High Tech Seals O-Ring Design Guide
High Tech Seals O-Ring Design Guide
High Tech Seals O-Ring Design Guide
Our Vision
Provide superior value to our customers.
Our Mission
Supply quality products delivered on time, at a
competitive cost, backed by a knowledgeable
team of sealing professionals, so our customers
may grow and prosper.
2 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Table of Contents
Introduction 4
O-Rings 5
ISO 3601 O-Ring Standards 6
Machining Specifications 8
O-Ring Cross-Section 8
Reduction in Cross-Section 10
Extrusion Gap 12
Groove Details 15
Hardware Conditions 15
O-Ring Tolerances 16
HITECHSEALS.COM 3
Introduction O-Ring Design Guide
4 4HITECHSEALS.COM
HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide O-Rings
O-rings are the most widely used seal in history due to their
simplicity, low cost, ease of installation, and small space require-
ments. The seals versatility enables them to be used in thousands
of applications across a multitude of industries and markets.
O-rings are designed for both static and dynamic applications
and can be used as a double acting seal.
As the name suggests, the O-ring has a circular profile. They are
also available in a square cut and quad profile. Square cut rings
have the same ID as an O-ring but have different cross sections.
Quad rings have the same diameters and cross sections as an
O-ring, only their profile shape differs.
Our imperial O-rings are available in standard AS-568 and ISO O-ring Square Cut Ring Quad Ring
3601 sizes. Metric O-rings are available in standard DIN 3771,
BS4518, ISO 3601, European sizes, and JIS sizes.
HITECHSEALS.COM5
HITECHSEALS.COM 5
ISO 3601 O-Ring Standards O-Ring Design Guide
At Hi-Tech Seals, we are fully compliant with ISO 3601-1 dimen- ISO 3601-3 Quality Acceptance Criteria
sion and tolerance standards for all Class A standard series O-
ISO 3601-3 defines and classifies O-ring surface imperfections
rings and Class B non-standard series O-rings. Our quality ac-
into one of three grades N, S, and CS.
ceptance criteria for all O-rings is in accordance with ISO 3601-3
Grade N. This classifies surface imperfections of O-rings and • Grade N (general purpose) - Identifies the acceptance
specifies maximum acceptable limits for these imperfections. criteria for O-rings that are intended for general use
applications
ISO3601-1 Dimensional Tolerances • Grade S (special) - Identifies the acceptance criteria for
O-rings intended for applications that require a higher level
ISO 3601-1 defines two classifications of O-rings, Class A and
of quality and or precision with respect to dimensional
Class B. Class A have equivalent tolerances to those identified in
tolerances of surface imperfections
AS568 and have tighter tolerances than Class B. They are suit-
• Grade CS (critical service) - Identifies critical applications
able for industrial and aerospace applications or when the hous-
where a much higher level of quality and precision is
ing requires tighter tolerances. Class B O-rings are suitable for
required and the O-ring's surface must be near perfect to
general purpose applications and have slightly wider tolerances
perform in a satisfactory manner. For example, critical
than Class A O-rings.
service aerospace or medial applications
6 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide O-Rings
HITECHSEALS.COM 7
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
O-Ring Cross-Section
The I.D. and O.D. of an O-ring gland is primarily influenced by the diameter of the mating surface of the rod or piston and bore. Al-
though the cross-section of the O-ring may seem arbitrary, there are some distinct advantages to either a larger or smaller cross-section
O-ring.
8 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
Gland Ø Gland Ø
I.D. = Inner Diameter
O.D. = Outer Diameter
HITECHSEALS.COM 9
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
Reduction in Cross-Section
If the I.D. of the O-ring is stretched, the cross-section of the O-ring will decrease. The following table gives the O-ring cross-sections
that result from various percentages of I.D. stretch.
Compression
Compression squeeze is the difference between the original
Compression Squeeze
O-ring cross-section and the final O-ring cross-section once
installed.
Compression Squeeze =
C/S - Groove Depth C/S Groove
Depth
For recommended O-ring C/S squeeze (%) values please refer to page 15 and 16.
10 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
Gland Fill
The gland fill is the percentage of the gland that is occupied by
the O-ring. It is calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area
(CSA) of the O-ring by the cross-sectional area of the gland.
