Gloeng 1ed s12 CB Ans

CAMBRIDGE GLOBAL ENGLISH 12: COURSEBOOK ANSWERS
Coursebook answers
Unit 1
Think about it: 21st-century c The speakers mainly share similar views
on family. They use phrases to show
families agreement (‘Yeah, I agree’, ‘Got to agree
1 a extended family with you there, Anita’, ‘Sure, Anita’s
b privacy right’). However, at the end, Anita shows
that she does not share Paul’s view when
c interdependent she says, ‘No, I can’t go along with that’.
d wouldn’t change it for the world d Student’s own answers.
e nuclear family
f independent Sociology: Someone to look up to
g multigenerational 1 Student’s own answers.
2 1 noun/collocation; 2 adjective; 3 noun/ 2 c
collocation; 4 noun/collocation; 5 adjective;
3 a Role models are more effective if their
6 adjective; 7 semi-fixed expression
beliefs and actions match their admirer’s
3 1 nuclear family; 2 multigenerational; ideas and goals.
3 extended family; 4 privacy;
b to believe someone is perfect; the words
5 interdependent; 6 independent;
‘put’ and ‘on’ suggest placing them
7 wouldn’t change it for the world
somewhere like a valuable item; the word
4 a three ‘pedestal’ also suggests placing these
b There are thee different accents and three people above yourself
names: Paul, Samantha and Anita. c local communities
5 serious threat; technological innovations; d Student’s own words, e.g. The writer
shapes and sizes; house prices; family ties seems to be implying that we should be
6 a false; b true; c false; d not given; e false; wary of online influencers. While there
f true are some good ones there are also some
7 a Student’s own answers. They should pick bad ones.
up on clues about the speakers, such e Student’s own answers, e.g. inspirational,
as that they share information about set a good example, model good values
themselves, which they wouldn’t if they and morals, show us how to be
knew each other very well. For example, responsible active citizens
Samantha says she has two daughters; 4 a hopefully
Anita tells them about who she lives with.
b fortunately
b Samantha. She invites the others to speak,
c clearly
using phrases such as ‘So if I can start
with you Paul’, ‘Any thoughts, Anita?’, d surprisingly
‘Do you want to come in here, Paul?’ 5 Student’s own answers.
1 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Talk about it: The impact of social media on relationships

1 Student’s own answers.
2 and 3
Functional language Tick Category (a–e)

Carry on… a
The way I see it… 3 d
How about you…? 3 b
Go on… 3 a
From my point of view… 3 d
What do you reckon…? 3 b
I know just how you feel. c
What makes you say that? b
I feel we should… d
What about you…? b
I’m with you… 3 e
Don’t stop there… 3 a

7 Students should have used all three skills in the game.
Academic writing: A discussion essay

1 Example ideas map:
unequal Woodrow Wilson
one-sided
1 Introduction
put upon
demanding 3 Two-way
relationship
Why
stress are friends
important?
4 Bad 2 Benefits of a
friendships good friend
5 Attributes of a
good friend keep us engaged
generosity fun
kindness support and encourage
support self-esteem
patience health and wellbeing

2 1 define; 2 compare; 3 evaluate Firstly,

3 Explain: In other words, to have good friends we Secondly,
need to be a good friend in return. Next,
Expand: Moreover, engaging with friends keeps Additionally,
us socially active and open to new experiences. Another (strategy) is to
Exemplify: This idea has been borne out time Equally,
and again by global events, such as natural And finally,
disasters and social disruptions like the
3 1 setbacks; 2 perceived failures;
Covid-19 pandemic.
3 predetermined traits; 4 self-esteem;
4 a In other words/To put it another way/ 5 imperfection; 6 vulnerabilities; 7 challenges;
That is to say 8 reframe; 9 learning; 10 mess up
b such as/like/for instance 4 Student’s own answers.
c like/such as/for instance
d Moreover/What’s more/Furthermore Psychology: Theory of mind
e Moreover/What’s more/Furthermore 1 Student’s own answers.
f To put it another way/That is to say/ 2 Student’s own answers.
In other words 3 Student’s own answers.
5 Student’s own answers. 4 a to think about the mental states of others
Use of English b between the ages of three and five,
but it continues to develop all through
Student’s own answers. childhood and adolescence and
into adulthood
Practise and prepare c By thinking about and understanding
1 A and C how other people think and feel, we can
2 B and E interact better with them.
3 Student’s own answers. d gender; number of siblings in the home;
relationships with parents and siblings;
activities in the home
Unit 2 e social competence – children who are
more skilled at thinking about what
Think about it: The benefits of a other people are thinking are socially
more adept
growth mindset
f to see whether a child can understand that
1 a self-esteem someone’s belief about a situation can be
b predetermined trait different to their own
c imperfection g They pass if they say that Sally will
d vulnerability look in the basket for the marble – this
demonstrates that they understand that
e mess up
Sally’s belief about the location of the
f setback marble is false; that they understand that
g reframe Sally has a different belief to their own.
h perceived failure h They fail if they say Sally will look for
2 a There are 11 key points. the marble in the box – this shows they
do not understand that Sally’s knowledge
b Words/phrases in the recording:
is different to their own.
I’m going to begin by
To explain more about that,
In contrast,
However,

5 Students’ own discussions. They may note Academic writing: Describing

the following:
data in charts and graphs
a Young children are often very egocentric/
focused on what they want. This could 1 a ii and iv; b i, ii and iv; c i, ii and iv; d iii
be evolutionary – they need to be focused 2 Graph i:
on themselves, demanding attention, a Percentage change in GDP in various
for survival. countries from one quarter to another
b Without siblings, a child won’t get as b vertical axis = percentage change/
much opportunity at home to learn about horizontal axis = countries
other people having thoughts and feelings
c percentages
that are different to their own.
d N/A
c A young child being in the clinical setting
of a ‘laboratory’, when they’re possibly Chart ii:
only used to being in the familiar situation a Percentage of EU housing stock
of their home, could mean that they don’t according to years when built
perform well. Also, the child needs to have b N/A
an adequate level of language, at least
c percentages
receptively, to be able to understand and
respond. Additionally, the question asked d N/A
is about the beliefs of a third person, i.e. Graph iii:
Sally, not directly about the other (second) a Revenue from climate-related taxes as a
person that the child is interacting with, percentage of total tax revenues between
which adds an extra level of abstraction 2000 and 2020 in OECD countries
to the task.
b vertical axis = percentage of revenue/
d They may be not very socially competent horizontal axis = different years
or able to empathise with people. A lack
c percentages
of theory of mind is linked with autism.
d N/A
Talk about it: Creative Graph iv:
problem-solving a Percentage of curriculum content
targeting eight values/attitudes and
1 Student’s own answers. distribution by learning area
2 Student’s own answers. b vertical axis = percentages/horizontal
3 a Sara: She leads the discussion, shows axis = values/attitudes
interest in what the other speakers say c percentages
and asks follow-up questions.
d colour-coded key to show the proportion
b Dan: He doesn’t give extended responses of each value/attitude according to
or ask the others questions about their learning area
opinions.
3 a the percentage of content items in
c Ali: He questions the content of the curriculums targeting empathy and
statements and says how feasible or not he distribution by subject area
thinks the approach would be.
b vertical axis = countries/regions; horizontal
d Sara: She compares the ‘power of process’ axis = percentage of subject areas
with the ‘journey not the destination’.
c percentages
4 All the comments are in the recording except
d colour-coded key to show the proportion
c and j.
of empathy content per subject area;
5 Student’s own answers. notes show how the bar chart is organised
6 Student’s own answers. e There is a lot of variation. Trends are:
7 Student’s own answers. most empathy content is in national
language and humanities; least amount
found in science.

