International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 9 No.

3 March 2021

THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PORTABLE VULCANIZER*

FERDINAND P. HUENDA*
# 332 Soliman Street Brgy. 29
2900 Ilocos Norte
[email protected]
09662345825

Mariano Marcos State University

College of Industrial Technology
Brgy. 7-B P.Gomez St. Nuestra Señora
2900 Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Philippines
[email protected]
(077)600-3019

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Abstract

The portable vulcanizing device is designed with a flatter assembly having

associated structures such as a base assembly, heater assembly that

cooperatively and communicably engage with each other. The Vulcanizer

assembly is operated with 220 volts. If the inner tube is then to vulcanize, a patch is

then placed covering the punctured part and place the inner tube to the heater

plate with paper or foil to protect the tube, using the handle press until the lever

arm is lock by the plate lock, swivel the switch to on position till indicator lights on,

wait until the indicator lights go off, and wait for ten minutes to cool the inner tube,

unlock the lever arm and remove the inner tube. Check the inner tube by inflating

and submerge it in water to check for leak, return the interior to the exterior and

inflate the tire at 30 Psi.

Introduction

Tires are an indispensable part of a vehicle. If the tire is punctured or

deflated one needs to either replace it with a spare tire or have to be vulcanized

shop. There are two types of tires used for vehicles; the tube tire and the tubeless

tire. Tubeless tires are a pneumatic tire that does not require an inner tube

because the casing and wheel rim an airtight seal. They are preferred for utility

vehicles because they need lower maintenance. A tire with inner tube tires

requires an inner tube that is needed to be vulcanized once it is punctured. They

are commonly used for motorcycles and bicycles and heavy-duty vehicles.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the efficiency of the portable vulcanizer in terms

of electricity and quality specifically it aims to:

1. Compare the existing electric portable vulcanizer in its electric

consumption.

2. Prove that portable vulcanizer cooked faster than that existing units.

3. Withstand the pressure of manufactures specification for tire pressure.

Significance of the Study

The innovator/researcher owns bicycles and motorcycles which prompted

him to develop a vulcanizing device for his consumption. He first developed a

vulcanizer made of a tin can but since it is dangerous because the heating

element used was unprotected so instead used a flat iron, shops are using a flat

iron as the heating element but without housing which makes the operator

exposed to danger because of the exposed wire connected to it and they have

to plug and unplug it during operation to control the heat. There is no safety switch

on the unit so there is the possibility that the plug corrodes and the tendency to be

electrocuted is very high.

Some other vulcanizing shops here in Laoag City and other towns still use the

old method of using pistons as the flatter and diesel fuel for heating the patch. If

diesel fuel is burned on open-air black smoke is produce and pollutes the

environment. Other shops use Flat iron wherein heater only is used and uses screw

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type clamp to press the rubber for vulcanizing. This method is very dangerous

because once the open wire connected to the heater is accidentally touched

electrocution may result. The unit has no automatic switch that could result in

overheating furthermore there is a greater chance of electrical malfunction on the

unit which could result in an electrical short circuit during operation. Other shops

use electric vulcanizing which is the screw type. This type is now available in the

market but these are more expensive for the average earner.

Applying the concept of using the same technology with that of the electric

heating element of the flat iron which is efficient and safe for the operator, the

innovator came up with the portable vulcanizing unit that is safe, portable, handy,

and easy to use. The skeleton prototype was fabricated but it did not have an

automatic lock, the Portable Vulcanizing unit, came out very useful.

Materials and Method:

The developed portable vulcanizing unit is a heating device that comprises

seven support structures namely: vulcanizing unit base; semi-auto-open device

mechanism; vulcanizing arm; tensioner spring; locking mechanism; vulcanizing

mica heating element; and heat sensitivity switch that’s combined with swivel

switch for applying and controlling the temperature, during the heating process

and switch off if it reaches the temperature set on the swivel during the

vulcanization operation. The unit could be evaluated through the process of Input-

Process-Output (IPO).