( )
Therefore, O-ring CSA = π C/S 2
2
It is important to consider the groove fill or occupancy of the swell is a reasonable maximum unless special provisions are
installed O-ring to avoid detrimental effects on radial sealing made in the gland design itself. This is a general rule and there
performance. The groove fill of the installed O-ring should not may occasionally be exceptions.
exceed 85 % to allow for possible O-ring thermal expansion, vol-
ume swell due to fluid exposure and effects of tolerances. It is also important to note there are significant differences in
the coefficients of thermal expansion between the O-ring mate-
Volume change is the increase or decrease of the volume of an rial and the groove materials. Elastomers can have coefficients of
elastomer after it has been in contact with a fluid, measured in thermal expansion 7 to 20 times higher than that of metal, such
percent (%). For static O-ring applications volume swell up to 30 as steel.
% can usually be tolerated. For dynamic applications, 10 or 15%
HITECHSEALS.COM 11
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
Extrusion Gap
Extrusion is a concern for radial seals where there is a gap betw- by the pressure into the small gap between the piston (or rod)
een the piston and the bore for a piston type seal or between the and the bore (throat diameter). Unless the bore (throat diameter)
rod and throat diameter for a rod type seal. It is not typically a and the piston (or rod) are ensured to remain concentric by the
concern for face type seals where the metal parts to be sealed are hardware, we have to assume that entire possible gap can shift to
in contact line-to-line. The issue is that at higher pressures and one side (see diagram below).
especially for softer O-ring elastomers, the O-ring can be forced
High
Pressure
Radial
Extrusion
Gap
13.8 200
Reduce the clearance shown by 60% when using silicone or fluoro-
silicone elastomers.
6.9 100
mm 0 .3 .5 .8 1.0
In. 0 .010 .020 .030 .040
Total Diametrical Clearance
DUROMETER –70 –80 –90
(HARDNESS SHORE A)
12 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
R
Information is based on ISO 3601 E/2
* Pneumatic applications typically do not use a Back-up ring. D
D E C R
Groove Width +0.010/-0.000
Squeeze Diametrical No One Two
Groove Clearance Back-Up Back-Up Back-Up
O-Ring C/S Depth Inches % Max. Ring Ring Rings Groove Radius
0.070 0.049 - 0.057 0.010 - 0.025 14 - 35 0.004 0.110 0.165 0.220 0.008 - 0.016
0.103 0.075 - 0.087 0.013 - 0.031 13 - 30 0.005 0.150 0.205 0.260 0.008 - 0.016
0.139 0.101 - 0.117 0.018 - 0.042 13 - 30 0.006 0.197 0.252 0.307 0.016 - 0.031
0.210 0.156 - 0.180 0.025 - 0.059 12 - 28 0.006 0.283 0.354 0.429 0.016 - 0.031
0.275 0.212 - 0.242 0.028 - 0.069 10 - 25 0.007 0.374 0.484 0.594 0.031 - 0.047
D C R
Groove Depth Groove Width +0.008/-0.000
O-Ring C/S +0.004/-0.000 Squeeze % Hydraulic Pneumatic Groove Radius
0.070 0.051 21 - 36 0.126 0.114 0.008 - 0.016
0.103 0.079 19 - 30 0.157 0.142 0.008 - 0.016
0.139 0.106 17 - 26 0.209 0.189 0.016 - 0.031
0.210 0.165 15 - 23 0.299 0.276 0.016 - 0.031
0.275 0.224 13 - 20 0.354 0.335 0.031 - 0.047
HITECHSEALS.COM 13
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
Reciprocating Applications
C C E/2
D
D
R
R
E/2
D E C R
Squeeze Groove Width +0.010/-0.000
Groove depth Hydraulic Pneumatic Diametrical No One Two
O-Ring Clearance Back- Up Back- Up Back- Up Groove
C/S Hydraulic Pneumatic Inches % Inches % Max. Ring Ring Rings Radius
0.009 0.007
0.070 0.054 - 0.058 0.056 - 0.060 13 - 27 10 - 24 0.004 0.110 0.165 0.220 0.008 - 0.016
- 0.019 - 0.017
0.012 0.008
0.103 0.081 - 0.088 0.083 - 0.092 12 - 24 8 - 22 0.005 0.150 0.205 0.260 0.008 - 0.016
- 0.025 - 0.023
0.015 0.010
0.139 0.112 - 0.120 0.115 - 0.125 11 - 22 7 - 20 0.006 0.197 0.252 0.307 0.016 - 0.031
- 0.031 - 0.028
0.023 0.015
0.210 0.173 - 0.182 0.177 - 0.190 11 - 20 7 - 18 0.006 0.283 0.354 0.429 0.016 - 0.031
- 0.042 - 0.038
0.025 0.017
0.275 0.229 - 0.244 0.234 - 0.253 9 - 19 6 - 17 0.007 0.374 0.484 0.594 0.031 - 0.047
- 0.052 - 0.047
For piston applications groove width (w) values do not apply for 001-
003 and 400-424 series O-rings.