f Estonia has highest empathy content. Canada (Saskatchewan region) has the lowest.
g Estonia, Korea, China, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Northern Ireland
h most likely: national language and humanities; least likely: science and maths
4 a 4; b 2; c 3; d 1
5 a considerable variation c closely followed by
b For the majority d lowest scoring
6 Verb Passive form/past Gerund Noun

participle/adjective
incorporate incorporated incorporating incorporation
distribute distributed distributing distribution
distributor (person)
include included including inclusion
participate participated participating participation
place the emphasis placed the emphasis placing … placement of…
on/emphasise on/emphasised emphasising emphasis (plural emphases)
vary varied varying variation
provide provided providing provision
7 Example answers:
incorporating: The chart shows the percentage of content that incorporates the
skill of…’
included: Although curriculum content includes/is inclusive of empathy…’
participating: … in all the participatory countries/regions; … in all the
countries/regions that participated
variation: the quantity varies considerably
placed the emphasis on: The countries placing the heaviest emphasis on
empathy; The countries where the heaviest emphasis is placed on empathy
provide: there is significant content that includes empathy provided in
national language
Practise and prepare

1 1 obsession; 2 less satisfied; 3 missing out; 4 wellbeing; 5 everyday pleasures;
6 counterproductive; 7 mental contrasting; 8 success
Unit 3
Think about it: The impact of noise and artificial light
on humans
1 a adverse effect/detrimental effect
b collate
c knock-on effect
d bring about/set off/trigger

e causal c These direct speech comments help

f correlational to bring the technical details about
the causes and effects of stress to life,
g overwhelming
making them easier to understand.
d Student’s own answers.
e Student’s own answers.
4 a various studies of environmental noise
from planes, trains and vehicles, as well Talk about it: A logical argument
as other city sources collected over
a ten-year period 1 Student’s own answers.
b that exposure to environmental noise 2 a He is arguing for the motion.
has adverse effects on the health of b His key points are that the internet has had
the population a negative effect on our social relationships
c traffic noise, passing aircraft, voices/music and working lives, causing problems with
from neighbours our mental and physical health.
d It sets off the body’s stress response, c Strengths: he makes a logical argument
which raises blood pressure and heart rate, for the social relationship point, backing
which can trigger a state of hyperarousal, it up with evidence from surveys and
and this can lead to cardiovascular disease studies and explaining how all this causes
and other health problems. negative effects.
e because the WHO has a reputation as Weaknesses: while he makes some
a reliable source of information interesting points for the argument on the
negative effect on working life, he doesn’t
f that it was first introduced in Europe and
back them up with real evidence – he just
North America in the 19th century, first
makes assertions.
with gaslight and then with electric light
d Speed, intonation and volume are all
g light bulbs, computer screens, phones,
OK when he’s putting forward the first
street lights, vehicles, signs
argument, but he starts speaking too
h It disturbs our circadian rhythms, which quickly and in too much of a monotone
has an effect on biological activities like in the second part about working life.
hormone production and cell regulation.
4 a Not only did people do more exercise
50 years ago, but they also had
Medicine and biology: The effects more hobbies.
of stress on the body b Not only did my grandparents not have
1 Student’s own answers. a washing machine when they got married,
2 a hypothalamus but they also didn’t have a fridge.
b bone marrow c My town is affected not only by noise
pollution but also by light pollution.
c immune cells
d I’ve not only been sleeping better since
d adrenal glands
I took up running but have also felt more
e adrenaline energetic. (‘since I took up running’ could
f glucose also go at the end of the sentence.)
3 a 4; b 2; c 6; d 5; e 3 e Not only do people not visit each other as
4 a Student’s own answers. much as they did in the past, but they also
don’t speak on the phone as much – they
b Paragraph 1 sounds quite informal.
send texts instead. (Students could also
It gives examples of typical stressful
use not/neither here.)
situations that people may encounter.
This helps draw the reader in to reading 5 Student’s own answers.
the rest of the article, which includes 6 Student’s own answers.
a lot of technical detail. 7 Student’s own answers.

Academic writing: A proposal g incorporated

h assist
1 Example answers:
i implementing
a economics, sociology, psychology,
business, sciences j erecting
k significantly
b Proposals, like reports, communicate
factual information about a particular l excess
topic to a specific audience. However, in m locality
a proposal, there is less information about n subsequently
the current situation than in a report and
o charged with
more space is given to suggestions for
what should happen in the future. p fulfilling its duty
c A proposal uses more formal, impersonal 7 Example answers:
language. a Were the council to hold / Should the
d Depending on the subject, sources council hold the town hall meeting on
might come from a textbook, an article, a Saturday, more people would be able
interviews or surveys, statistics, lab to attend.
experiments, general knowledge of the b Were the use of private cars in the town
topic. (Note that in assessment, the ‘facts’ centre to be banned / Should the use of
for a proposal have to be invented.) private cars in the town centre be banned,
2 a to persuade the local council to take steps the town would attract more tourists.
to reduce noise pollution c Were people to choose to turn off /
b the town council Should people choose to turn off their
electric devices at night, they would
c Student’s own answers.
economise on household expenses.
d Were a survey of approval levels among
3 Student’s own answers. local residents to be conducted / Should
4 Student’s own answers. a survey of approval levels be conducted,
5 Example answers: it is likely that the local Council would
not score very highly.
a This proposal will begin by explaining
the current situation in relation to the e Were the government to fulfil the promises
problem. It will then go on to recommend it made at the last election / Should the
action that should be taken to alleviate government fulfil the promises it made
the problem. at the last election, its popularity would
increase significantly.
b The proposal is based on the results of
a survey of people who live in the area f Were plans to reduce all types of pollution
that was carried out by my school. in our town to be implemented / Should
plans to reduce all types of pollution in
c With the introduction of these changes,
our town be implemented, our quality
there will be an improvement in the
of life would improve.
situation. / If these changes are
implemented, the situation will be 8 Student’s own answers.
improved.
d It is recommended that a campaign is Practise and prepare
organised to encourage people to change 1 a 5; b 3; c 4; d 3; e 6; f 2
to electric cars. 2 Student’s own answers.
6 a conducting
b informed by
c gathered
d disorders
e a major concern
f the major source of