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

•Piston type vulcanizer •Well cooked

•Electric C- Clamp type •Vulcanizing patch rubber and
Vulcanizer Time vulcanized.
•Flat iron without •(durable, elastic,
housing resilience,tensile)
•Developed portable
vulcanizer

Review of Related Literature

There are two types of tire, the tubeless and those requiring inner tubes, the

tubeless tire is designed in such a way that the air pressure is sealed within the rim

of the tire casing. When an inner tube (interior is used, the air is contained within

the tube, while the outer casing (exterior) serves to protect the tube and absorbed

the road shocks. (Felizardo Y. Francisco Automotive Drive Train and Chassis Unit.

To vulcanize means to heat the rubber under pressure. This mold the tire into

desired form (Crouse-Anglin Automotive Mechanics Tenth Edition) the method and

ways of several vulcanizing shops in Ilocos Norte and other towns used Piston as

the platter and serve as the furnace and diesel fuel used for burning and heating

these and these produce black smoke/smog which pollutes the environment and

hazardous to the operator. As the smoke coming out from the engine is poisonous

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like unburned Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of nitrogen

(NOx), Oxides of Sulphur (Sox), and Ozone (O3). (W.J. deKryger, 1986)

The Discovery of Vulcanization

Goodyear thought that rubber might be improved by processing it with

other substances. As Goodyear was displaying a mixture of rubber and Sulphur,

the piece slipped from his hand into the fire. When he looked it out he found to his

amazement that the mass has charred without melting. Goodyear named this

process of combining rubber with Sulphur by heat “vulcanization”. The efficiency

of Portable Electronic Vulcanizer, Eduardo Zeta Ramis.

Methodology

The study was conducted to prove the efficiency of the developed Portable

Vulcanizer. The made caparisoned observation the existing vulcanizing units to the

“Prototype portable Vulcanizing unit as to Heating Time to cook the rubber with

the patch on its base. Base on the output the researcher compared the prototype

portable vulcanizing unit to other existing units such as Piston type, electric C-

Clamp type Vulcanizer, Flat iron without housing as to the time, quality, and the

required inflation of 30 Psi.

The conceptual framework used is the IPO; the Input, Process, and Output.

For its Input, the different types of vulcanizing units existing and used in shops like

the Piston type, the C-Clamp type, the Flat iron-type without housing, and the

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Developed portable vulcanizing unit. These are all observed in the process of

vulcanizing the rubber tube the time in cooking and outputs were all tested to

determine if it passes the standard specification set by the manufacturers.

Scope and Limitation

This study is limited to the vulcanizing unit used in Vulcanizing shops located

here in Laoag City Ilocos Norte, these samples are the piston type which is the old

ones since the 1970s, and the exposed flat iron without safety device and the

screw type which is available in the market.

Definition of terms

Vulcanizer. A heating device is used to cook a patch and pressed it so it can be

united with the rubber to be vulcanized.

Piston-type vulcanizer. A vulcanizer type that used scrap piston used as the flatter

and the heating device by putting diesel fuel on the hollow part.

Electric C-Clamp Type. A vulcanizing device that uses a screw to press the patch

and rubber and uses special heating metal as flatter.

Portable. Handy or easily carried or moved around.

Vulcanize. A process of combining rubber with Sulphur by heat “vulcanization”

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TYPES OF VULCANIZER

Piston type Vulcanizer The Piston type Vulcanizer is the first type of
vulcanizer used in a shop in the early 80ths

Electric C-Clamp Type The Electric C-Clamp type uses electric

power of 220 Volts commercially and used
on shops.

Flat Iron without Housing The flat iron type without housing is an
improvised vulcanizer that uses electric
power of 220 Volts which is used on other
shops.
The developed portable Vulcanizer assembly
is operated with 220 volts with 1 KW. POWER

TABLE 1. The Average Heating Time of the Four Different Types of Vulcanizing Unit

Vulcanizing unit type Average Heating Time Vulcanized tube tire

Piston type(diesel fuel) 507.2 seconds Well-Vulcanized

Electric vulcanizing 458.8 seconds Well-Vulcanized

screw-type .400 kw.

