Journal Of Health Science Vol IX. No.

1 2024 | 13-19

Analysis Of Factors Influencing Fatigue In Minibus Drivers At PT Executive Tiomaz

Trans Kota Medan
Linda Mutiara Harahap 1 , Reni Agustina Harahap 2
1,2 Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V,

Medan Estate, Kab. Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20371

[email protected],[email protected]
*Corresponding author
[email protected]

Article Information ABSTRACT

Article History Fatigue among drivers remains a significant cause of accidents in the
Received: 24-03-2024 transportation sector, often resulting in fatalities. This study aims to
Revised : 16-04-2024 analyze the risk factors associated with driver fatigue among mini-bus
Accepted: 30-05-2024 drivers at PT Executive Tsiomaz Trans in Medan City. Employing a cross-
sectional design, the research encompasses the entire population of bus
Keywords: drivers working at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans Kota Medan, with a sample
Driver size of 54 mini-bus drivers selected using total sampling techniques. Data
Fatigue analysis involved univariate and bivariate analyses utilizing chi-square and
Minibus Fisher exact tests. Based on the bivariate analysis, variables found to be
correlated include age (p value: 0.016), nutritional status (p value: 0.034),
driving duration (p value: 0.01), and sleep quantity (p value: 0.01).
Conversely, variables such as physical health condition, tenure, workload,
and rest time showed no significant correlation with driver fatigue.

Introduction safety of passengers during the journey. As bus

The Buses are a type of long-distance drivers, they have a big responsibility in taking
transportation that has an important role in passengers to their destination. Fatigue
providing transportation services, which also experienced by drivers is one of the factors that
contributes to improving the quality of human influences their performance when driving a bus.
social life by fulfilling their needs and tasks. Bus There are many factors of fatigue and various
drivers are required to always provide comfort to forms of fatigue experienced by drivers. Fatigue is
users of transportation services and take full a distinct physical and mental condition, but they
responsibility for maintaining the security and all lead to decreased productivity and reduced

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 Linda et al. Analysis Of Factors Influencing Fatigue In………..

endurance for work. Fatigue is generally Drivers on all routes work alone without a
characterized by a loss of motivation to work, substitute when making a trip. So minibus drivers
which can be caused by physiological factors or have a greater risk compared to bus drivers who
psychological factors.(Hardi, 2020) have substitutes in taking a change of driving
Accidents are becoming more frequent due to when making a trip. PT Executive Tiomaz Trans
the continuous and rapid development of traffic minibus drivers also carry out work such as
and roads, causing an increase in the number of loading passengers' belongings apart from driving,
injuries and deaths every year. According to the which can increase the incidence of work fatigue
“Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road due to the additional workload. Work fatigue
Safety 2011-2020” released by the World Health while driving is one of the causes of the risk of
Organization (WHO) the annual global death toll accidents and impacts the health and safety of
caused by road traffic-related accidents is almost minibus drivers. As usually happens in cases of
1.25 million. Traffic accidents have become the traffic accidents on buses caused by drivers who
third cause of death worldwide.(J.J et al., 2022) are sleepy and not focused while traveling.(A, n.d.)
Public transportation and other means of Seeing that human factors which are influenced by
transportation must be driven by drivers correctly fatigue are the factors that most dominate the
and carefully. This gives the driver full occurrence of traffic accidents, researchers are
responsibility for the safety of himself, passengers interested in conducting research on "Analysis of
and goods. Driving is a part of work that is quite factors that influence work fatigue in minibus
tiring, driving is a monotonous job, the activities drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans, Medan city.
carried out are repetitive activities and require Method
good conditions and special attention. The need This The research used in this research is a type
for a fit and healthy body condition when driving, of quantitative research with the research design
especially good eye condition because driving used is a cross sectional approach. Research with
requires focus and sharp eyes when driving. a cross sectional approach is an observational
(Maulina & Syafitri, 2019) research design that is used to collect data on
PT Executive Tiomaz Trans is a company that dependent and independent variables in the same
operates in the field of passenger and goods period. The aim is to analyze the factors that
transportation services using minibuses. To date, influence minibus driver fatigue at PT Executive
PT Executive Tiomaz has service destinations Tiomaz Trans Medan, and a sample of 54 minibus
spread across several areas in North Sumatra, drivers using a total sampling technique. The data
namely in the cities of Medan, Pematang Siantar, analysis used was univariate and bivariate using
Tarutung, Sibolga, Padangsidimpuan. Each route chi square and Fisher exact.
has a different distance, this can affect the driving
duration for each driver. Results and Discussion
Based on PT Executive Tiomaz Trans's annual Table 4.1 Age Distribution of Respondents
accident data, the implementation of PT Executive Respondent
Tiomaz Trans's minibus operations is not free Age Frequency Persentage
from traffic accidents. From 2019 to 2022, there > 40 year 18 33.3%
were approximately 12 cases of accidents with ≤ 40 year 36 66.7%
various types of accidents. It is known that 20% of Total 54 100.0%
accidents are caused by human factors. Mini bus Based on table 4.1, it is known that the age of
drivers are often given a target time for drivers in the > 40 years category is 18 (33.3%),
passengers to complete their journey. The drive to while in the ≤ 40 category there are 36 (66.7%).
achieve these targets can cause drivers to feel Table 4.2 Distribution of Respondents' Nutrial
forced to drive at higher speeds and take Status
unnecessary risks.(Hikmah, 2020)