Talk about it: How environmental

Unit 4 sculpture alters our perception
Think about it: Looking at arts of an environment
and crafts 1 Student’s own answers.
1 universally accepted; concrete examples; 2 Student’s own answers.
intrinsic elements 3 a Sure. I’m with you on that.
2 a concrete examples b Yeah. So clever.
b universally accepted c True. But I’d go beyond that.
c intrinsic elements 4 Agreement Agreement + Agreement
3 1 visual arts; 2 cave paintings; 3 textile art;
(to show reinforcement + extension
4 ceramic artists; 5 masterpieces; 6 sculptures
consensus) of the idea of the idea
4 The speaker stresses each element, then pauses
Sure. I’m Yeah. True. But I’d
before saying the next one. This is a form of
with you So clever. go beyond
oral punctuation, which gives the listener time
on that. that.
to comprehend each piece of information.
Her voice tends to go up in the first five to
show agreement and consensus, and then 5 Student’s own answers.
down in the second four, suggesting less 6 Student’s own answers.
agreement or certainty. 7 Student’s own answers.
5 Nine (line, shape, colour, texture, form, tone, 8 Student’s own answers.
space, value, pattern)
6 a false; b true; c true; d false; e not given; Academic writing:
f true An argument essay
Art: Visual literacy as a life skill 2 The model essay follows structure B.
3 There are three compelling arguments for …
The counter-argument is that Elgin did have
a legal right
3 incredibly visual and extremely effective
The second argument for the Parthenon
4 a extremely hot sculptures …
b absolutely/totally perfect Those who rebut their return to Greece …
c increasingly high Third claim for restitution is linked to …
5 a Student’s own answers. Detractors suggest that the Parthenon
b multimodal sculptures …
c Yes. Learners should draw justification The counter-arguments for keeping the
for their answer from lines 28–44. Parthenon sculptures …
d by asking questions to encourage a viewer The claim that the British Museum is best
to explore a painting more deeply and placed …
to think about why it generates certain there is a strong argument to support …
responses
International protocols refute the right …
4 1 claim; 2 Opponents; 3 counter-argument;
4 rebuttal

5 It has been found that restoration activities

carried out by the museum in the 1930s inflicted Unit 5
irreparable damage.
Students should note that the writer wants to
Think about it: The role of AI
foreground the results of restoration activities, in customer service
not the person who investigated them. The 1 and 2
writer uses a reference to give validity to the
statement. Word(s) Definition (CS)/
6 b It has been concluded that the restoration (DC)
activities damaged the surface of agent a person who DC
the marbles. performs a
c It is suggested that Lord Elgin had a legal particular role
right to remove the sculptures. predetermined decided in advance DC
d It is said that countries that ratified the computer the study of CS
international conventions must adhere science computers
to them.
imitate behave like/copy DC
e Over the years, it has been claimed that
databank a collection of CS
the sculptures are the cultural property
information
of Greece.
7 Student’s own answers. automated tasks that are CS
tasks carried out by
computers or
Practise and prepare machines
1 a Martin Blackitt functions processes DC
b SC1927382
triggered prompted by DC
c 183 cm
preprogram to program a CS
d 82 cm computer or device
e Sweet Water Towers in advance
f BE15 9ST 3 Student’s own answers.
g credit 4 Students should note that the speaker has
h 2397 2300 1880 1626 a very positive attitude to AI in customer
i a safe place services. This is supported by his statement
‘It’s my firm belief that while not every piece
of technology is right for every organisation,
3 Student’s own answers. AI will be central to the future of customer
service’.
5 a customer service
b order status
c information
d issues
e possible scenarios
Computer science: How is AI

reshaping the film industry?
1 a outcome
b strategic
c sector
d platform

2 Student’s own answers. 6 Student’s own answers.

3 a The writer develops the third and fourth 7 Student’s own answers.
bullet point: 8 Student’s own answers.
Promote the movie by identifying and
reaching the target audience: lines 19–27 Academic writing: An agree/
Predict the results at the box office: disagree essay
lines 27–29.
b Netflix led the way in using algorithms
in the film industry. 2 Student’s own answers.
c Information that is collected by 3 Student’s own answers.
organisations helps them make decisions 4 a i; b iii; c v; d ii; e vi; f iv
about the future development of their
service or product. Use of English
d Ideas may include: It starts with a capital a However; b Whatever; c Wherever
letter so it is a proper name and could 5 Wherever people go these days there are
therefore be a person. The sentence ‘There cameras watching them.
is still space for the human in many
This could be rephrased as: There are cameras
industries and in the artistic domain
everywhere, watching what people do. This
in particular’ also suggests it could be
changes the emphasis by placing the cameras
a person who does something artistic
in the fronting position instead of the people.
in film-making.
6 a Moreover
4 Rhetorical questions:
b However/Nevertheless
Can an industry in which creativity and the
artistic component play such an important role c Therefore
use artificial intelligence? d Nevertheless/However
So, is AI going to be the next Scorsese? 7 1 rules/instructions; 2 mathematics;
3 machine learning; 4 social media
Students’ own explanations of how effective
the rhetorical questions are. 8 Student’s own answers.
Talk about it: Cybersecurity Practise and prepare

and AI 1 1 G; 2 F; 3 I; 4 A; 5 E
3 Agree: I totally agree
Disagree: I see where you’re coming from,
however…; you may be right, but I still think
that…; I take your point, but…
Unit 6
4 Student’s own answers. Think about it: The secrets
5 Students may identify that Kate is more in of a long and healthy life
favour of using AI, as she says things like
‘pretty amazing’ and ‘thank goodness for 1 nonagenarian; centenarian; physiological
AI’. Ben is more negative, using disagreement benefits; body mass index; corroborate;
strategies such as ‘I can see where you’re put to the test; sedentary lifestyle; detrimental;
coming from, however, is it really a good idea life expectancy; longitudinal study
to have a machine controlling everything. 2 a nonagenarian
What happens if it malfunctions? Sure. b centenarian
You may be right, but I still think that
c physiological benefits
we need to be aware of AI vulnerabilities.’
d body mass index

e corroborate 2 Student’s own answers.