For rod applications groove width (w) values do not apply for 001-003,
028-050, 135-178, 232-284, 350-395, 400-424, and 430-475.
14 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
Groove Details
Piston & Rod Appliations
a
e b
c
e c
d b
a
Hardware Conditions
The metal hardware specifications of the O-ring gland and any
mating part has a significant impact on the life and sealing perf-
ormance of the O-ring. The following are general fluid sealing
surface roughness values for glands using elastomeric O-Rings:
For more detailed surface finish guidelines (gases, cryogenics, etc.), please contact our engineering team at [email protected]
HITECHSEALS.COM 15
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
O-Ring Tolerances
I.D.
C/S
16 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
R
E/2
D
Information is based on DIN 3771.
D E C R
Diametrical Groove Width Groove Max.
O-ring C/S Gland Depth Clearance +0.13/-0.00 Radius Eccentricity
1.00 ± 0.08 0.72 ± 0.02 0.10 1.35 0.2 0.05
1.20 ± 0.08 0.87 ± 0.02 0.10 1.60 0.2 0.05
1.50 ± 0.08 1.09 ± 0.02 0.10 2.00 0.2 0.05
1.60 ± 0.08 1.16 ± 0.03 0.10 2.10 0.2 0.05
1.78 - 1.80 ± 0.08 1.29 ± 0.03 0.10 2.35 0.2 0.05
1.90 ± 0.08 1.38 ± 0.03 0.10 2.50 0.2 0.05
2.00 ± 0.08 1.45 ± 0.04 0.10 2.65 0.2 0.05
2.40 ± 0.08 1.90 ± 0.04 0.10 3.25 0.2 0.05
2.50 ± 0.08 1.98 ± 0.04 0.10 3.40 0.2 0.05
2.62 ± 0.08 2.07 ± 0.04 0.10 3.55 0.2 0.05
3.00 ± 0.08 2.40 ± 0.04 0.15 4.05 0.5 0.07
3.50 - 3.53 ± 0.10 2.82 ± 0.05 0.15 4.75 0.5 0.07
3.60 ± 0.10 2.88 ± 0.05 0.15 4.85 0.5 0.07
4.00 ± 0.10 3.20 ± 0.06 0.15 5.40 0.5 0.07
4.50 ± 0.10 3.64 ± 0.06 0.15 6.00 0.5 0.07
5.00 ± 0.13 4.04 ± 0.06 0.15 6.70 0.7 0.10
5.33- 5.34 ± 0.13 4.31 ± 0.08 0.15 7.15 0.7 0.10
5.50 ± 0.13 4.45 ± 0.08 0.15 7.35 0.7 0.10
5.70 ± 0.13 4.61 ± 0.08 0.15 7.65 0.7 0.10
6.00 ± 0.13 4.91 ± 0.08 0.18 8.15 0.7 0.13
6.99 ± 0.15 5.72 ± 0.10 0.18 9.50 0.7 0.13
7.00 ± 0.15 5.73 ± 0.10 0.18 9.55 0.7 0.13
7.50 ± 0.15 6.14 ± 0.10 0.18 10.20 1.0 0.13
8.00 ± 0.18 6.55 ± 0.10 0.18 10.90 1.0 0.13
8.40 ± 0.18 6.87 ± 0.15 0.18 11.45 1.0 0.13
9.00 ± 0.2 7.65 ± 0.15 0.18 11.85 1.0 0.13
10.0 ± 0.2 8.50 ± 0.15 0.18 13.20 1.0 0.13
11.0 ± 0.2 9.35 ± 0.15 0.18 14.50 1.0 0.13
12.0 ± 0.2 10.20 ± 0.15 0.18 15.85 1.5 0.13
13.0 ± 0.2 11.05 ± 0.15 0.18 17.15 1.5 0.13
14.0 ± 0.2 11.90 ± 0.3 0.18 18.45 1.5 0.13
16.0 ± 0.2 13.60 ± 0.3 0.18 21.10 1.5 0.13
18.0 ± 0.2 15.30 ± 0.3 0.18 23.75 1.5 0.13
20.0 ± 0.2 17.00 ± 0.3 0.18 26.40 1.5 0.13
HITECHSEALS.COM 17
Machining Specifications O-Ring Design Guide
Groove Dimensions
C
D
Groove Width
Hydraulic Pneumatic
O-Ring C/S Gland Depth +0.13/-0.00 ± 0.13
1.00 ± 0.08 0.75 ± 0.02 1.45 1.20
1.20 ± 0.08 0.90 ± 0.02 1.75 1.45
1.50 ± 0.08 1.13 ± 0.02 2.20 1.80
1.60 ± 0.08 1.20 ± 0.03 2.35 1.90
1.78 - 1.80 ± 0.08 1.34 ± 0.03 2.60 2.15
1.90 ± 0.08 1.43 ± 0.03 2.75 2.30
2.00 ± 0.08 1.51 ± 0.04 2.90 2.40
2.40 ± 0.08 1.82 ± 0.04 3.20 2.80
2.50 ± 0.08 1.90 ± 0.04 3.30 2.90
2.62 ± 0.08 1.99 ± 0.04 3.50 3.05
3.00 ± 0.08 2.27 ± 0.04 3.90 3.45
3.50 - 3.53 ± 0.10 2.67 ± 0.05 4.60 4.05
3.60 ± 0.10 2.72 ± 0.05 4.70 4.10
4.00 ± 0.10 3.03 ± 0.06 5.25 4.60
4.50 ± 0.10 3.60 ± 0.06 6.10 5.10
5.00 ± 0.13 4.00 ± 0.06 6.80 5.70
5.33 ± 0.13 4.26 ± 0.08 7.25 6.05
5.50 ± 0.13 4.40 ± 0.08 7.45 6.25
5.70 ± 0.13 4.56 ± 0.08 7.75 6.50
6.00 ± 0.13 4.98 ± 0.08 8.00 6.75
6.99 ± 0.15 5.80 ± 0.10 9.05 7.85
7.00 ± 0.15 5.81 ± 0.10 9.05 7.90
7.50 ± 0.15 6.23 ± 0.10 9.70 8.40
8.00 ± 0.15 6.64 ± 0.10 10.35 9.00
8.40 ± 0.15 6.97 ± 0.15 10.90 9.45
18 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Machining Specifications
Groove Dimensions
Reciprocating Applications
