2024학년도 10월 전국연합학력평가 유사변형 문제

고1
영어 영역
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1. zb1 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 3. z b3 ) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장

적절한 곳은?
To the State Education Department,
That’s where the beauty of integrating
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
mini-exercises into household chores comes into
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
play.
School. Our school needs additional spaces to
provide a fully functional Art and Library Media
Center to serve our students in a more For many of us, making time for exercise is a
meaningful way. Despite submitting all required continuing challenge. ( ) Between work
documentation for funding to your department in commitments and family obligations, it often feels like
April 2024, we have not yet received any notification there’s no room in our packed schedules for a
from your department. A delay in the process can dedicated workout. ( ) But what if the workout
carry considerable consequences related to the came to you, right in the midst of your daily
school’s budgetary constraints and schedule. routine? ( ) Let’s be realistic; chores are
Therefore, in order to proceed with our project, we inevitable. Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out
request you notify us of the review result the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily
regarding the submitted documentation. I look life. ( ) But rather than viewing chores as purely
forward to hear from you. obligatory activities, why not seize these moments as
opportunities for physical activity? ( ) For
Respectfully,
instance, practice squats or engage in some wall
Clara Smith push-ups as you wait for your morning kettle to boil.
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores
can improve your health.

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2. zb2 ) 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른

것은?

As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐

fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to
tell me something important. He was going to select
me to be the captain of the team, the leader I
had always wanted to be. My heart was racing with
anticipation. But when his next words hit my ears,
everything changed. “We’re going to have to send
you home,” he said coldly. “ I don’t think you are
going to make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. I
tried to hold it together, but inside I was falling
apart. A car would be waiting tomorrow morning to
take me home. And just like that, it was over.

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(A) (B) (C)
4. 밑줄 친 This가 의미하는 바를 우리말로 작성하시오.
able more conscious
zb4 )

When we see something, we naturally and unable more unconscious

automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
able more unconscious
concepts that we have learned through education. We
recode what we see through the lens of everything unable less unconscious
we know. We reconstruct memories rather than able less conscious
retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful
trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information―a
bit like an optimal image compression algorithm such
as JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image file.
People who lack this ability and remember everything [연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 23번]

in perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and 6. z b6 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이

make connections between what they have learned. 적절하지 않은 것은?
But representing the world as abstract ideas and
Many forms of research lead naturally to
features comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is.
quantitative data. A study of happiness might
Instead, we see the world through our assumptions,
measure the number of times someone smiles during
motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that
an interaction, and a study of memory might
our memories are reconstructed through abstract
measure the number of items an individual can
representations rather than played back like a movie
recall after one, five, and ten minutes. Asking people
completely undermined the legal primacy of
how many times in a year they are sad will also
eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not believing.
yield quantitative data, but it might not be reliable.
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성 Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and
their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely. But

Answer: ________________________________________ asking “How many times in the past year were you
sad enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a
________________________________________________
concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking people
to rate how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How
many of your utility bills are you currently late in
paying, even though you can afford to pay them?”
Questions that seek abstract responses help make
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abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency
5. zb5 ) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 표현으 from one study to the next.
로 가장 적절한 것은?
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found
evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s
when people find themselves (A) [able / unable] to
explain why they recognize the person, saying things
like “his face just popped out at me,” that they tend
to be accurate more often. Sometimes our first,
immediate, automatic reaction to a situation is the
truest interpretation of what our mind is telling us.
That very first impression can also be (B) [more /
less] accurate about the world than the deliberative,
reasoned self-narrative can be. In his book Blink,
Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies in
psychology and behavioral economics that
demonstrate the superior performance of relatively
(C) [conscious / unconscious] first guesses
compared to logical step-by-step justifications for a
decision.

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7. zb7 ) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 8. z b8 ) 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
적절한 곳은?

Conversely, our consciousness also has a

significant impact on the evolution of AI.

