COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES AND MULTIMEDIA ARTS

CCS0006L
(COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 1)

EXERCISE

5
CONDITIONAL CONTROL STRUCTURES

Student Name / Group Demerin, Rowell E.

Name:
Name Role
Members (if Group):

BSIT CST TC02

Section:

Professor:
Alexander Hernandez
I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
 Analyze a complex problem and identify and define the computing requirements appropriate to its solution.
[PO: B]
 Design, implement and evaluate computer-based systems or applications to meet desired needs and
requirements. [PO: C]

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

 Select and apply appropriate program constructs in developing computer programs. [CLO: 2]
 Develop, test and debug computer programs based on a given specification using the fundamental
programming components. [CLO: 3]

III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:
 Know the importance of each type of conditional control structures and how to implement it in a
C++ program.
 Write C++ programs that use different conditional control structures to solve problems.

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Conditional control statements are at the very core of programming, in almost any language. The idea
behind conditional control is that it allows you to control the flow of the code that is executed based on
different conditions in the program, input taken from the user, the internal state of the machine the
program is running on, etc.

Conditional statements specify whether another statement or block of statements should be executed
or not. These are often called "selection constructs". A conditional expression is an expression that
produces a true or false result. There are three major structures related to the conditional execution of
code in C/C++ - the if statement, the if-else statement, and the switch-case statement.

A. if-statement

Syntax:
if(condition_expression)
statement;

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 Where condition is the expression that is being evaluated. If this condition is true, statement is
executed. If it is false, statement is ignored (not executed) and the program continues right after this
conditional structure.

Example:

if (x == 0)
System.out.println(“The no. is zero.”);

B. if-else statement

Syntax:

if(Condition_Expression)
Statement_TRUE;
else
Statement_FALSE;

If the if statement evaluates to true, then all the statements inside the if block are executed and the
else if will be ignored. When the if statement is false, it will then check the condition in the else if
statement.

Example No. 1

if (x >= 0)
System.out.println(“The no. is a whole number.”);
else
System.out.println(“The no. is a negative number.”);

Example No. 2

if (x %2 == 0)
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(“It is EVEN.”);
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(“It is ODD.”);

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 C. if-ladder statement

Syntax:

if(Condition_Expression1)
Statement1;
else if(Condition_Expression2)
Statement2;
else if(Condition_Expression3)
Statement3;
else
Statement-n;

Reminders:
 condition_expression contains the test expression. If the test expression evaluates to true (ie. non-
zero), StatementBlock is executed, otherwise the ElseStatementBlock is executed.
 If there is more than one statement to be executed within the ThenStatementBlock or
ElseStatementBlock branch, the blocks must be enclosed with {}'s.
 It is not necessary to have an else statement within each if() conditional.
 Multiple expressions can be evaluated by using conjunctions (e.g. &&, ||).
 Indent your programs to increase readability.
 Do not confuse the uses of assignment (=) and equality (==) operators, especially within the test
condition. They can have adverse effects on your program.

D. switch statement

The syntax of the switch statement is:

switch(expression) {
case constant_value_1: statement1;
break;
case constant_value_2: statement2;
break;
case constant_value_3: statement3;
break;
case constant_value_n: statement_n;

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 break;
default: statement_default;
}

When defining an expression whose result would lead to a specific program execution, the switch
statement considers that result and executes a statement based on the possible outcome of that
expression, this possible outcome is called a case.
The different outcomes are listed in the body of the switch statement and each case has its own
execution, if necessary. The body of a switch statement is delimited from an opening to a closing curly
brackets: “{“ to “}”.

V. LABORATORY ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 5.1: Whatta Grade!!!

Get three exam grades from the user and compute the average of the grades. Output the average of the
three exams. Together with the average, also include a smiley face in the output if the average is greater
than or equal to 70, otherwise output :-(. Note: Use if-statement in the program.

Program: (save as [surname_5_1.cpp])

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Output:(screenshot of the output)

ACTIVITY 5.2: What is your horoscope?

Write a C++ program that will read in month and day (as numerical value). The program will return the
equivalent zodiac sign.