C C E/2
D
D
E/2
D E C
Diametrical Groove Width Max.
O-Ring C/S Gland Depth Clearance +0.13/-0.00 Eccentricity
1.00 ± 0.08 0.80 ± 0.02 0.10 1.35 0.05
1.20 ± 0.08 0.96 ± 0.02 0.10 1.60 0.05
1.50 ± 0.08 1.20 ± 0.02 0.10 2.00 0.05
1.60 ± 0.08 1.28 ± 0.03 0.10 2.10 0.05
1.78 - 1.80 ± 0.08 1.42 ± 0.03 0.10 2.40 0.05
1.90 ± 0.08 1.52 ± 0.03 0.10 2.50 0.05
2.00 ± 0.08 1.60 ± 0.04 0.10 2.65 0.05
2.40 ± 0.08 2.06 ± 0.04 0.10 3.25 0.05
2.50 ± 0.08 2.15 ± 0.04 0.10 3.40 0.05
2.62 ± 0.08 2.25 ± 0.04 0.10 3.55 0.05
3.00 ± 0.08 2.61 ± 0.04 0.15 4.05 0.07
3.50 - 3.53 ± 0.10 3.07 ± 0.05 0.15 4.75 0.07
3.60 ± 0.10 3.13 ± 0.05 0.15 4.85 0.07
4.00 ± 0.10 3.48 ± 0.05 0.15 5.40 0.07
4.50 ± 0.10 3.99 ± 0.05 0.15 6.00 0.07
5.00 ± 0.13 4.44 ± 0.05 0.15 6.70 0.10
5.33- 5.34 ± 0.13 4.73 ± 0.05 0.15 7.15 0.10
5.50 ± 0.13 4.88 ± 0.05 0.15 7.40 0.10
5.70 ± 0.13 5.06 ± 0.05 0.15 7.60 0.10
6.00 ± 0.13 5.19 ± 0.05 0.18 8.15 0.13
6.99 ± 0.15 6.05 ± 0.05 0.18 9.50 0.13
7.00 ± 0.15 6.06 ± 0.05 0.18 9.55 0.13
7.50 ± 0.15 6.49 ± 0.05 0.18 10.20 0.13
8.00 ± 0.18 6.92 ± 0.05 0.18 10.90 0.13
8.40 ± 0.18 7.27 ± 0.05 0.18 11.45 0.13
9.00 ± 0.20 7.92 ± 0.05 0.18 12.10 0.13
10.00 ± 0.20 8.80 ± 0.05 0.18 13.40 0.13
HITECHSEALS.COM 19
Imperial Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
20 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Imperial Size Chart
102 1/16 1/4 3/32 0.049 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 1.24 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
103 3/32 9/32 3/32 0.081 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 2.06 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
104 1/8 5/16 3/32 0.112 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 2.84 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
105 5/32 11/32 3/32 0.143 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 3.63 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
106 3/16 3/8 3/32 0.174 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 4.42 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
107 7/32 13/32 3/32 0.206 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 5.23 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
108 1/4 7/16 3/32 0.237 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 6.02 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
109 5/16 1/2 3/32 0.299 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 7.59 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
110 3/8 9/16 3/32 0.362 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 9.19 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
111 7/16 5/8 3/32 0.424 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 10.77 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
112 1/2 11/16 3/32 0.487 ± 0.005 0.103 ± 0.003 12.37 ± 0.13 2.62 ± 0.08
113 9/16 3/4 3/32 0.549 ± 0.007 0.103 ± 0.003 13.94 ± 0.18 2.62 ± 0.08
114 5/8 13/16 3/32 0.612 ± 0.009 0.103 ± 0.003 15.54 ± 0.23 2.62 ± 0.08
115 11/16 7/8 3/32 0.674 ± 0.009 0.103 ± 0.003 17.12 ± 0.23 2.62 ± 0.08
116 3/4 15/16 3/32 0.737 ± 0.009 0.103 ± 0.003 18.72 ± 0.23 2.62 ± 0.08
117 13/16 1 3/32 0.799 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 20.29 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
118 7/8 1 - 1/16 3/32 0.862 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 21.89 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
119 15/16 1 - 1/8 3/32 0.924 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 23.47 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