f put to the test 3 Student’s own answers.
g sedentary lifestyle 4 a not given; b true; c true; d false; e not given
h long term 5 Example answers:
i circulation a Students may note the following about
j longitudinal study the context:
3 Example answers: Time: This is not a traditional way of
viewing history, which could infer it is
cholesterol: a type of fat found in the human
a contemporary, modern-day text.
body, e.g. He has a high level of cholesterol.
Place and culture: There is a sense that
whole grains: grains from a plant like rice
it is from the point of view of western
or wheat where no part of the grain has been
culture, e.g. in terminology such as
removed, e.g. We eat whole-grain bread for ‘spice routes’, ‘Old World’, ‘New World’.
breakfast. (Note that author is from the UK –
daily intake: the amount of something that editor of the Economist).
is eaten or drunk on a daily basis, e.g. The b Student’s own answers.
recommended daily intake of sugar for women
c Student’s own answers, but it could
is approximately six teaspoons. be argued that this is still true in the
protein: a substance found in food such as modern world.
meat, fish, eggs and beans, e.g. Protein is good d The author means that what the travelling
for the brain. people did for trade meant that they could
consumption: the act of eating or drinking more accurately plot the locations of
something, e.g. High-protein consumption may places – also they would have discovered
improve long-term health. that Earth wasn’t flat!
enhance: to improve something, e.g. Taking e Student’s own answers.
regular exercise can enhance your health and
wellbeing. Talk about it: Strange things
life expectancy: how long a person is epxected 1 Student’s own answers.
to live, e.g. Eating a balanced diet can improve 2 a Photo D
life expectancy. b The speakers suggest the following ideas:
detrimental: causing harm or damage, • The man has lost his job. He has just
e.g. Eating too much sugar and fatty foods been fired and has gone somewhere
can be detrimental to your health. to get away from everyone and get rid
nap: a short sleep, e.g. I always take a of his frustration.
30-minute nap in the afternoon. • He has finished work for the day and
4 Student’s own answers. wants to practise the drums where he
won’t disturb anyone.
5 The speakers discuss food consumption,
exercise, sleep and family relationships. • He is a member of a band and
always has his drum with him. He
6 a false; b true; c true; d not given; e false; is playing in a concert later. Or he
f true; g not given; h not given; i true went home after work and picked the
7 He is expressing an opinion (he does not drum up, but did not change out of
provide supporting evidence and Karen points his work clothes.
out that there is no long-term research that • He played in a concert the previous
establishes the fact). night, stayed up all night and is on
8 Student’s own answers. his way home.
3 a He must be lying on something.
History and economics: b He’s holding a book up and reading,
An edible history so he can’t be asleep.

c Do you think it might/may/could be The object is not used in these two passive
a lake? phrases because the focus is not on what caused
d It may/might not even be water – it just the damage, but on the effect of the damage.
looks like that in the photo.
e The photo may/might/could have 8 Student’s own answers.
been edited to give the impression that 9 Student’s own answers.
he’s floating.
f There may/might/could be someone under Practise and prepare
the water holding him up. 1 Student’s own answers.
4 a 1; b 2; c 2; d 2; e 1; f 1; g 2; h 1
5
6
Student’s own answers.
Student’s own answers.
Unit 7
7 Student’s own answers. Think about it: The magic of
8 Student’s own answers. microscopic marine organisms
Use of English 1 a phytoplankton
1 might; 2 not; 3 must; 4 can’t; b carbon dioxide (CO2)
5 be or not have; 6 be; 7 have; 8 been c microbiologist
d organism
Academic writing: Summarising
e food web
1 Student’s own answers. f atmosphere
2 Student’s own answers. g pollutant
3 Student’s own answers. h microplastic
4 Student’s own answers. i marine microbiologist
5 Yes, all the main ideas are covered. j ecosystem
6 a The way we make decisions is affected k photosynthesis
by our emotions.
l bloom
b A significant change in brain activity
was observed by the scientist. m biological carbon pump
c An article was published by the research n microorganism
group on the frontal cortex. 2 1 marine microbiologist
d A relationship between emotions and the 2 microorganisms
outcome of many of our daily decisions 3 ecosystems
was noted by Dr Simon. 4 phytoplankton
e Several experiments were carried out over 5 photosynthesis
two years by a team of scientists at the
University of Bristol. 6 carbon dioxide
7 Examples of the passive are: 7 biological carbon pump
8 atmosphere
Scientists used to think that decision-making
is driven by rational thoughts alone, however Use of English
cognitive research now shows that emotions Student’s own answers.
often play a significant role too.
3 The prefix is micro (microorganism,
The sentence wouldn’t make sense if the object microbiologist and microplastic), which
was removed. means small.
Studies have shown that when one of the areas 4 a blue planet
is damaged , people can find it challenging b when they bloom
to make simple choices and when the other
c sea temperature, salinity and nutrients
is compromised , their ability to make moral
judgements is noticeably altered.

d They form the foundation of the ocean Talk about it: The future of
food web.
microchip implants
e They help stop carbon dioxide being
released into the atmosphere. 1 a Student’s own answers.
f microplastics b believe me; you won’t regret it either;
5 a satellite photos show blooms no more…
b Exactly 2 a need to consider
c himself and other scientists b have to acknowledge
c some truth
d No, they don’t know for certain (could be
shows a degree of certainty that still needs d It is critical
to be proved). e little evidence
e Hmmm. That is worrying expresses his f doesn’t hold water
emotional response. g most of us
these tiny ocean plants are having a hugely h No matter
positive impact on life as we know it 3 Persuade:
suggests his opinion.
a we need to consider
They really are tiny wonders! also suggests
b Surely, we have to acknowledge
opinion.
d It is critical
f He was the host. He introduced the
session, coordinated it (asked the guests g I think most of us would agree
questions) and concluded it. Give a counter-argument:
6 Student’s own answers. c …there may be some truth
e There’s little evidence to show
Biology: Tiny creatures f …that just doesn’t hold water
1 Student’s own answers. h No matter how you look at it / there are
2 Student’s own answers. no conclusive findings…
4 a They drink nectar and pollinate other 5 Student’s own answers.
flowers.
b They have unique tails and carry their Academic writing: A report
young in pouches. 1 Student’s own answers.
c changes to their habitats 2 a Background
d The smallest is the seahorse and the b Introduction
biggest is the pygmy possum. c Abstract
e The long tail pygmy possum is in more d Method
danger of dying out. The word critically
e Discussion
carries a higher degree of danger than near.
f Results
f It is not possible to say because there
is a shortage of reliable data. g Conclusion
g The text is written in a semi-formal style. 3 Adverbs of certainty: positively
It includes scientific features like Latin Adverbs of manner: regularly, easily
words, but you don’t need to be a scientist Adverbs of degree: highly, greatly,
to read it because most information considerably, seriously, relatively, significantly
relates to common factors like size, what
the animals eat, where they live and what 4 a considerably/seriously/significantly
they do. Images also support accessibility. (adverb of degree)
5 Student’s own answers. b undoubtedly (adverb of certainty)
c significantly (adverb of degree)

