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    ICT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

    Preprint · March 2024


    DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11900.55681

    CITATIONS READS
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    2 authors, including:

    Jacob Muimi Cisa Cism


    National Treasury and Economic PLanning
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    ICT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
    BY: JACOB K.MUIMI, CISA,CISM,PMP
    A.ICTS, PFMR SECRETARIAT,NATIONAL
    TREASURY AND ECONOMIC PLANNING
    Introduction
    Technology has always been a catalyst for change. From the invention of
    the wheel to the advent of the internet, technological innovations have
    transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us.
    Today, we are on the cusp of another technological revolution that
    promises to reshape our society and economy. In this article, we will
    explore some of the most exciting emerging technologies that are shaping
    the future.

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes


    by machines, particularly computer systems. AI has several applications,
    including natural language processing, robotics, image recognition, and
    decision-making. One of the most significant breakthroughs in AI has been
    in the field of deep learning, where machine learning algorithms are used
    to learn from large data sets, enabling them to perform complex tasks such
    as speech recognition, image classification, and natural language
    processing. AI is already being used in a variety of applications, including
    healthcare, finance, and customer service.

    5G Networks

    5G networks are the latest generation of cellular networks, offering faster


    speeds and lower latency than previous generations. These networks are
    expected to support a range of new technologies, including the Internet of
    Things (IoT), augmented reality, and virtual reality. For example, 5G
    networks could enable remote surgery and virtual reality experiences that
    are more immersive and responsive.

    1|Page
    Quantum Computing

    Quantum computing is an emerging technology that uses quantum-


    mechanical phenomena to perform calculations. This technology has the
    potential to solve complex problems that traditional computers are unable
    to handle. For example, quantum computers could be used for drug
    discovery or to optimize complex logistical problems. While quantum
    computing is still in its infancy, it has the potential to transform fields such
    as materials science, cryptography, and machine learning.

    Blockchain

    Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that allows for secure,


    transparent, and tamper-proof transactions. It has applications in finance,
    healthcare, and supply chain management. For example, blockchain
    technology can be used to create secure digital identities, enable secure
    and transparent transactions, and track the provenance of goods and
    services.

    Extended Reality (XR)

    Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term that covers virtual reality (VR),
    augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). These technologies allow
    users to interact with digital content in a more immersive way. For
    example, VR and AR technologies provide immersive experiences that allow
    users to interact with digital content in a more natural and intuitive way.
    VR and AR are being used in a variety of applications, including gaming,
    education, and training.

    Edge Computing

    Edge computing involves processing data closer to the source of the data,
    rather than relying on centralized cloud computing. This technology is
    particularly useful for IoT applications, where low latency and real-time
    processing are essential. For example, edge computing can reduce network
    traffic and improve the speed and efficiency of IoT applications.

    2|Page
    Robotics

    Robotics involves the development of machines that can perform tasks


    autonomously or with minimal human intervention. Robotics is being used
    in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and
    agriculture. For example, robots can be used to automate repetitive tasks
    in manufacturing, assist in surgery, and optimize crop yields in agriculture.

    Autonomous Vehicles

    Autonomous vehicles use a combination of sensors, cameras, and machine


    learning algorithms to navigate and operate without human intervention.
    Autonomous vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation and
    logistics industries. For example, autonomous

    Blockchain

    Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that allows for secure,


    transparent, and tamper-proof transactions. It has applications in finance,
    healthcare, and supply chain management. The technology works by
    creating a digital record (known as a block) for each transaction that is
    verified by a network of computers. These blocks are then linked together
    in a chain, creating an unalterable and transparent record of all
    transactions.

    One of the most well-known applications of blockchain technology is the


    cryptocurrency Bitcoin, which uses blockchain to track all transactions.
    However, the technology has far-reaching implications beyond finance. For
    example, it can be used in supply chain management to track the
    movement of goods from manufacturer to consumer, ensuring transparency
    and accountability throughout the process.