120 1 1 - 3/16 3/32 0.987 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 25.07 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
121 1 - 1/16 1 - 1/4 3/32 1.049 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 26.64 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
122 1 - 1/8 1 - 5/16 3/32 1.112 ± 0.010 0.103 ± 0.003 28.24 ± 0.25 2.62 ± 0.08
123 1 - 3/16 1 - 3/8 3/32 1.174 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 29.82 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
124 1 - 1/4 1 - 7/16 3/32 1.237 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 31.42 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
125 1 - 5/16 1 - 1/2 3/32 1.299 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 32.99 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
126 1 - 3/8 1 - 9/16 3/32 1.362 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 34.59 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
127 1 - 7/16 1 - 5/8 3/32 1.424 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 36.17 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
128 1 - 1/2 1 - 11/16 3/32 1.487 ± 0.012 0.103 ± 0.003 37.77 ± 0.30 2.62 ± 0.08
129 1 - 9/16 1 - 3/4 3/32 1.549 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 39.34 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
130 1 - 5/8 1 - 13/16 3/32 1.612 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 40.94 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
131 1 - 11/16 1 - 7/8 3/32 1.674 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 42.52 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
132 1 - 3/4 1 - 15/16 3/32 1.737 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 44.12 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
133 1 - 13/16 2 3/32 1.799 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 45.69 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
134 1 - 7/8 2 - 1/16 3/32 1.862 ± 0.015 0.103 ± 0.003 47.29 ± 0.38 2.62 ± 0.08
135 1 - 15/16 2 - 1/8 3/32 1.925 ± 0.017 0.103 ± 0.003 48.90 ± 0.43 2.62 ± 0.08
136 2 2 - 3/16 3/32 1.987 ± 0.017 0.103 ± 0.003 50.47 ± 0.43 2.62 ± 0.08
HITECHSEALS.COM 21
Imperial Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
201 3/16 7/16 1/8 0.171 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 4.34 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
202 1/4 1/2 1/8 0.234 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 5.94 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
203 5/16 9/16 1/8 0.296 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 7.52 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
204 3/8 5/8 1/8 0.359 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 9.12 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
205 7/16 11/16 1/8 0.421 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 10.69 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
206 1/2 3/4 1/8 0.484 ± 0.005 0.139 ± 0.004 12.29 ± 0.13 3.53 ± 0.10
207 9/16 13/16 1/8 0.546 ± 0.007 0.139 ± 0.004 13.87 ± 0.18 3.53 ± 0.10
22 HITECHSEALS.COM
O-Ring Design Guide Imperial Size Chart
HITECHSEALS.COM 23
Imperial Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
309 7/16 13/16 3/16 0.412 ± 0.005 0.210 ± 0.005 10.46 ± 0.13 5.33 ± 0.13
310 1/2 7/8 3/16 0.475 ± 0.005 0.210 ± 0.005 12.07 ± 0.13 5.33 ± 0.13
311 9/16 15/16 3/16 0.537 ± 0.007 0.210 ± 0.005 13.64 ± 0.18 5.33 ± 0.13
312 5/8 1 3/16 0.600 ± 0.009 0.210 ± 0.005 15.24 ± 0.23 5.33 ± 0.13
313 11/16 1 - 1/16 3/16 0.662 ± 0.009 0.210 ± 0.005 16.81 ± 0.23 5.33 ± 0.13
314 3/4 1 - 1/8 3/16 0.725 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 18.42 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