d deliberately (adverb of manner) 6 Student’s own answers, covering all the

e regularly (adverb of manner) information from Exercise 4, plus an abstract
summary. They have not been asked to include
5 Example notes:
a title page or a contents page.
Introduction:
7 Students should notice that the steps match
Average rainfall different – cities/countries the order of the sections except for the
continents/altitude climate abstract, which they write last. The rationale
Aim – compare average rainfall/four cities/ here is that they need to have completed
same continent/1500 m altitude the other sections in order to analyse them
Factors – similarities/differences and decide what they need to include in
the abstract.
Background:
Scientists – worried about rainfall patterns Practise and prepare
Studies – cities with similar geography
1 a false; b not given; c true; d false; e true;
Last 15 years – big increases in rainfall in f true
some cities
Negative effects – flooding/farming/crops/
landslides/damage to houses
Method: Unit 8
Four cities – A B C D
Approx. 1500 m elevation Think about it: Sustainability
Climates – different in the workplace
Rainfall recorded/results published 1 a sustain
2024 – geography departments shared data b sustainable
Results: c sustainability
Horizontal axis – city letter and climate d unsustainable
Vertical axis – annual rainfall average 2 Verbs (blue): minimise; swapping; alert;
City A – tropical wet and dry = 138 mm embark; safeguard
City B – temperate highland =735 mm Nouns (purple): cafeteria; incentives;
skylights; correlation; outcomes
City C – tropical wet and dry = 950 mm
Adjectives (orange): fundamental; viable;
City D – cold desert = 294 mm
fluorescent; wishful
Discussion:
3 a cafeteria
Cities A and C – similar climate/very different
b correlation
rainfall
c fluorescent
City C much more pollution than 15 years
before – significant increase in rainfall/ d swap (swapping)
significant? e incentives
City A – good air/rainfall stayed same over f wishful
15 years g viable
City D – coldest/rainfall stable/low pollution h safeguard
City B – middle range climate /second highest i minimise
rainfall/dramatic rise in pollution/link between j outcomes
climate change and pollution
k embark
Conclusion:
l fundamental
Short summary – main points
m alert
Link between climate change/rainfall and
n skylights
increase pollution
4 Learners should tick all the words they met
Further studies needed – cause and effect
in Exercises 2 and 3.

5 a true; b true; c not given; d false; e true; The business now offsets 110 per cent
f not given of its footprint.’
6 a Students should mention the use of ‘As we c Offsetting means taking actions that
all know’, which suggests a collective or reduce the impact of the business on
widely held view. nature and the planet. Students should
b Students should notice that the speaker refer to the following sections to justify
does not quote any experts and he does their answers:
not say who the individuals are. It is a • Mr & Mrs Smith: Mr & Mrs Smith has
vague statement based on his own ideas. been partnered with the Blue Marine
c Students should notice that the speaker Foundation for more than five years and
uses the words ‘Research has shown’ to has recently also started working with
indicate the information is evidence based. World Land Trust, offsetting as much
of its impact as possible by donating
Business and environmental funds to these organisations. What’s
management: Embracing more, it is committed to scrapping
sustainability plastic in its membership cards.
1 Student’s own answers. • Jude’s: The business now offsets
2 Student’s own answers. 110 per cent of its footprint and the
brand’s plant-based offering has half
3 Business: foundation, funds, partnered,
the carbon footprint of its regular ice
milestone, worth, entrepreneur, mainstream,
market, brand, hospitality, public cream. The plant uses recycled water
transparency, legal accountability, plant through a closed loop system and it
also runs on renewable energy.
Environmental management: sustainability,
offsetting, green issues, plant-based, d Students should refer to these sections
sustainable, carbon negative, footprint, carbon for their answer:
output, decarbonisation, carbon footprint, Mr & Mrs Smith: ‘When a disaster like
renewable energy that strikes, you go through a kind of
4 a Jude’s – it started in 2002. grief,’ Lohan says. ‘You know for certain
b Both believe in their businesses being the business is never going to be the same
sustainable. again. You’ve lost something and you’re
For Mr & Mrs Smith, students could refer not quite sure what you’ve gained yet.’
to: As the business has grown, so too has What Lohan did find was resilience.
the need to support sustainability. Mr & ‘We went into “war room mode”, which was
Mrs Smith has been partnered with the kind of empowering. We gathered the team
Blue Marine Foundation for more than five around us and created a plan.’
years and has recently also started working Jude’s: With the hospitality side of the
with World Land Trust, offsetting as much business suffering during the pandemic,
of its impact as possible by donating funds Wright admits it took courage to commit
to these organisations. What’s more, to these new climate objectives but he’s not
it is committed to scrapping plastic in stopping there. ‘Offsetting isn’t a solution,
its membership cards. we need to reduce our carbon output so
For Jude’s, students could refer to: we have a decarbonisation plan. It’s about
Jude’s is on a mission to become the most having that mindset in everything we do –
sustainable ice-cream brand in the market. reduce, reduce, reduce.’
‘Over the past 18 months the penny 5 Online newspaper article. Students have met
dropped that the climate disaster is bigger or produced the other genres and should be
than we realised,’ says Wright. ‘We decided able to discount them all, leaving them with
we didn’t want to be carbon negative online newspaper article.
by 2025, we wanted to do it today.” 6 Student’s own answers.

