School BAUTISTA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Grade Level 12

DETAILED Learning Practical

LESSON Teacher MILES B. ALAGON
Area Research 2
PLAN (DLP)
Teaching
October 23-24, 2024 Quarter 2nd
Date

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards The learner demonstrates understanding of:
1. The formulation of conceptual framework

B. Performance Standards The learner is able to:

1. Formulate clearly conceptual framework
2. Present and conceptual framework
C. Learning Competency The learner:
1. illustrates and explain conceptual framework (CS_RS12-If-j-6)
2. Present and conceptual framework (CS_RS12-If-j-9)

II. CONTENT Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide
Practical Research 2 Teacher’s Guide page
Pages
2. Learner’s Material
Quarter 1 Module 3 pages 1-15
Pages
3. Textbook pages Quarter 1 Module 3 pages 1-15

4. Additional Materials n/a

from Learning
Resources
B. Instructional Materials Laptop, TV, Powerpoint Presentation, Blackboard

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY
PRELIMINARIES

A. Daily Routine
1. Prayer
2. Checking of Attendance

ELICIT
ACTIVITY 1: DEFINE ME

The teacher will play a music and when the music stops, the person who is holding the paper will
answer the given question by true or false

1. Using your own words how are you going to define related literature and studies?
2. How to properly cite related literature and studies?

Before we start our lesson, let us first have a short review about our previous lesson.
What are the ethical standards use in writing related literature and studies?

Very good.

Now, what are the things to avoid in writing related literature and studies?

That’s right.
What are the things to be consider in writing related literature and studies?

Excellent!

ENGAGE
ACTIVITY 2: Charades
The student will be divided into two groups. Each group will be given 3 minutes to guess the
given word written in the paper.
The fastest group that will get the correct answer will be the winners.

Given Words:
1. Concept
2. Framework
3. Input
4. Output
5. Process

EXPLORE

As you begin writing your research project, you must consider the framework that is suitable for your
study. What is a research framework? A research framework illustrates the structure or blueprint of
the research plan and helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions. The framework
consists of the key concepts and assumes relationships of the research project. It is normally used
as a guide for researchers so that they are more focused on the scope of their studies. It can be
presented using visual (diagrams, chart, etc.) and narrative (paragraph stating the concepts and
relationships of the study) forms.

EXPLAIN
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The types of research frameworks are classified as the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. A
theoretical framework is commonly used for studies that anchor on time tested theories that relate
the findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge. At the same time,
a conceptual framework refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative theories that specifically
support the study. It is primarily a conception or model of what is out there that the researcher plans
to study.

Similarities of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The following are the similar characteristics of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework:
1. Provide an overall view of the research study;
2. Anchor a theory that supports the study;
3. Guide in developing relevant research questions/objectives;
4. Help justify assumptions/hypothesis;
5. Aid in choosing appropriate methodology;
6. Help in gathering and interpreting data and
7. Guide in identifying possible threats to validity.

A Summary of the Differences of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Theoretical framework Conceptual framework

Content of Discussion Focus on specific theory used Focus on concepts related to
already in the field. your study.
Range Broader in sense and
Narrower/focused.
applicable in different studies.Directly related to a specific
study.
Theories Presented Presents one or more theory at May synthesize one or more
a time and specifically related theories or concept related to
to the current study. current study.
Time Frame Usually, theory is established A working concept during the
before the study. time of study.

Guidelines and strategies in choosing and developing a Research Framework

In deciding on what research framework, you are going to use in your study, you have to take into
consideration the following vital information about the theoretical and conceptual framework.

Theoretical framework Conceptual framework

• Revisit the information given by your • Refer to your research questions or objectives
related literature and identify if there are to identify the essential themes in your study.
potential theories or knowledge that may be Look for additional theories that involve the
use or anchored to the possible outcome of same principle and see how they relate to one
your study. another. Make a concept map of your
conceptual framework, utilizing the existing
• With the use of these information, you can theories as a reference. If there are topics
now create a plan or blueprint for your which are not included in the theories you have
research study. chosen and you know that it is essential to your
study, you can include it.
• You also need to comprehend and
consider the variables that will be • You have to make a written explanation on the
significant in your study and their concepts that are being incorporated and their
relationship with another. impact to one another after you have made the
first draft of your conceptual framework.
Moreover, you have to revisit your research
questions and conceptual framework if they are
aligned.

• It is important to remember that developing a

conceptual framework is a process. This means
that as you study more material and research
more theories, it may still be refined or updated.
The research hypothesis may be stated at the
end of the conceptual framework in some
situations.

Concept Map
A concept map is a visual representation of information that helps show the relationship between
ideas. Concept maps begin with the main topic and then branch out into sub-topics, reflecting the
connection of all the elements in the study. It can also provide and organize new ideas.