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Respondents' category ≥5 years was 2 people (3.7%), the

Nutritional distribution of respondents' working period in the
Status Frequency Persentage <5 years category was 52 people (96.3%).
Abnormal 21 38.9%
Normal 33 61.1%
Total 54 100.0% Tabel 4.6 Distribution of Respondents' Rest
Based on table 4.2 above, it is known that the Time
nutritional status of 21 drivers (38.9%) was Respondents'
abnormal, while the nutritional status was normal Rest Time Frekuency Persentage
for 33 people (61.1%). 1 hour 54 100.0
<1 hour 0 0
.
Tabel 4.3 Distribution of Respondents' Total 54 100.0%
Physical/Health Conditions Based on table 4.6 above, it is known that the
Physical distribution of rest time for respondents in the 1
Condition/Health hour category is 54 people (100.0%), while the
of Respondents Frekuency Persentage distribution of rest time for respondents in the <1
Unfit 45 83.3% hour category is 0 people (0%).
Fit 9 16.7%
Total 54 100.0% Table 4.7 Distribution of Respondents' Driving
Based on table 4.3 above, it is known that 45 Duration
people in the driver's physical/health condition Respondents'
category are not fit (83.3%), while 9 people in the Driving
physical health condition category are fit Duration Frekuency Persentage
(16.7%).(Nurbaity et al., 2019) Weigh 33 61.1%
Normal 21 38.9%
Table 4.4 Distribution of Respondents' Total 54 100.0%
Workload Load Based on table 4.7 above, it is known that the
Respondents' distribution of driving duration for respondents in
Workload Frekuency Persentage the heavy category was 33 (61.1%), while the
Light 54 100.0% distribution of driving duration for respondents in
Weigh 0 0 the normal category was 21 people (38.9%).
Total 54 100.0%
Based on table 4.4 above, it is known that the Table 4.8 Distribution of Respondents' Sleep
workload distribution of respondents in the light Quantity
category is 54 people (100.0%), while the Respondents' Sleep
workload of respondents in the heavy category is Quantity Frekuency Persentage
0 people (0%).(P & Hotmaria, 2021)
Less 24 44.4%
Enough 30 55.6%
Table 4.5 Distribution of Respondents' Years of
Total 54 100.0%
Work
Based on table 4.8 above, it is known that the
Respondent's
distribution of sleep quantity of respondents in
Work Period Frekuency Persentage
the insufficient category is 24 people (44.4%),
≥5 years 2 3.7%
while the distribution of sleep quantity of
<5 years 52 96.3%
respondents in the sufficient category is 30 people
Total 54 100.0% (55.6%).
Based on table 4.5 above, it is known that the
distribution of respondents' working period in the Table 4.9 Distribution of Work Fatigue Levels

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 Linda et al. Analysis Of Factors Influencing Fatigue In………..