Talk about it: Sustainable Academic writing:

education Expository essay
1 a when it comes down to it 1 Student’s own answers.
b all things considered 2 We know it is an expository essay because
c come to think of it there is no clear evidence of argument or
agreeing or disagreeing with a statement.
2 a emphasise a statement or conclusion
b suggest something is true if you think 3 a
In Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia
about it from all angles and parts of South America, however,
solar power is already changing the lives
c draw attention to something important
you have just thought of people who have until now lived without
a steady electricity supply.
3 Example notes:
b ‘I’d put my money on the sun and solar
Student A
energy. What a source of power! I hope we
Main focus: environmentalism.
don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out
Supporting points: environmental before we tackle that.’
responsibility, humans versus the environment,
c paragraph 3
preservation and conservation.
d paragraph 5
Examples: environmental responsibility –
giving people knowledge, skills and attitudes/ e paragraph 2
humans versus the environment – what f paragraph 4
humans need + effects of human needs, 4 Student’s own answers. (The original title was:
e.g. cutting down trees for houses and to plant ‘How an alternate form of energy is being
crops/preservation – protecting ecosystems used successfully in the world today’.)
and conservation – managing natural
5
resources. Adjective + Adjective + Adverb +
Your response to what you’ve heard: Student’s noun + adjective + adjective +
own answers. head noun head noun head noun
Your conclusion: Student’s own answers. national most powerful virtually
Student B electricity countries limitless
grid continuous source
Main focus: living more sustainably
global stable light
Supporting points: being self-sufficent, information
environmentally friendly homes, changing considerable
sources financial
travel habits
savings
Examples: self-sufficient – growing
vegetables, solar panels, using bicycle to greater
power appliances/environmentally friendly financial
houses – grass on roofs, sustainable building security
materials/changing travel habits – walking and low-cost solar
cycling more panels
Your response to what you’ve heard: Student’s low-cost
own answers. solar-powered
Your conclusion: Student’s own answers. lamps
4 Student’s own answers. unreliable
low-intensity
5 Student’s own answers. lamps

6 a adverb + adjective 4 D
b adjective + noun 5 a They were stitched together with grass
c adjective + adjective and parts of animals.
d adjective + noun b linen
e adjective + adjective c a type of loom
7 Student’s own answers. d They used a technique to give it stretch.
e parts of plants, insects and minerals
Practise and prepare 6 Example answers:
1 Student’s own answers. a The speaker has been wanting to meet
2 Student’s own answers. Dr Heathcote for a long time.
3 Student’s own answers. b Although a lot of people think the
different leathers were chosen deliberately,
Dr Heathcote implies that the repairs
Unit 9 could mean the choices were random.
c It is hard to be precise about how many
Think about it: Ancient textiles pieces the dress was made from because
part of it is missing.
and clothing 7 Student’s own answers.
Opening question: The pictures show:
A Figures on a wall relief from ancient Cultural studies: The link between
Mesopotamia. culture and fashion
B Statue of an ancient Roman woman in typical
clothing.
2 a The woman has a red folded scarf on her
C Terracotta Army warrior commissioned by
head, with a pattern around the edge. She
Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China,
is wearing a black jacket with coloured
dating from 210 BCE.
decoration around the arms and some
D Statue of Viking warrior dressed in traditional white decoration too. She is carrying a bag
clothing. that has a pattern on it in green, purple,
1 1 textile; 3 leather; 4 stitched; 5 fibre; 7 linen; pink and orange. There are two pink
8 garment; 10 woven; 12 flax; 13 loom; tassels on the bottom. She has a natural-
14 wool; 15 weaving; 17 dye; 18 fabric; coloured woven basket on her back.
19 dyed; 21 remnant; 23 dyes; 26 indigo b Student’s own answers.
2 Student’s own answers. 3 a 3; b 8; c 7; d 4 e 1; f 5; g 2; h 6
3 4 Student’s own answers.
Textile Manufacture Clothing
textile stitched coat
Talk about it: Fast fashion
silk woven garment
1 Phrases in the audio are a, b, d, f, g.
leather knitted article of
clothing 2 Concede a point: b, c, d, g and h.
fibre loom
skirt Defend a point: a, e and f.
linen weaving
flax dye
4 a Not everyone
wool dyed
b not everything
fabric sew
c Not all
remnant dyes
d not every
cotton spin
spun
indigo

Academic writing: Advantages and disadvantages essay

1 Task C. Students should notice that the writer presents a balanced discussion
with a body paragraph for each point of view and a balanced conclusion.
3 however = emphasise contrast; while = balance contrasting ideas;
whereas = balance contrasting ideas
4 a However/Nevertheless/Nonetheless
b whereas/while
c While/Whereas
d Whereas/While
e On the one hand… On the other hand…
Practise and prepare

1 a 3; b 1; c 2; d not used; e 4; f not used
2 a D; b C; c D; d A
Unit 10
Think about it: Stories from the future
1 (a) Something that
you imagine from
(a) interested or the future
(v) to make a guess
enthusiastic, e.g. about something
an avid reader (a) based on guesses
futuristic
(n) a style of (a) difficult to
literature speculate / explain
avid
speculative
genre uncanny
Vocabulary
preoccupation fictional
randomly teleportation
(n) thinking about (a) not real /
something a lot imaginary
consumerism
(a) to do something (n) an imagined way of being
without any reason able to travel from one
or planning it (n) buying and place to another instantly
selling things

3 genre; speculative; teleportation; fictional
4 a B; b C; c D
5 a She is very impressed by the book, using positive language to describe it.
b She means that the way she thinks is to question everything.
c Fergus believes Anderson was very accurate in predicting things that we have now.
He provides specific examples, such as digital assistants.
d Jay strongly agrees with Fergus’s opinion, using the phrase ‘I’m totally with you’.
e It made him start to think about the future of the planet.

6 Student’s own answers. Academic writing: Critical analysis

1 Students should consider the following:
Literature: Science fiction • The book group liked the title because
they thought it made you think that you
1 Student’s own answers. are going to be taken on an adventure.
2 Student’s own answers. • They thought the word rearranged
3 Student’s own answers. captured the reader’s attention.
4 can’t see the forest for the trees – a • They liked how the author switches
in your face – c Oona backwards in forwards in time and
springboard – b uses it to show how Oona develops her
emotional responses as her knowledge
Students should include their own ideas of herself grows.
about why the writer chose these expressions,
including comments on figurative language • They thought that the book takes the
such as idioms to give deeper meaning reader on Oona’s roller coaster journey
through visual imagery. of emotions.
5 a entertaining escapism, connecting 2 Student’s own answers.
emotionally with the characters 3 Student’s own answers.
and engaging in social discussions like 4 Student’s own answers.
book clubs 5 Student’s own answers.
b Science fiction presents those differences 6 It is generally agreed – no subject available
between our world and imagined worlds
in such a way that you can’t ignore it. It could be argued – instead of using a more
personal statement
c For example: It makes the reader ask
questions around the idea that humans It seems equally possible – instead of using
may become extinct. a more personal statement
d He gives examples of books that questioned It would be hard, if not impossible – instead
technology and unlimited power and novels of using a more personal statement
that reflect on social issues. 7 a it seems equally possible
6 Student’s own answers. b It could be argued
c It is generally agreed
Talk about it: A speculative book d It would be hard, if not impossible
written in 1909 8 Student’s own answers.
1 What are you trying to say? 9 Student’s own answers.
Absolutely. Couldn’t agree more.
That’s an amazing idea. Practise and prepare
You can say that again! 1 Student’s own answers.
Couldn’t have said it better myself. 2 1 law office; 2 publishing house; 3 discipline;
2 B 4 mystery stories; 5 editor; 6 type of fiction;
7 mystery; 8 your imagination
3 You can say that again!
Sure, I think it’s a great…
I really think that…
Couldn’t have said it better myself.
Well, I’m pretty sure that… I mean look at…

