Xi-Ch 15 Health and Wellness

CHAPTER 15: HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Q.1. Name a few public health problems which need immediate attention at all
stages of life.
Ans. Few public health problems which need immediate attention at all stages of life
are diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis and infectious/ communicable diseases such
as hepatitis ,tuberculosis, AIDS etc.
Q.2. Why is the number of persons having non communicable diseases like diabetes,
heart disease or cancer increasing worldwide?
Ans. Unhealthy diets having energy dense foods (high in sugar, fat) and salt, when
eaten in higher amounts than what the body requires, coupled with reduced activity
levels increase the risk of non- communicable diseases.
Q.3. 'Health problems are increasing at an alarming rate'. What will be the
consequences of the same, in future, at individual and national level?
Ans. When the diseases increase at an alarming rate, there will be tremendous
pressure in terms of-
a. Providing healthcare to such persons.
b. The economic cost to the person and his family , as well as to the government
since it has to provide healthcare facilities to such people.
c. Negative impact on the quality of life of such persons.
d. Promoting and maintaining the health of such people.
Q.4. Describe a healthy person.

Ans. Healthy person is one who is physically fit and active , cheerful in his outlook ,
has adequate immunity against infection and is not easily fatigued.
Q.5. Define BMI. Explain with the help of an example how to calculate BMI of an
individual.
Ans. BMI(Body Mass Index) is used to classify underweight, overweight and obese
in adults. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height
in metres(kg/m2 ).
e.g. an adult who weighs 70 kg and whose height is 1.75 metre will have a BMI of
22.9.
BMI = 70(kg)/1.75(m2) =22.9
Cut off points for checking whether individuals are underweight, overweight,
obese or normal-
BMI below 18.5 is underweight.
BMI from 18.5 to 24.99 is normal.
BMI greater than or equal to 25 is overweight.
BMI from 25 to 29.99 is pre obese.
BMI above 30 is obese.
BMI values are age- independent and are same for both the sexes but there might be
slight differences in different populations due to genetic, ethnic and racial factors.
Q.6. List few do's and don'ts for health promoting diets.
Ans. Learn from table given on pg 310.
Q.7. Discuss the benefits of exercise in adulthood.

Ans. A. Exercise and illness:
1. Exercise reduces the risk of acute and chronic illnesses like diabetes and
hypertension etc. by improving body composition, affecting metabolism and
cardio- respiratory fitness.
2. It helps to prevent difficult- to- treat problems among older adults such as
depression, insomnia, anorexia, constipation etc.
3. Lower body exercises help to establish balance in older adults.
4. Helps persons who are overweight to lose weight and to maintain desirable
body weight.
5. It helps to maintain bone mineral density and reduces the risk of fractures and
disability especially among the elderly.
6. Helps to postpone disability by as much as 15 years.
B. Exercise , mental health and wellbeing:
Many people have found that exercising helps to boost confidence as well as
reduce anxiety and stress which contribute to psychological health and well-
being. During and after exercise, the brain releases substances called
pain killers and also increase feelings of happiness and wellbeing. Yoga and
meditation have been traditionally used to achieve mental health and well-
being. Yoga also has health benefits for conditions such as diabetes and high
blood pressure.
Q.8. Give the classification of exercises. Also mention the benefits of these
exercises.
Ans. Exercises can be grouped into three broad categories-
1. Endurance building/ aerobic exercise
2. Strength building /resistance exercise
3. Promoting balance /flexibility exercise
Learn benefits from box given on page 311-312
Q.9. When is the World Day for Physical Activity celebrated?

Ans. World Day for Physical Activity is celebrated on April 6th every year.
Q.10. What is wellness? Write in brief.

Ans. Wellness is a state of optimal well-being. It means achieving balance and
harmony in all aspects of our lives. It is achieved through the integration of
physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual and environmental health. It
focuses on human strength as resources for health, rather than dwelling on
problems, needs or weaknesses.
Q.11. How does the wellness approach help an individual?

Ans. The wellness approach requires that a person should take responsibility for the
quality of one's own life. One needs to make a conscious decision to have a
healthy lifestyle that will lead to high levels of well-being and life satisfaction.
Thus, wellness improves quality of life by reducing risk of disease, disability,
discomfort and distress throughout the lifecycle.
Note- Read box on page 313.
Q.12.List few qualities that a person rated high on the wellness profile should have.
Ans. A person rated high on the wellness profile should have the following
qualities-
1. High self-esteem, a positive outlook and a sense of purpose
2. A strong sense of personal responsibility and commitment
3. A good sense of humour
4. A physically fit and an integrated healthy lifestyle with absence of addictive
behaviours
5. An ability to continue to learn and to cope with life's challenges
6. An ability for effective communication.
7. A capacity to love and an ability to nurture
8. Respect for the environment and concern for others
Q.13. Write in brief about the dimensions of wellness.

Ans. Dimensions of wellness are-
1. Social aspect- this emphasizes the interdependence with others, making
friends and having meaningful, happy and satisfying relationships with others.
The basic idea is that it is better to live in harmony with others and our
environment than to live in conflict with them.
2. Physical aspect- making healthy lifestyle choices like adequate physical
activity ,well
balanced diet and good fitness regime that keeps one healthy for the present
and future is crucial.
3. Intellectual aspect- an active mind is crucial for overall wellness. Being open
to new ideas, thinking critically, being creative and curious and trying to
master new skills are the keys to intellectual wellness. Intellectual wellness
leads to improved job performance , better problem solving and a better
chance at being successful in life.
4. Occupational aspect- this is concerned with the satisfaction gained from one's
work and how much one feels enriched by the work. Having personal
satisfaction and enrichment in one's life through work is required to have a
sense of comfort and satisfaction in life.
5. Emotional aspect- it includes the extent to which one is positive and
enthusiastic about oneself and life, how one handles and expresses one's
emotions (both positive and negative) and how one copes with stress.
Emotional wellbeing allows one to understand , experience and express a full
range of emotions.
6. Spiritual aspect- Spirituality generally relates to better mental health, greater
well-being and higher quality of life. It involves one's continuous effort in
seeking meaning and purpose of life and living in human existence.
7. Environmental aspect- this deals with the interaction and interdependence
between humans and the environment. One needs to understand the role the
environment plays in our individual well-being and how all human activities
affect the environment.
8. Financial aspect- this focuses on informed decision making and learning how
to manage financial resources wisely, as also to save, invest and plan for the
future. In a society that functions largely on monetary transactions( monetized
society) , adequate financial resources are required to achieve health and well
being.
Q.14. Define the terms 'eustress' and 'distress'.

Ans. Eustress- some stress can motivate and energize one to perform better and be
more efficient. When stress has this kind of a positive effect , it is termed
eustress.
Distress- when stress adversely affects performance, physical and mental
health, it is known as distress.
Q. 15. List few techniques to cope with stress.

Ans. Few techniques to cope with stress are-
1. Talking with friends /family
2. Relaxation
3. Reading
4. Yoga
5. Taking up hobbies
6. Spirituality related activities

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CHAPTER 15: HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Q.4. Describe a healthy person.

Q.7. Discuss the benefits of exercise in adulthood.

Q.9. When is the World Day for Physical Activity celebrated?

Q.10. What is wellness? Write in brief.

Q.11. How does the wellness approach help an individual?

Q.13. Write in brief about the dimensions of wellness.

Q.14. Define the terms 'eustress' and 'distress'.

Q. 15. List few techniques to cope with stress.

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