Quantity of -
Respondents' 3.535)
Work FatigueFrequency Persentage Based on Table 4.11, it can be seen that the
High 25 46.3% incidence of work fatigue in abnormal nutritional
Low 29 53.7% status in the high fatigue category was 14 people
Total 54 100.0% (66.7%), in the low fatigue category it was 7
Based on table 4.9 above, it is known that the people (33.3%).(Vanchapao, 2020) Meanwhile,
distribution of work fatigue of respondents in the the incidence of work fatigue in normal nutritional
high category is 25 people (46.3%), while the status in the high fatigue category was 11 people
distribution of work fatigue of respondents in the (33.3%), in the low fatigue category it was 22
low category is 29 people (53.7%). people (66.7%).(Sabaruddin & Abdillah, 2019)
The results of statistical tests using chi square
Table 4.10 Distribution of the Relationship showed a p-value of 0.034 (p-value < 0.05), which
between Age and Work Fatigue among Minibus means that there is a relationship between
Drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans nutritional status and work fatigue in minibus
Age Work Fatigue p- PR (95% drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans.
CI)
High% Low % N value c. Relationship between physical/health
conditions and fatigue
>40 13 72.2%5 27.8%18 0.0162.167
Table 4.12 Distribution of the Relationship
year (1.258 -
between Physical Condition and Work Fatigue
≤40 12 33.3%24 66.7%36 3.731%)
among Minibus Drivers at PT Executive
Year
Tiomaz Trans
Based on Table 4.10, it can be seen that the
Physical Work Fatigue p- PR
work fatigue of drivers aged >40 years in the high
Condition (95%
fatigue category is 13 people (72.2%), and the
value CI)
work fatigue in the low category is 5 people
(27.8%). while the work fatigue of drivers aged High% Low % N
≤40 years in the high fatigue category was 12
people (33.3%), in the low fatigue category there UnFit 21 46.7%24 53.3%45 1.0001.050
were 24 people (66.7%). (0.474 -
Fit 4 44.4%5 55.6%9
The results of statistical tests using chi square 2.324)
show a p-value of 0.016 (p-value < 0.05), which Based on Table 4.12, it can be seen that the
means that there is a relationship between age incidence of work fatigue in unfit physical/health
and work fatigue in minibus drivers at PT conditions in the high fatigue category was 21
Executive Tiomaz Trans. people (46.7%), for conditions in the low fatigue
category it was 24 people (53.3%). Meanwhile, the
Table 4.11 Distribution of the Relationship incidence of work fatigue in fit physical/health
between Nutritional Status and Work Fatigue conditions in the high fatigue category was 4
in Minibus Driver at PT Executive Tiomaz people (44.4%), in the low fatigue category it was
Trans 5 people (55.6%).(Juliawati, 2020)
NutritionalWork Fatigue p- PR The results of statistical tests using chi square
Status (95% show a p-value of 1,000 (p-value > 0.05), which
value CI) means that there is no relationship between
High% Low% N physical/health condition and work fatigue in
minibus drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans.
Abnormal 14 66.7%7 33.3% 210.0342.000
Normal 11 33.3%22 66.7%)33 (1.132

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Linda et al. Analysis Of Factors Influencing Fatigue In………..

d. The Relationship between Working Period (23.8%) in the high fatigue category, 16 people
and Job Fatigue (76.2%) in the low fatigue category.(Agustian et
Table 4.13 Distribution of the Relationship al., 2019)
between Work Period and Job Fatigue among The results of statistical tests using chi square
Minibus Drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans show a p-value of 0.018 (p-value < 0.05), which
Work Work fatigue p- PR (95% means that there is a relationship between driving
Period CI) duration and work fatigue in minibus drivers at
High % Low % N value PT Executive Tiomaz Trans.