315 13/16 1 - 3/16 3/16 0.787 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 19.99 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
316 7/8 1 - 1/4 3/16 0.850 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 21.59 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
317 15/16 1 - 5/16 3/16 0.912 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 23.16 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
318 1 1 - 3/8 3/16 0.975 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 24.77 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
319 1 - 1/16 1 - 7/16 3/16 1.037 ± 0.010 0.210 ± 0.005 26.34 ± 0.25 5.33 ± 0.13
320 1 - 1/8 1 - 1/2 3/16 1.100 ± 0.012 0.210 ± 0.005 27.94 ± 0.30 5.33 ± 0.13
321 1 - 3/16 1 - 9/16 3/16 1.162 ± 0.012 0.210 ± 0.005 29.51 ± 0.30 5.33 ± 0.13
322 1 - 1/4 1 - 5/8 3/16 1.225 ± 0.012 0.210 ± 0.005 31.12 ± 0.30 5.33 ± 0.13
323 1 - 5/16 1 - 11/16 3/16 1.287 ± 0.012 0.210 ± 0.005 32.69 ± 0.30 5.33 ± 0.13
324 1 - 3/8 1 - 3/4 3/16 1.350 ± 0.012 0.210 ± 0.005 34.29 ± 0.38 5.33 ± 0.13
325 1 - 1/2 1 - 7/8 3/16 1.475 ± 0.015 0.210 ± 0.005 37.47 ± 0.38 5.33 ± 0.13
326 1 - 5/8 2 3/16 1.600 ± 0.015 0.210 ± 0.005 40.64 ± 0.38 5.33 ± 0.13
327 1 - 3/4 2 - 1/8 3/16 1.725 ± 0.015 0.210 ± 0.005 43.82 ± 0.38 5.33 ± 0.13
328 1 - 7/8 2 - 1/4 3/16 1.850 ± 0.015 0.210 ± 0.005 46.99 ± 0.38 5.33 ± 0.13
329 2 2 - 3/8 3/16 1.975 ± 0.018 0.210 ± 0.005 50.17 ± 0.46 5.33 ± 0.13
330 2 - 1/8 2 - 1/2 3/16 2.100 ± 0.018 0.210 ± 0.005 53.34 ± 0.46 5.33 ± 0.13
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Imperial Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
425 4 - 1/2 5 1/4 4.475 ± 0.033 0.275 ± 0.006 113.67 ± 0.84 6.99 ± 0.15
426 4 - 5/8 5 - 1/8 1/4 4.600 ± 0.033 0.275 ± 0.006 116.84 ± 0.84 6.99 ± 0.15
427 4 - 3/4 5 - 1/4 1/4 4.725 ± 0.033 0.275 ± 0.006 120.02 ± 0.84 6.99 ± 0.15
428 4 - 7/8 5 - 3/8 1/4 4.850 ± 0.033 0.275 ± 0.006 123.19 ± 0.84 6.99 ± 0.15
429 5 5 - 1/2 1/4 4.975 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 126.37 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
430 5 - 1/8 5 - 5/8 1/4 5.100 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 129.54 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
431 5 - 1/4 5 - 3/4 1/4 5.225 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 132.72 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
432 5 - 3/8 5 - 7/8 1/4 5.350 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 135.89 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
433 5 - 1/2 6 1/4 5.475 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 139.07 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
434 5 - 5/8 6 - 1/8 1/4 5.600 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 142.24 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
435 5 - 3/4 6 - 1/4 1/4 5.725 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 145.42 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
436 5 - 7/8 6 - 3/8 1/4 5.850 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 148.59 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
437 6 6 - 1/2 1/4 5.975 ± 0.037 0.275 ± 0.006 151.77 ± 0.94 6.99 ± 0.15
438 6 - 1/4 6 - 3/4 1/4 6.225 ± 0.040 0.275 ± 0.006 158.12 ± 1.02 6.99 ± 0.15
439 6 - 1/2 7 1/4 6.475 ± 0.040 0.275 ± 0.006 164.47 ± 1.02 6.99 ± 0.15
440 6 - 3/4 7 - 1/4 1/4 6.725 ± 0.040 0.275 ± 0.006 170.82 ± 1.02 6.99 ± 0.15
441 7 7 - 1/2 1/4 6.975 ± 0.040 0.275 ± 0.006 177.17 ± 1.02 6.99 ± 0.15
442 7 - 1/4 7 - 3/4 1/4 7.225 ± 0.045 0.275 ± 0.006 183.52 ± 1.14 6.99 ± 0.15