e Mr Daniels seems to be a kind person

Literature who is keen to help Ally. He is a good
teacher who makes an extra effort in order
A teen novel to help his students.
1 Student’s own answers. For example: f It applies to Ally in that she might
struggle with reading, but she’s good at
a This could be an aim, and teenagers might
other things (in other parts of the book,
be looking for this kind of help from
we see that she’s good at maths and
fiction that they read, but it also needs
drawing) and should be judged on these,
to be appealing and entertaining, not
not just on her ability to read.
preaching or very obviously out to teach
them a life lesson. 6 Student’s own answers.
b This will obviously depend on specific
novels, but many popular teen novels deal
A historical novel
with serious issues, or have these issues 1 a Student’s own answers.
as the backdrop to the story, for example b Student’s own answers.
Harry Potter being an orphan and treated
c An author may be very interested in a
badly by his adoptive family.
particular period of history and enjoy
c It can be argued that the story is just as doing research on that period; they
important as in adult fiction, if not more may feel that it allows them to be more
so, to maintain the interest of a teen creative, imagining the mindset of
reader and to keep them reading. characters who lived in different times;
2 Students should be able to work out from the perhaps they’re trying to explore the
extracts that Ally has trouble with reading. truth of a particular period of history,
Some of them may know the term ‘dyslexia’. or, alternatively, have fun imagining what
3 Student’s own answers. might have happened.
4 There are many further examples of first- 2 Student’s own answers.
person narration in the extracts (all the 3 Details showing that the story is set in
instances where it uses ‘I’, ‘my’ or ‘me’) former times:
Sense of Ally as a person: she’s proud, not • neighbours scrubbing their steps in the
wanting anyone to realise that she struggles early morning
to read; she’s brave and will stand up for • they knew what happened to families
herself; she has low self-esteem due to her when a man lost his trade
learning difference.
• the description of the activity in the
5 a ‘it’ refers to Ally’s dyslexia. ‘Like the streets of Delft in the early morning
ground underneath my feet’ is quite an in the fourth paragraph in Extract 1
effective image to describe the problem –
• the fact that the father had never left
always there, never going away, difficult
the city of Delft
to move or change.
• Griet getting paid with a few coins and
b We get the impression that Ally’s
handing them over to her mother
classmates are not supportive of her;
they are unkind and call her names. • mallow in oil treatment for Griet’s
chapped hands
c It tells us that she’s a kind and sensitive
person; that she regrets that she might • the food at her parent’s house
have done something that will hurt • the overall style of the writing adds to the
another person’s feelings. historical sense, with Griet’s first-person
d She is afraid people will think that she’s narrative, and the dialogues, sounding
dumb. Also, we don’t know this from the quite formal, e.g. with few contractions,
extracts, but perhaps she’s worried about not as a young girl would speak today
disappointing her family if they find out
that she can’t read.

Effectiveness in painting a picture of social forget the sight’) – we can infer that the
context and atmosphere of the time: experience of this was a major event in
• From the writing in the extracts, we get her otherwise quite uneventful life.
a good sense of the social context and 5 Student’s own answers.
atmosphere of the time: the activity 6 Student’s own answers.
of the people; that life involved hard,
physical work; that people lived in A short story
difficult conditions; that there was a social
hierarchy. 1 a Students may suggest that the story the
writer wants to tell does not need the
How well it conveys Griet’s historical thought
space of a novel, or cannot be sustained
processes:
for the length of a novel – perhaps it
• Possible answer: That Griet takes the revolves around a single event, without
job as a maid, even though she feels it’s subplots to include, and with only a few
beneath her, and that she works hard characters, or even only one.
and gives all the money she earns to her
b Student’s own answers.
family, fits with what would have been the
mindset and beliefs about what was the 2 a Student’s own answers.
right thing to do in that time. b Students may note that it is compact as
• These two extracts don’t provide a full a story, but it is more short story than
picture of Griet’s historical world – we haiku, considering that a traditional
see it more in other parts of the book. haiku is made up of only three lines with
17 syllables. The reader could experience
4 a Griet seems reluctant to leave her family
a flash of insight when reading it, when
(‘had never been so aware that my back
they realise that there’s more to the story
was to my home’), which implies that
than meets the eye. Its purpose could be
she has a good relationship with them.
a revelation to some people.
We see this in Extract 2 as well, when she
is ‘excited about going home’. She has 3 Student’s own answers.
a close relationship with her father, who 4 Student’s own answers.
gives the impression of being a kind man. 5 a Words and phrases evoking images
From Griet’s descriptions of the meal and include: ‘magnificent grounds’ (line 1); ‘A
her family’s house, we can see that they feast had been laid out in the open air’
are poor – also from the fact that they (lines 1–2); ‘feast laid out on the lovely
need the money that she earns as a maid. tables’ (lines 6–7); ‘towards the gardens,
b Extract 1: ‘It would be something to in the sumptuous grounds of that
discuss later – young Griet become a magnificent estate. It had been a dreamy
maid, her father brought the family low’ day of rich sunlight.’ (lines 37–39)
(line 6) b Students may suggest that he does feel
Extract 2: ‘it was hard saying goodbye to some guilt about eating while those
my parents […] because this time I knew behind him did not or could not, but that
what I was going back to.’ he is excusing his behaviour by saying
c Students may suggest that from the that there wasn’t anything that he, and the
language Griet uses to describe the city, other people at the table, could do about
we can infer that she has a painterly eye it, so they just go on with eating.
for colour; through the imagery that c money; services; favours; allegiance
she uses, we may infer that her world is d The narrator is echoing the idea that some
focused around the house and domestic people in wealthy countries have of people
matters (‘the sky a flat grey-white pulled in poor countries not doing enough to
close over Delft like a sheet. The canal help themselves out of their poverty and
I walked along was a mirror of white light provide themselves with enough food.
tinged with green.’). Her one experience
e Student’s own answers.
of seeing Delft from high up, from the
church tower, seems to have made a f Student’s own answers
big impression on her (‘I would never 6 Students’ own answers.