    References:

     "What is Blockchain Technology?" (Investopedia)


     "Blockchain Explained" (IBM)
     "Blockchain and Supply Chain Management" (Harvard Business
    Review)

    Extended Reality (XR)

    3|Page
    XR is an umbrella term that covers virtual reality (VR), augmented reality
    (AR), and mixed reality (MR). These technologies allow users to interact
    with digital content in a more immersive way, blurring the line between
    the real world and the digital world.

    VR technology creates a completely digital environment that users can


    interact with using special headsets and controllers. AR technology
    overlays digital elements onto the real world, allowing users to interact
    with virtual objects and information in a real-world setting. MR technology
    combines elements of VR and AR, allowing users to interact with digital
    content in a real-world environment while maintaining a sense of presence
    in the virtual world.

    XR technology has numerous applications, including gaming, education,


    and training. For example, VR technology can be used to create immersive
    simulations for training purposes, allowing users to practice real-world
    scenarios in a safe and controlled environment.

    References:

     "What is Extended Reality (XR)?" (Techopedia)


     "How Virtual Reality Is Transforming Medical Training" (Harvard
    Business Review)
     "Augmented Reality in Education: Teaching Tool or Passing Fad?"
    (EdTech Magazine)

    Edge Computing

    Edge computing involves processing data closer to the source of the data,
    rather than relying on centralized cloud computing. This technology is
    particularly useful for IoT applications, where low latency and real-time
    processing are essential.

    Traditionally, IoT devices would send data to a centralized cloud server for
    processing and analysis. However, this can result in latency issues and can
    be costly, especially for devices that generate large amounts of data. Edge
    computing solves this problem by processing data locally, at the edge of
    the network, before sending it to the cloud for further analysis.

    4|Page
    Edge computing has numerous applications, including in the healthcare
    industry, where it can be used to process and analyze data from wearable
    health monitoring devices in real-time. It can also be used in
    manufacturing, where it can be used to optimize production processes and
    improve efficiency.

    References:

     "What Is Edge Computing?" (IoT For All)


     "Why Edge Computing Is Critical for the IoT" (Forbes)
     "5 Use Cases for Edge Computing in Healthcare" (HealthTech
    Magazine)

    Internet of Things (IoT)

    IoT refers to the interconnection of everyday devices, enabling them to


    exchange data and information. IoT has numerous applications in
    healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and smart homes.

    The technology works by connecting devices to the internet and allowing


    them to communicate with each other. This can include anything from
    smart thermostats and home security systems to wearable health
    monitoring devices and industrial sensors.

    In healthcare, IoT can be used to monitor patients remotely, providing real-


    time health data to healthcare professionals. In manufacturing, IoT can be
    used to optimize production processes and reduce downtime. In
    transportation, IoT can be used to improve safety and reduce traffic
    congestion

    The article discusses several emerging technologies that are expected to


    have a significant impact on various industries and sectors. These
    technologies include artificial intelligence, 5G networks, quantum
    computing, blockchain, extended reality, edge computing, the Internet of
    Things, robotics, autonomous vehicles, cognitive computing,
    nanotechnology, big data analytics, digital twins, biometrics, natural
    language processing, cybersecurity, 3D printing, and biomechanics.

    5|Page
    In conclusion, the adoption and integration of these emerging technologies
    have the potential to transform industries and sectors, making them more
    efficient, productive, and secure. However, organizations must carefully
    evaluate the risks and benefits associated with these technologies before
    implementing them to ensure they align with their goals and values.

    Organizations should also consider investing in the necessary


    infrastructure, talent, and resources required to support these emerging
    technologies. Additionally, organizations should prioritize ethical
    considerations, such as data privacy and security, as these technologies
    have the potential to collect and process sensitive information.

    Overall, organizations that successfully adopt and integrate these emerging


    technologies can gain a competitive advantage, drive innovation, and
    enhance their overall performance. However, it is important to approach
    these technologies with caution and careful consideration to ensure they
    align with the organization's goals and values while prioritizing ethical
    considerations.

    6|Page

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