averages for study variables.
function at the level of (0.01) confirming the
measurement reliability and its validity for First: Sample Description
application in the current research.
The study sample consisted of (407) female
Result students of the Faculty of Science and Arts in
Turaif from different levels of study. The
After statistical data collection and unloading, selection was random so that the sample included
statistical processing was carried out using the the literary and scientific specializations. The
statistical package for social sciences (SPSS21), following is a comprehensive description of the
calculation of number and percentages, relative randomly selected research sample:
weight, arithmetic mean, standard deviations,
Table 3.
Distribution of the research sample according to specialization (N = 407)
Table 3.
Frequency, percentage and value of Chi-square and its statistical significance relating to the use of Blackboard system
in the promotion of academic achievement
The results of the previous table indicate that the evaluation is characterized by multiple
value of Chi-square reached its statistically characteristics compared to the traditional
significance for all the indicators of the "use of evaluation, it achieves the concept of
Blackboard system in the promotion of academic comprehensive evaluation, which limited
achievement". The arithmetic average values of traditional education systems are unable to
the indicators ranged between (3.71) to (4.34) provide in specific time and place. It also
with a relative weight ranging from (74.25) to provides an opportunity for the learner to develop
(86.78) in favor of strongly agree and agree. It is the skills of social communication, criticism, and
emphasized that the research sample represented thinking about what is provided to them. In
by students from different levels of scientific and addition, it develops the skills of technology use
literary specialization felt the importance of and employment and continuous self-learning
employing electronic evaluation tools using skills.
Blackboard system. Because the electronic
The second domain: obstacles to using
Blackboard system.
Table 5.
Frequency and percentages and the value of Chi-square and its statistical significance regarding to the obstacles to
the use of Blackboard system.
The results of the previous table indicate that the continuously by the professor of the course,
value of Chi-square reached its statistically Internet interruption during tests, the difficulty of
significance for all the indicators of the " using the Blackboard system and its many icons,
obstacles to using Blackboard system ". The Lack of students training to use Blackboard
arithmetic average values of the indicators inside the college, evaluation criteria for exams
ranged between (2.74) to (4.02) with a relative and assignments are unclear. it takes time to
weight ranging from (54.84) to (80.39) in favor upload assignments; Blackboard does not
of strongly agree and agree except some negative provide all the services I need. Which confirms
phrases as: My lack of experience in computer the response to them by (disagree) and this
use hinders my use of the system, personal confirms that the application of the Blackboard
computer is not available, delaying my duties, the system has no obstacles, although there are some
weakness of the faculty members' skills in using negligible obstacles.
Blackboard, failure to follow-up the Blackboard
Third domain: Students' motivation towards
using the Blackboard system.
Table 6.
Frequency and percentage and the value of Chi-square and its statistical significance regarding to the motivation of
students towards the use of the Blackboard system.
The results of the previous table indicate that the university professor and students, which
value of Chi-square reached its statistically confirms the response to them by (disagree). The
significance for all the indicators of the " researcher believes that motivation for
Students' motivation towards using the achievement is one of the most important aspects
Blackboard system ". The arithmetic average in the system of humanitarian motives, and its
values of the indicators ranged between (3.05) to role appears in the scope of education through its
(4.21) with a relative weight ranging from role in the occurrence of learning. as it helps
(60.93) to (84.28) in favor of strongly agree and students to focus attention and reduce the feeling
agree except some negative phrases as: 43- I of tiredness, which ultimately achieve higher
believe that using Blackboard has an extra level of achievement of academic excellence
burden on me, I believe that the use of the through desire for good performance and
Blackboard system reduces interaction between achievement of success. Which is a subjective
goal that activates and directs behavior, it is an ability and effort exerted. so it increases the
important component of success as well. It is also efforts to achieve the goals, increase the initiative
linked positively to independence and self- activity and perseverance , identify the outcomes
confidence as well as internal processes that enhancing learning, motivates the human to do a
guide the behavior of the individual and provide certain behavior, and that the best level of
him with the necessary energy to strive and excel motivation to achieve positive results is the
in the study, and obtains the highest levels of middle, and the high level leads to increased
education and the various tasks based on the anxiety and tension.
Table 7.
Frequency and percentage and value of Chi-square and its statistical significance regarding to the domains using
electronic evaluation tools using the Blackboard system (as a whole)
The results of the previous table indicate that the students on the scale of employing electronic
value of Chi-square reached its statistically evaluation tools using the Blackboard system as
significance for all the indicators of the " using a whole and in each dimension.
electronic evaluation tools using the Blackboard
system (as a whole)". The arithmetic average The second hypothesis: There are statistically
values of the indicators ranged between (3.23) to significant differences between the average
(4.08) with a relative weight ranging from scores of pre service kindergarten female
(64.52) to (81.62) in favor of "I agree" regarding teachers in Turaif at the level of employing
to the first and third domains and "I disagree" electronic evaluation tools using the Blackboard
regarding to the domain of "Obstacles to using system with its dimensions (The use of
Blackboard system", which confirms the Blackboard system in the promotion of academic
overcoming of many of the obstacles that prevent achievement, Obstacles to using Blackboard
the use of the Blackboard system. system and The motivation of students towards
the use of the Blackboard system) according to
Discussion the specialization variable.
In the light of the above, the researcher can To verify the validity of this hypothesis, the
accept the first hypothesis of the research researcher used "t test" to determine the
hypotheses, which states: There is a statistically significance of the differences, and the following
significant difference at (0.05) between the table shows this.
frequency and percentages of the responses of the
Table 8.
Significance of the differences between the average scores of female students of the Faculty of Science and Arts in
Turaif on the scale of employing electronic evaluation tools using the Black system in its dimensions according to the
specialization variable.
It is clear from the previous table: Turaif on the domain of obstacles to using
the Blackboard system according to the
1. There is a statistically significant difference variable specialization, because there are no
between the average scores of pre service obstacles that prevent it.
kindergarten female teachers in Turaif on 3. The existence of a statistically significant
the domain of using Blackboard system in difference between the average scores of pre
the promotion of academic achievement service kindergarten female teachers in
according to the variable specialization. Turaif on the domain of the motivation of
2. There is no statistically significant students towards the use of the Blackboard
difference between the average scores of pre system according to the variable
service kindergarten female teachers at specialization - for the benefit of literary.
Figure 1.
Average scores of pre service kindergarten female teachers in Turaif on the scale of the using of lectronic evaluation
tools using the Blackboard system dimensions according to the variable specialization.
In light of the above, the researcher can There should be periodic training sessions for
accept the second hypothesis of the faculty members and students on the optimal use
research hypotheses, which states: There of the Blackboard e-learning system.
are statistically significant differences
between the average scores of pre service Acknowledgement
kindergarten female teachers in Turaif on
the scale of using the electronic evaluation The Authors Gratefully Acknowledge The
tools using the Blackboard system in its Approval And The Support Of Research Study
dimensions (use of Blackboard system in By The Grant , From The Deanship Of Scientific
the promotion of academic achievement, Research At Northern Border University.
Obstacles to using Blackboard system, the
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