Electric flat iron 88.8 seconds Well-Vulcanized

without housing 1kw.

Developed 36.6 seconds Well-Vulcanized

Vulcanizing unit 1 kw.

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Table 1 shows the observation time in heating the patch base from the

method and ways of all the types used in this study. The piston-type or the old type

form of vulcanizing processed the greatest time to heat the patch and since the

fuel used is diesel and produces black smoke this pollutes the air and contribute to

the thinning of the ozone layer, all three electric vulcanizing uses 220 volts and with

the same wattage but of differences in the time of heating the patch in which the

Portable Vulcanizing unit that is developed possesses the least time in heating.

TABLE 2. Test Results of the Vulcanized Exterior/application

Vulcanizing unit type An inflated vulcanized Passed through

tire with the exterior at 30 manufacturers

Psi. specification

Piston type(diesel fuel) Withstand test pressure Passed

Electric vulcanizing Withstand test pressure Passed

screw type 1 kw.

Electric flat iron Withstand test pressure Passed

without housing 1kw.

Developed Withstand test pressure Passed

Vulcanizing unit 1 kw.

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Base from table 2, it shows that all vulcanizing unit possesses the same output

and that all rubber tire that is vulcanized withstand the 30 PSI pressure set by

manufacturers.

TABLE 3. Electric Consumption of the 3 Types of Vulcanizing Unit

Vulcanizing unit type Average heating time in Electric consumption

an hour and kilowatt

used

Piston type(diesel fuel) 0.14089 hour n/a

Electric vulcanizing 0.12744 hour Php 0.59683

screw type 0.4 kw. (0.400 kilowatt)

Electric flat iron 0.02467 hour Php 0.28884

without housing 1kw. (1.000 kilowatt)

Developed 0.01017 hour Php 0.11907

Vulcanizing unit 1 kw. (1.000 kilowatt)

The table shows the difference in the electric consumption of all three

electric types of vulcanizing units, basing it on the value of kilowatt-hour set at

Ilocos Norte where every kilowatt-hour used is equivalent to Php 11.708125. The

electric Vulcanizing screw-type cooked the rubber for 0.12744 hour consumes Php

0.59683. The other type which is the flat iron without housing which cooked the

rubber for 0.02467 hour consumed Php 0.28884. And the Portable Vulcanizing unit

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that is developed which cooked the rubber for 0.01017 hour consumed Php

0.11907. Based on the results on the electrical efficiency of all-electric vulcanizing

units the developed unit possesses the most efficiency in electric consumption.

Results and Discussion

Results show that the developed portable vulcanizing unit is efficient since it

can perfectly vulcanize inner tube for bicycles and motorcycles like the other

vulcanizing units and passed the test inflation of 30 Psi which manufacturers set.

Shows that it can perfectly vulcanize the inner-tube of motorcycle and bicycle

with the same cooked output and base on the observation time of heating it

provides lesser time in which the three units that used electricity including the utility

model have the same wattage. And all of the samples have the same output

which is a well coked and well-vulcanized rubber tube.

Conclusion and recommendations:

Based on the above results, since the developed vulcanizing unit consumes

lesser time in heating the patch than the other existing vulcanizing units it then

consumes lesser consumption in electricity, and since the unit performs well in

cooking the rubber just like the other existing unit and it inflates with the exterior at

30 Psi, the develop portable vulcanizing unit is said to suitable in a shop and

household. Three have the same wattage hence the project suitable to be used in

shops and useful to the household with several bicycles and motorcycles.

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REFERENCES:

A. Books:

Felizardo Y. F. (2000). Automotive Drive Trains and Chassis Unit. Philippine Copy
Wright

Dekrkryger, Kovacick, Bono(1986). Theory and Service. South Western Pub., Co.
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Knowles, D. (1987). Automechanics: Understanding the New Technology.

Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliff, New Jersey

B. Online periodical:

Ramis Eduardo (April 8, 2015) Efficiency of Portable Electronic Vulcanizer.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276369734_Efficiency_of_Portabl
e_Electronic_Vulcanizer

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