It is composed of different figures such as lines, circles, boxes, and other marks or symbols which
represent the elements of your research. It can take the form of charts, graphic organizers, tables,
flowcharts, Venn Diagrams, timelines, or T-charts. Concept map arranges related ideas in a
hierarchy. You start broad, and the sub-topics will get more and more specific. It also helps you in
formulating a specific topic from the general or the main idea with significant connections of
information. In other words, understanding the big picture makes the details more significant and
easier to comprehend.

Concept maps are very useful for researchers and readers who understand better visually. With the
proper connection of lines and linking arrows to shapes and other symbols representing your
concepts about the research, the readers can visualize a comprehensive picture of your study.

However, in the concept map, you are not yet actually researching your study. It is developing or
creating your plan or blueprint so that you will be guided on the flow and direction of your research
study. And that includes your research questions, variables, and methodology. It means that you are
just gathering and soliciting ideas on what you could learn about your chosen topic.

Before creating your conceptual framework, you have to understand first the different variables of
your study. Although these were already discussed in the previous module for the purpose of
utilizing it in your framework, an in-depth concept is a need.

The independent variable is the “presumed cause” of the research problem. It is the reason for any
“change” or difference in a dependent variable. It can be purposely manipulated by the researcher,
depending on the focus of the study. It maybe can cause, influence, or affect the result or outcome
of the study. It is also called as the experimental, treatment, antecedent, or predictor variable.
Moreover, it refers to the variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables you are trying
to measure.
The dependent variable is the “presumed effect” of the research problem. It is usually the problem
itself or the element that is being questioned. This variable is altered as a result of experimental
manipulation of the independent variable or variables. It is also called as the criterion, effect,
response, or outcome variable which captures the interest of the researcher and requires analysis,
interpretation, and implication of the findings of the study. The variable that depends on other factors
that are measured and are affected or influenced by the independent variable.

The moderating variable is an independent variable which influences the direction and the strength
of the connection between independent and dependent variables. The independent variable
interacts with the moderator variable, which makes the relationship of the independent and
dependent variable stronger or weaker. It alters the effect that an independent variable has on a
dependent variable base on its value. The moderator thus influences the effective component of the
cause-effect relationship between the two variables. This is also called as the interaction effect.

Mediating variable or Intervening variable is an element that exists between the independent to
the dependent variable. A mediator (or mediating) variable is an integral part of the cause-effect
relationship and helps us to understand the effects of the independent variable on the dependent
variable. It is a variable that describes the effect and influence of the relationship between the
variables and what is controlling that relationship. This is also called as correlated or mediator
variables

The control variable is a special type of independent variable that can influence the dependent
variable. It takes an active role in quantitative studies. Statistical procedures are used to control this
variable. It is useful to integrate the control variables into your research study, but it is not the main
focus. It has somehow an effect on the dependent variable and an extension of the independent
variable. However, if you omit the control variable from your study, the findings would be less
accurate. It is mostly relevant if your study is about to prove a cause-effect relationship by
undertaking statistical analysis.

The Input-Process-Output Model

The Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) is a conceptual paradigm which indicates the inputs,
required process, and the output. This approach is seated on the premise of acquiring essential
information by converting inputs into outputs through the required processing steps in obtaining the
result. The IPO Model is also referred to as a functional model that is usually used in action research
where an intervention or solution is necessary to solve the identified problem.
The Input is usually the independent variable of the study. Meanwhile, the Process is the
intervention or solution consist of the instruments and analyses used to acquire the result. Lastly,
the Output is the findings or outcome of the interventions being made to solve the identified problem.

Common Example of Conceptual Framework

A. Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV)

This conceptual framework shows the independent and dependent variables of the study. It is
presumed that the greater number of hours a student prepares for the exam, the higher would be
the expected academic performance.

B. The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)

This conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output approach of the study. The input is
the independent variable, which includes the socio-demographic and food safety profile of the
respondents. The process includes the tools and analyses in gathering the data, while the output is
the outcome based on the results of the study.
ELLABORATE
Let’s summarize what we have discussed.

How are you going to define framework?

Perfect!

What is the difference between conceptual and theoretical framework?

Precisely.

What are the two models use in presenting conceptual framework?

Very well said.

EVALUATE

Directions: Base on the knowledge and understanding that you have gained from the previous
examples and activities, you have now captured the idea on how to make a conceptual
framework from the research title. With this, you are now given the framework, and you need to
formulate the research title according to the elements and factors that are present in the
variables. Write your answers in the box provided below.
EXTEND

Assignment
Write your answer on a one whole sheet of paper.

Build a Framework. Create an initial research framework for your research study. Consider the
relationship between the concepts and variables in your research. Then, draw a concept map
representing this relationship visually. Use the space below for your answer, or you may use a
separate paper if the space provided is not enough.

Prepared by: Approved by:

MILES B. ALAGON RUSLY C. MANINDING

Subject Teacher OIC, Office of the Assistant Principal

Noted by:

JULIUS J. QUINTO, EdD

Principal IV