443 7 - 1/2 8 1/4 7.475 ± 0.045 0.275 ± 0.006 189.87 ± 1.14 6.99 ± 0.15
444 7 - 3/4 8 - 1/4 1/4 7.725 ± 0.045 0.275 ± 0.006 196.22 ± 1.14 6.99 ± 0.15
445 8 8 - 1/2 1/4 7.975 ± 0.045 0.275 ± 0.006 202.57 ± 1.14 6.99 ± 0.15
446 8 - 1/2 9 1/4 8.475 ± 0.055 0.275 ± 0.006 215.27 ± 1.40 6.99 ± 0.15
447 9 9 - 1/2 1/4 8.975 ± 0.055 0.275 ± 0.006 227.97 ± 1.40 6.99 ± 0.15
448 9 - 1/2 10 1/4 9.475 ± 0.055 0.275 ± 0.006 240.67 ± 1.40 6.99 ± 0.15
449 10 10 - 1/2 1/4 9.975 ± 0.055 0.275 ± 0.006 253.37 ± 1.40 6.99 ± 0.15
450 10 - 1/2 11 1/4 10.475 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 266.07 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
451 11 11 - 1/2 1/4 10.975 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 278.77 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
452 11 - 1/2 12 1/4 11.475 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 291.47 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
453 12 12 - 1/2 1/4 11.975 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 304.17 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
454 12 - 1/2 13 1/4 12.475 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 316.87 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
455 13 13 - 1/2 1/4 12.975 ± 0.060 0.275 ± 0.006 329.57 ± 1.52 6.99 ± 0.15
456 13 - 1/2 14 1/4 13.475 ± 0.070 0.275 ± 0.006 342.27 ± 1.78 6.99 ± 0.15
457 14 14 - 1/2 1/4 13.975 ± 0.070 0.275 ± 0.006 345.97 ± 1.78 6.99 ± 0.15
458 14 - 1/2 15 1/4 14.475 ± 0.070 0.275 ± 0.006 367.67 ± 1.78 6.99 ± 0.15
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O-Ring Design Guide Imperial Size Chart
We offer O-rings in sizes ranging from 400-424. These O-ring size dime-
nsions and tolerances are unassigned under ISO 3601. In addition, we
stock specific non-standard C/S O-rings such as 3/8”, 1/2”, and 3/4”.
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Metric Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
I.D.
C/S
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Metric Size Chart O-Ring Design Guide
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Common O-Ring Failures O-Ring Design Guide
Extrusion or Nibbling
When extrusion or nibbling occurs, the seal develops ragged edges, which can leave it
looking tattered. This generally appears on the low-pressure side. In general, extrusion
failures are caused by one of more of the following factors:
• Excessive clearances • Irregular clearance gaps
• Excessive pressure • Sharp gland edges
• Low modulus or hardness elastomer • Improper sizing
• Excessive gland fill
Over-Compression
Over-compression causes mating surfaces to appear flat. It may also cause the flattened
surfaces of the seal to develop circumferential splits. In general, over-compression
failures are caused by one of more of the following factors:
• Improper design (failure to account for thermal expansion)
• Chemical volume changes
• Excessive compression
Abrasion
Abrasion generally happens in dynamic seals, subjected to reciprocating, oscillating or
rotary motion. This failure causes laceration and breaking on the O-ring’s surface that
experience excessive wear. Abrasion is caused by one or more of the following:
• Rough sealing surfaces
• Excessive temperature
• Process environment containing abrasive particles
• Dynamic motion
• Poor elastomer surface finish
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O-Ring Design Guide Common O-Ring Failures
Compression Set
Compression set causes an O-ring's cross section to lose its circular or O-shape
and resemble a flat sided oval. The flat side corresponds to the mating seal surfaces.