A memoir b We get the impression that she’s not young

(‘decades-old frame’), but that she is self-
1 Students may suggest that a memoir is a aware, energetic, active and has a youthful
chance to put your own point of view about spirit (‘the ten-year-old that dances’)
world/national/local events across; to educate
c Student’s own answers, but examples
people by sharing knowledge gained from
could be: from religion, science,
one’s own experiences; to call people to act
activism, politics.
against something.
2 Students may predict that the text is designed
to educate readers about the importance e Students may suggest that it was idyllic
of the oceans in our ecosystem and as as to have all the fresh food there to hand
a call for people to take action against the on your own farm, but producing it must
destruction of the oceans. have involved a lot of hard work; life
without indoor plumbing would also not
have been so idyllic; without antibiotics,
4 Examples of accumulation: there would have been more illnesses
• beer cans and bottles, no windrows of and deaths.
cigarette butts, no plastic cups, bags, f Student’s own answers.
and bits, or PCB’s, DDT’s, polystyrenes, g Possible answers: that she has a lot of
or other exotic concoctions courage; that she loves nature; that she
• subtle snaps and sizzles of small is fatalistic.
crustaceans to warbles, grunts, pops, h Student’s own answers, but could be
and hundreds of other variations along the lines of: She gets her message
• no throb of engines, no ping of depth across in a gentle way, through beautiful
descriptions of oceans and the life
sounders, no low rumble of mechanical
that lives in them. She’s not lecturing
or electronic subsea thunder
the reader about what they should
• had twenty kinds of apples, Seckel pears, and shouldn’t be doing, but she raises
garden corn, beans, and tomatoes awareness and possibly encourages them
• fresh bread baked at home every day, to act to try to stop the pollution of the
hand-pumped well water, milk from their oceans and the harm it’s causing sea life.
own cows, chestnut trees, and snow and 6 Student’s own answers.
rain that fell wondrously pure
• domestic electrical service, indoor
A poem
plumbing, automobiles, paved highways, 1 Main themes: the division, identity and
aircraft, radio, movies, television, disconnection from one’s cultural heritage
supermarkets, world wars, pesticides, mentioned in the About the author box.
herbicides, antibiotics, nuclear power, space Most effective lines: Student’s own answers.
travel, satellites, electronics, computers, 2 Enjambement:
and thousands of elements of everyday life …gold and black
• a massive black head, 15-foot-long flippers, points curling.
and a grapefruit-sized eye Candy-striped glass bangles
5 a Student’s own answers. For example: snapped, drew blood.
in the sense that, through examining …fashions changed
rocks, soil, fossils, etc., they can give
us information about what happened in Pakistan
millions of years ago on Earth; they My aunts chose an apple-green sari, silver-
can be seen as the ‘ultimate’ – the best, bordered
the most important – as historians who for my teens.
rely on other types of primary sources, I could never be as lovely
e.g. written documents, are not able to go
so far back in history. as those clothes

I longed b This could mean that she wishes she

for denim… weren’t split between cultures, that she
didn’t have the pull from her Pakistani
My costume clung to me
side and could just be English and
and I was aflame, inconspicuous.
to consider the cruelty c The fire imagery gives the sense that the
and the transformation clothes make her feel uncomfortable and
from camel to shade, embarrassed, and also not bold enough
to carry off such exotic clothes.
marvel at the colours
d It could signify that she is interested in,
like stained glass.
and feels drawn to, Pakistani culture,
My aunts requested cardigans which could be seen as a contrast with
from Marks and Spencers. the feelings conveyed in the longing ‘for
My salwar kameez denim and corduroy’ and feeling ‘alien in
didn’t impress the schoolfriend the sitting-room’ in the ‘satin-silken top’.
…asked to see e It could symbolise the difficulty of trying
to hold on to one’s culture heritage
my weekend clothes. when living in a different culture; and
tried to glimpse myself that people in the new culture aren’t
in the miniature necessarily sympathetic towards one’s
glass circles, cultural heritage.
how the three of us f Student’s own answers.
sailed to England. g The irony is that the aunts send the girl
beautiful, exotic, brightly coloured,
I ended up in a cot
traditional clothes, yet they themselves
In my English grandmother’s dining-room want a plain and unglamorous,
I pictured my birthplace stereotypically British item of clothing.
from fifties’ photographs. h Perhaps to convey to the reader how she
…a fractured land felt as a young girl growing up between
two different cultures. Students’ own
throbbing through newsprint.
answers regarding how effective the poem
staring through fretwork is in doing this.
at the Shalimar Gardens. 4 Student’s own answers.
3 a It could be seen as linking with the themes
of division and identity – a metaphor to
show that she felt her Pakistani heritage
was harming her.

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CAMBRIDGE GLOBAL ENGLISH 12: COURSEBOOK ANSWERS

1 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Talk about it: The impact of social media on relationships

Functional language Tick Category (a–e)

4 Student’s own answers.

Academic writing: A discussion essay

unequal Woodrow Wilson

kindness support and encourage

patience health and wellbeing

2 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

2 1 define; 2 compare; 3 evaluate Firstly,

3 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

5 Students’ own discussions. They may note Academic writing: Describing

4 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

6 Verb Passive form/past Gerund Noun

Practise and prepare

5 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

e causal c These direct speech comments help

6 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Academic writing: A proposal g incorporated

7 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Talk about it: How environmental

8 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

5 It has been found that restoration activities

Computer science: How is AI

9 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

2 Student’s own answers. 6 Student’s own answers.

Talk about it: Cybersecurity Practise and prepare

10 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

e corroborate 2 Student’s own answers.

11 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

12 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

13 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

d deliberately (adverb of manner) 6 Student’s own answers, covering all the

14 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

15 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Talk about it: Sustainable Academic writing:

16 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

17 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

Academic writing: Advantages and disadvantages essay

Practise and prepare

2 Student’s own answers.

18 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

6 Student’s own answers. Academic writing: Critical analysis

19 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

e Mr Daniels seems to be a kind person

20 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

21 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

A memoir b We get the impression that she’s not young

22 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

I longed b This could mean that she wishes she

23 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024

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