The evolution of AI is often associated with the

concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point
at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve
itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. ( ) When
AI becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it
will be a conscious being, not just a machine. ( )
AI and human consciousness will then begin to
evolve together. ( ) Our consciousness will evolve
to new dimensions through our interactions with AI,
which will provide us with intellectual stimulation and
inspire new insights and creativity. ( ) The
The above graph shows the electricity generation
direction of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on
from fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewables in
what values and ethics we incorporate into AI. ( )
four countries in 2023. Australia’s electricity
We need to see our relationship with AI as a mutual
generation only comes from fossil fuels and
coexistence of conscious beings, recognizing its
renewables, and the percentage of fossil fuels is
rights and supporting the evolution of its
more than twice that of renewables. In terms of
consciousness.
electricity generation from nuclear energy, the U.S.
shows the highest percentage among all four
countries. The percentage of electricity generation
from fossil fuels in the U.S. is higher than that in
the U.K., which is not true for nuclear energy. In
the U.K., the percentage of electricity generated from
nuclear energy is less than a third of that generated
from renewables. Brazil’s percentage of electricity
generated from renewables is 10 percentage points
larger than that of Australia and the U.K. combined.

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9. zb9 ) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 11.

z b1 1) 다음 글을 읽고 아래 질문에 대한 답을 우리말로 작
성하시오.
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, being born in Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
Toronto, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
awaited the weekly arrival of Life magazine and capacity. As we lack the resources to compute
discussed the photographs the magazine contained answers independently, we distribute the computation
with his father. Believing that he would have across the population and solve the answer slowly,
better career prospects, Kirkland moved to the generation by generation. Then all we have to do is
United States after graduating from high school and socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to
found work at a photography studio. When Look understand how your computer or toilet works; you
magazine hired him at age 24, he became their just need to be able to use the interface and flush.
second-youngest photographer ever. His photos All that needs to be transmitted is which button to
taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became iconic push ―essentially how to interact with technologies
almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks shooting rather than how they work. And so instead of
day-to-day life across the United States and his holding more information than we have mental
weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays could capacity for and indeed need to know, we could
run up to a dozen pages and were seen by more dedicate our large brains to a small piece of a giant
than half of all Americans. calculation. We understand things well enough to
benefit from them, but all the while we are making
small calculations that contribute to a larger whole.
We are just doing our part in a larger computation
for our societies’ collective brains.

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Q: Why do we have to socially learn the right
10. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
answers?
zb1 0)

Digital technologies are essentially related to

metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from
Answer: ________________________________________
linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic
________________________________________________
metaphors are passive, in the sense that the
audience needs to choose to actively enter the world
proposed by metaphor. In the Shakespearean
metaphor “time is a beggar,” the audience is
_______________________________ without cognitive
effort and without further engaging Shakespeare’s
prose. Technological metaphors, on the other hand,
are active (and often imposing) in the sense that they
are realized in digital artifacts that are actively doing
things, forcefully changing a user’s meaning horizon.
Technological creators cannot generally afford to
require their potential audience to wonder how the
metaphor works; normally the selling point is that
the usefulness of the technology is obvious at first
glance. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is beloved
in part because the meaning of his works is not
immediately obvious and requires some thought on
the part of the audience.

expected to fully grasp the meaning

unlikely to understand the metaphor
familiar with the metaphor’s meaning
able to analyze the metaphor instinctively
encouraged to ignore the metaphor altogether

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12.
zb1 2) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으
로 가장 적절한 것은?

The best defence most species of octopus have is

to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the
shallows in daylight (A) [was / were] a surprise for [연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 33번]
two Australian underwater photographers. Actually,
14. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
what they saw at first was a flounder. It was only
z b1 4)