Contributing factors may include one or more of the following:
• Excessive compression
• Excessive temperature
• Incompletely cured elastomer
• Elastomer with high compression set
• Excessive volume swell in chemical
Outgassing or Extraction
This failure is difficult to detect as the O-ring typically shows no visible change. In some
instances, it may exhibit a decrease in cross-sectional size. In general, outgassing or ext-
ractions are caused by one of more of the following factors:
• Improper or improperly cured elastomer
• High vacuum levels
• Low hardness or plasticized elastomer
Installation Damage
Damage that occurs to the O-ring during the installation process presents as small cuts,
nicks, and gashes to the surface. Installation damage can be caused by one of more of the
following factors:
• Sharp edges on the glands or components
• Improper sizing of elastomer
• Low-modulus or low-hardness elastomer
• Elastomer surface contamination
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Common O-Ring Failures O-Ring Design Guide
Chemical Degradation
When chemical degradation occurs, the seal may exhibit signs including blisters, cra-
cking, voids, or discoloration. In some cases, the degradation is observable only by mea-
surement of physical properties. In general, chemical degradation is caused by:
• Incompatibility with the chemical and or thermal environment.
Thermal Degradation
Thermal degradation may cause radial cracks to appear on the O-rings. They will be
located on the highest temperature surfaces. In addition, certain elastomers may exhibit
signs of softening or shiny surface as a result of excessive temperatures. In general,
thermal degradation are caused by one of more of the following factors:
• Elastomer thermal properties
• Excessive temperature excursions or cycling
Spiral Failure
When a spiral failure occurs, a spiral pattern or mark appears on the circumference of
the O-ring. Spiral failures are typically caused by one or more of these factors:
• Difficult or tight installation (static)
• Slow reciprocating speed
• Low-modulus or durometer elastomer
• Irregular O-ring surface finish, including excessive parting line
• Excessive gland width
• Irregular or rough gland surface finish
• Inadequate lubrication
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O-Ring Design Guide Common O-Ring Failures
Plasma Degradation
When plasma degradation occurs, there is erosion on the O-ring where it was exposed
to the plasma. This type of failure generally happens in electrical applications. In some
cases, this appears as discolouration or powdered residue on the surface. Contribut
-ing factors may include:
• Chemical reactivity of the plasma
• Ion bombardment (sputtering)
• Electron bombardment (heating)
• Improper gland design
• Incompatible seal material
Contamination
When this failure occurs, the foreign materials or contaminants are visible on the surface
of the O-ring. In general, contamination is caused by:
• Process environment deposition
• Reactions or degradation of the elastomer
• Non-semiconductor-grade elastomer
To prevent this failure from happening specify contamination level including manu-
facturing and packaging of the seals.
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Material Summary Guide O-Ring Design Guide
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O-Ring Design Guide O-Ring Design Guide
Canadian Branches
Canadian Headquarters | 9211 - 41 Ave NW | Edmonton, AB | T6E 6R5 | Ph: 780.438.6055 | Fax: 780.434.5866
Manufacturing Centre | 9504 - 41 Ave NW | Edmonton, AB | T6E 6G9 | Ph: 780.439.4894 | Fax: 780.436.9502
Calgary | 6323 - 35 St. S.E. | Calgary, AB | T2C 1N1 | Ph: 403.720.2856 | Fax: 403.279.2662
Winnipeg | 445 Egesz St. | Winnipeg, MB | R2R 2V5 | Ph: 204.775.7881 | Fax: 204.775.7954
Toronto | 1180 Kerrisdale Blvd; Unit #8 | Newmarket, ON | L3Y 8Z9 | Ph: 905.953.9666 | Fax: 905.953.8739
Montreal | 2101 Rue Léonard-De Vinci | Ste-Julie, QC | J3E 1Z2 | Ph: 450.655.7325 | Fax: 450.655.7359
US Branches
Conroe | 12064 FM 3083 | Conroe, TX | 77301 | Ph: 936.206.3124 | Fax: 936.756.0538
Polymer Concepts Technologies PBY, Inc. | 13522 Manhasset St. | Apple Valley, CA | United States | 92308 | Ph: 760.240.4999
Polymer Concepts Technologies PBY, Inc. | 2571 E. Lindsay Privado | Ontario, CA | United States | 91761 | Ph: 909.930.6700
Microflex Technologies, Inc. | 430 W Collins Ave | Orange, CA | United States | 92867 | Ph: 714.937.1507
Polis SRL | Via Artigianale, 19 | Loc. Cignano Offlaga, BS | Italy | 25020 | Ph: +39.030979304 04/2023