Sample output:
Enter month: 6
Enter day: 25
Zodiac sign for June 25 is Cancer

Activity 5.2a What is your horoscope? (Using if-statement)

CCS0003L-Computer Programming 1 Page 6 of 15

Program: (save as [surname_5_2a.cpp])

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Output:(screenshot of the output)

Activity 5.2b What is your horoscope? (Using switch statement)

Program: (save as [surname_5_2b.cpp])

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Output:(screenshot of the output)

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 ACTIVITY 5.3: Monthly Sales

Using if-ladder statements, compute for the income given the monthly sales. Refer to the table below for
the range.

Program: (save as [surname_5_3.cpp])

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Output:(screenshot of the output)

ACTIVITY 5.4: Volume of Figures

Using switch statement, write a program that will ask the user which figure he/she wants to solve. The user
should accept lowercase or uppercase as input to the option chosen by the user.

Sample Output:

Volume of Figures
[C] – Cube
[R] – Rectangular Prism
[S] – Sphere

Choose figure: C

You have chosen Cube.

Enter side: 3
The volume of the cube is: 27

Program: (save as [surname_5_4.cpp])

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CCS0003L-Computer Programming 1 Page 12 of 15
Output:(screenshot of the output)

VI. QUESTION AND ANSWER

Directions: Briefly answer the questions below.

 For you, which is preferably the most convenient control structure to be used in comparisons, IF-
ELSE or SWITCH?

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 The most convenient control structure to be used in comparison between the two is SWITCH
statements are generally more useful for dealing with many discrete values of a single variable
because they give a clearer and more structured structure. And, while if-else statements can be
burdensome when working with a large number of circumstances, they provide greater flexibility for
sophisticated logical expressions.

The choice between switch and if-else depends on the specific scenario. Use switch for
straightforward, discrete value comparisons, and if-else for more complex conditional logic. But
personally, switch is a better option to use, because if statements check all the conditions and then
execute the required condition. this takes more time to compile and hence increases the run time which
is a limitation.

 What do you think is the importance of having different if structures such as if statement, if-else
statement and nested-if statement?

Different IF structures are necessary to give flexibility and clarity in decision-making inside code, with
each serving a distinct purpose. The most basic form is the IF statement, which is useful for examining
a single condition and making unambiguous decisions. The IF-ELSE statement is important when there
are two mutually incompatible options because it explicitly describes an other path if the initial condition
is not met, enhancing the program's logical flow.

Then Nested-IF statement is very useful for managing many levels of conditions, allowing for more
sophisticated decision-making procedures. This structure allows programmers to examine additional
conditions depending on the outcomes of prior evaluations, making it essential for managing complex
logic that necessitates extensive condition checking.

VII. REFERENCES
 Abraham (2015). Coding for dummies. John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ
 Zak, D (2015). An Introduction to Programming with C++. 8th Edition
 Cadenhead, R et. Al. (2016). C++ in 24 Hours, Sams Teach Yourself (6th Edition).Sams Publishing
 McGrath, M. (2017). C++ programming in easy steps (5th ed.). Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Easy
Steps Limited
 Tale, T. (2016). C++: The Ultimate Beginners Guide to C++ Programing. CreateSpace Independent
Publishing Platform
 http://cs.uno.edu/~jaime/Courses/2025/devCpp2025Instructions.html

RUBRIC:

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Score

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 A completed
A completed solution is An incomplete
A completed
solution is implemented solution is
solution runs
tested and runs on the required implemented
without errors.
but does not platform, and on the required
It meets all the
meet all the uses the platform. It
specifications
specifications compiler does not
and works for
nd/or work for specified. It compile and/or
all test data.
all test data. runs, but has run.
Solution(x5) logical errors.

The program Not all of the

Few of the
The program design selected
selected
design uses generally uses structures are
structures are
appropriate appropriate appropriate.
appropriate.
structures. The structures. Some of the
Program
overall program Program program
elements are
design is elements elements are
not well
appropriate. exhibit good appropriately
Program designed.
design. designed.
Design(x3)

All required There are few

All required
parts of the parts of the Most of the
parts in the
document are document are parts of the
document are
complete and missing but the document are
present and
correct(code, rest are missing and
correct but not
output of complete and incorrect.
Completeness complete.
screenshots) correct.
of
Document(x2)
Total

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