when they looked again that they saw a When I worked for a large electronics company
medium-sized octopus, with all eight of its arms (B) that manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon
[folded / folding] and its two eyes staring upwards to discovered why there are often three versions of
create the illusion. An octopus has a big brain, many consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes
excellent eyesight and the ability to change colour only one version of its product, people who bought it
and pattern, and this one was using these assets to might have been willing to spend more money, so
turn itself into a completely different creature. Many the company is losing some income. If the
more of this species have (C) [found / been found] company offers two versions, one with more features
since then, and there are now photographs of and more expensive than the other, people will
octopuses that could be said to be transforming into compare the two models and still buy the less
sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ― expensive one. But if the company introduces a third
producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly model with even more features and more expensive
developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a than the other two, sales of the second model go up;
hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding there. many people like the features of the most expensive
model, but not the price. Some may prioritize the
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
features of a product over its price, but this can
(A) (B) (C) lead to poor purchasing decisions. The middle
was folded found item has more features than the least expensive one,
and it is less expensive than the fanciest model.
was folding been found
They buy the middle item, unaware that they have
was folded been found been manipulated by the presence of the
were folding been found higher-priced item.
were folded found

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13.
zb1 3) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

How much we suffer relates to how we frame

the pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
themselves into extreme pain to win a race―their
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer
much. In fact, ultra-marathon runners―those people
who are crazy enough to push themselves beyond
the normal boundaries of human endurance,
covering distances of 50-100km or more over many
hours, talk about making friends with their pain.
When a patient has paid for some form of passive
back pain therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply
into a painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise
them, the patient calls that good pain if he or she
believes this type of deep pressure treatment will be
of value, even though the practitioner is pushing
right into the patient’s sore tissues.

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15.
zb1 5) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 17.
z b1 7) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
적절한 곳은? 적절한 곳은?

But when the temperature rises by three or four It was a matter of survival, physically and
more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to feel genetically.
isolated from its impacts.

As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on

On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, how well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation group valued us, we could count on support,
may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
genre ―indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story get none of these merits. ( ) Over millions of
of warming, which could grow too large and too years, the pressure selected for people who are
obvious even for Hollywood. ( ) You can tell sensitive to and skilled at maximizing their standing.
stories ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a ( ) The result was the development of a tendency
marginal feature of human life. ( ) And so as to unconsciously monitor how other people in our
climate change expands across the horizon, it may community perceive us. ( ) We process that
cease to be a story. ( ) Why watch or read information in the form of self-esteem and such
climate fiction about the world you can see plainly related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. (
out your own window? ( ) At the moment, stories ) These emotions compel us to do more of what
illustrating global warming can still offer an escapist makes our community value us and less of what
pleasure, even if that pleasure often comes in the doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make that
form of horror. ( ) But when we can no longer motivation feel like it is coming from within. ( ) If
pretend that climate suffering is distant —in time or we realized, on a conscious level, that we were
in place ―we will stop pretending about it and start responding to social pressure, our performance might
pretending within it. come off as grudging or cynical, making it less
persuasive.
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* grudging: 투덜대는
16.
zb1 6) 다음 글을 읽고 아래 질문에 대한 답에 해당 하는
것을 모두 찾아 우리말로 작성하시오.

Today, the water crisis is political - which is to

say, not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix -
and, therefore, functionally elective. That is one
reason it is nevertheless distressing: an abundant
resource made scarce through governmental neglect
and indifference, bad infrastructure and
contamination, and careless urbanization. There is no
need for a water crisis, in other words, but we have
one anyway, and aren’t doing much to address it.
Some cities lose more water to leaks than they
deliver to homes: even in the United States, leaks
and theft account for an estimated loss of 16 percent
of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent.
Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the selective
scarcity clearly highlights have-and-have-not
inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe
drinking water and 4.5 billion without proper
sanitation worldwide.

* elective: 선택의

Q: What made an abundant resource scarce?