≥5 2 100.0%0 0% 2 0.4072.261 h. Relationship between Sleep Quantity and

years (1.666 - Work Fatigue
<5 23 44.2% 29 53.7%42 3.068) Table 4.15 Distribution of the Relationship
years between Sleep Quantity and Work Fatigue
Based on Table 4.13, it can be seen that the among Minibus Drivers at PT Executive
incidence of work fatigue in those working for ≥5 Tiomaz Trans
years in the high fatigue category is 2 people Sleep Work Fatigue p- PR
(100.0%), for the low fatigue category it is 0 Quantitiy (95%
people (0%). Meanwhile, the incidence of work value CI)
fatigue in the working period <5 years in the high High% Low % N
fatigue category was 23 people (44.2%), in the low
fatigue category it was 29 people (53.7%).(Amalia Less 16 66.7%8 33.3%24 0.0162.222
& Widajat, 2019) (1.201 -
fair 9 30.0%21 70.0%30
The results of statistical tests using chi square 4.112)
show a p-value of 0.407 (p-value > 0.05), which Based on Table 4.15, it can be seen that the
means that there is no relationship between incidence of work fatigue with insufficient sleep
length of service and work fatigue in minibus quantity in the high fatigue category was 16
drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans. (Setiaji, people (66.7%), in the low fatigue category it was
2019) 8 people (33.3%).(Vania & Barus, 2020)
Meanwhile, the incidence of work fatigue,
Table 4.14 Distribution of the Relationship sufficient sleep quantity, in the high fatigue
between Driving Duration and Work Fatigue category was 9 people (30.0%), in the low fatigue
among Minibus Drivers at PT Executive category it was 21 people (70.0%).(Ardian, 2019)
Tiomaz Trans The results of statistical tests using chi square
Drive Work fatigue p- PR show a p-value of 0.016 (p-value < 0.05), which
Duration (95% means that there is a relationship between sleep
value CI) quantity and work fatigue in minibus drivers at PT
High % Low % N Executive Tiomaz Trans.
Discussion
Weigh 20 60.6%13 39.4%33 0.0182.545 Based on a literature, it appears that there is an
(1.129 - relationship between job fatigue and age
Normal 5 23.8%16 76.2%21 characteristics where in the journals there is a
5.739)
relationship between age and work fatigue where
Based on Table 4.14, it can be seen that the
incidence of work fatigue during heavy driving one of them is in the journal which says one of the
factors that affect fatigue is age. The lowest age of
duration in the high fatigue category was 20
people (60.6%), in the low fatigue category it was respondents was 18 years while the highest age is
13 people (39.4%). Meanwhile, in the normal 36 years.
work fatigue of drivers aged >40 years in the
driving duration category, there were 5 people
high fatigue category is 13 people (72.2%), and

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 Linda et al. Analysis Of Factors Influencing Fatigue In………..

the work fatigue in the low category is 5 people Jurnal Professional FIS UNIVED, 6(1), 42–
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relationship between age and fatigue in minibus Kecelakaan pada Pengemudi Bus. Higeia
drivers at PT Executive Tiomaz Trans, Medan and Journal of Public Health Research Adn
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Berhubungan Dengan Kelelahan
work fatigue in minibus drivers at PT Executive
Tiomaz Trans, Medan city. Pengemudi Truk Trailer di PT AMI
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Tiomaz Trans, Medan city. Kerja Secara Obyektif Berdasarkan
6) Based on bivariate analysis, there is no
Reaction Timer Pada Tenaga Kerja Unit
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fatigue in minibus drivers at PT Executive Pengerolan Besi PT.X. Journal of Health
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Ardian, H. (2019). Hubungan Antara Stres Kerja
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