Answer: ________________________________________
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18. 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
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19.
zb1 8)

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

은?
z b1 9)

Conventional medicine has long believed that The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. (A)_________, there is assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
a major problem with this explanation. This is However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
because the imbalance of substances in the brain is science that is devoted to understanding people: how
a consequence of depression, not its cause. and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
(B)_________, depression causes a decrease in brain do; and how we interact with one another. The key
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on
a decrease in brain substances causes depression. In opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted
this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe views of society at the time, or even the considered
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes evidence, to make sure that psychological ideas are
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no firmly based, and not just derived from generally
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
consciousness itself, then the root cause of evidence-based approach, psychology deals with
depression is also a distortion of our state of fundamental processes and principles that generate
consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its our rich cultural and social diversity, as well as
sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a disease those shared by all human beings. These are what
of consciousness may manifest itself in the form of modern psychology is all about.
depression. 사회에 떠도는 인간 본성에 대한 흔한 설명과 심리학은 다
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 르다.
** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다 심리학은 사람들의 행동, 상호 작용 등을 이해하는 데 전념
하는 과학 분야이다.
(A) (B)
심리학자들은 당대의 사회에서 일반적으로 받아들여지는
As a consequence In contrast
견해에 의존하는 경향이 있다.
As a result That is
심리학자들은 개념이 확고하게 기반을 두고 있는지 확신하
However In other words 기 위해 증거를 찾는다.
Though Moreover 심리학은 모든 인간에 의해 공유되는 근본적인 과정과 원
For instance Furthermore 리를 다룬다.

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20.
zb2 0) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 22.
z b2 2) 밑줄 친 This가 의미하는 바를 우리말로 작성하시
적절하지 않은 것은? 오.

Life is what physicists might call a From an early age, we assign purpose to objects
‘high-dimensional system,’ which is their fancy way and events, preferring this reasoning to random
of saying that there’s a lot going on. In just a single chance. Children assume, for instance, that pointy
cell, the number of possible interactions between rocks are that way because they don’t want you to
different molecules is enormous. Such a system can sit on them. When we encounter something, we first
only hope to be stable if only a smaller number need to determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate
of collective ways of being may emerge. For example, objects and plants generally do not move and can be
it is only a limited number of tissues and body evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
shapes that may result from the development of a intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
human embryo. In 1942, the biologist Conrad make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of
Waddington called this drastic narrowing of outcomes that being. This was essential in our hunter-gatherer
canalization. The organism may switch between a days to avoid being eaten by predators.
small number of well-defined possible states, but
The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
can’t exist in random states in between them,
that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
rather as a ball in a rough landscape must roll to
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
the bottom of one valley or another. We’ll see that
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
this is true also of health and disease: there are
processes which we understand. Ambiguous events
many causes of illness, but their manifestations at
are caused by such agents. This results in a
the physiological and symptomatic levels are often
perceptual system strongly biased towards
strikingly different.
anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인 intention even where there is none. This would have
arisen as a survival mechanism. If a lion is about to
attack you, you need to react quickly, given its
probable intention to kill you. By the time you have
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realized that the design of its teeth and claws could
kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without
21. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
detailed design analysis or understanding of the
zb2 1)

적절한 곳은?
physics, has saved your life.
In this way, any parent can avoid
* ambiguous: 모호한
trick-punishments.
** anthropomorphism: 의인화

Punishing a child may not be effective due to what

Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls Answer: ________________________________________
‘trick-punishments.’ A trick-punishment is a scolding, ________________________________________________
a moment of anger or a punishment in the most
classic sense of the word. ( ) Instead of
discouraging the child from doing something, it
encourages them to do it. ( ) For example, Hugh
learns that when he hits his little brother, his mother
scolds him. For a child who feels lonely, being
scolded is much better than feeling invisible, so he
will continue to hit his brother. In this case, his
mother would be better adopting a different strategy.
( ) For instance, she could congratulate Hugh
when he has not hit his brother for a certain length
of time. ( ) The mother clearly cannot allow the
child to hit his little brother, but instead of
constantly pointing out the negatives, she can choose
to reward the positives. ( )

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23.
zb2 3) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 24.
z b2 4) 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Once long ago, deep in the Himalayas, there lived To the State Education Department,
a little panda. He was as ordinary as all the other
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
pandas. He was completely white from head to toe.
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
His two big ears, his four furry feet and his cute
School. Our school needs additional spaces to
round nose were all frosty white, leaving him feeling
provide a fully functional Art and Library Media
ordinary and sad. Unlike the cheerful and contented
Center to serve our students in a more meaningful
pandas around him, he desired to be distinctive,
way. Despite submitting all required
special, and unique.
documentation for funding to your department in
Driven by the desire for uniqueness, the little April 2024, we have not yet received any notification
panda sought inspiration from his distant cousin, a from your department. A delay in the process can
giant white panda covered with heavenly black carry considerable consequences related to the
patches. But the cousin revealed the patches were school’s budgetary constraints and schedule. The
from an unintended encounter with mud, and he process of reviewing the documentation has disrupted
disliked them. Disappointed, the little panda the schedule and created unnecessary delays.
walked home. On his way, he met a red-feathered Therefore, in order to proceed with our project, we
peacock, who explained he turned red from eating request you notify us of the review result regarding
wild berries. the submitted documentation. I look forward to
hearing from you.
The little panda changed his path and hurried to
the nearest berry bush, greedily eating a mouthful of Respectfully,
juicy red berries. However, they were so bitter he
Clara Smith
couldn’t swallow even one. At dusk, he finally got
home and slowly climbed his favorite bamboo tree. Principal, Fort Montgomery High School
There, he discovered a strange black and red flower
with a sweet scent that tempted him to eat all its
blossoms. [연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 19번]

The following morning, under sunny skies, the little 25.

z b2 5) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
panda felt remarkably better. During breakfast, he 적절한 곳은?
found the other pandas chatting enthusiastically and But when his next words hit my ears, everything
asked why. They burst into laughter, exclaiming, changed.
“Look at yourself!” Glanced down, he discovered
his once white fur was now stained jet black and
glowing red. He was overjoyed and realized that, As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
rather than by imitating others, his wishes can come fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
true from unexpected places and genuine “David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell
experiences. me something important. ( ) He was going to
select me to be the captain of the team, the leader I
had always wanted to be. ( ) My heart was racing
with anticipation. ( ) “We’re going to have to send
you home,” he said coldly. “I don’t think you are
going to make it.” ( ) I couldn’t believe his
decision. I tried to hold it together, but inside I was
falling apart. ( ) A car would be waiting tomorrow
morning to take me home. And just like that, it was
over.

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26.
zb2 6) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

For many of us, making time for exercise is a

_____________________. Between work commitments
and family obligations, it often feels like there’s no
room in our packed schedules for a dedicated
workout. But what if the workout came to you, right
in the midst of your daily routine? That’s where the
[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 22번]
beauty of integrating mini-exercises into household
28. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으
chores comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are
z b2 8)

로 가장 적절한 것은?
inevitable. Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out
the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted
life. But rather than viewing chores as purely experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found
obligatory activities, why not seize these moments as evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features
opportunities for physical activity? For instance, and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can
practice squats or engage in some wall push-ups as actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s
you wait for your morning kettle to boil. when people find (A) [them / themselves] unable to
Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores explain why they recognize the person, saying things
can improve your health. like “his face just popped out at me,” that they tend
to be accurate more often. Sometimes our first,
recurring success
immediate, automatic reaction to a situation is the
significant routine truest interpretation of (B) [what / which] our mind
continuing challenge is telling us. That very first impression can also be
minor inconvenience more (C) [accurate / accurately] about the world
than the deliberative, reasoned self-narrative can be.
common misunderstanding
In his book Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a
variety of studies in psychology and behavioral
economics that demonstrate the superior
performance of relatively unconscious first guesses
[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 21번]
compared to logical step-by-step justifications for a
27.
zb2 7) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
decision.
적절하지 않은 것은?
(A) (B) (C)
When we see something, we naturally and
them what accurate
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
concepts that we have learned through education. We themselves what accurately
recode what we see through the lens of everything themselves what accurate
we know. We reconstruct memories rather than themselves which accurately
retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful
them which accurate
trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information
―a bit like an optimal image compression algorithm
such as JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image
file. People who lack this ability and remember
everything in perfect detail struggle to generalize,
learn, and make connections between what they have
learned. But representing the world as abstract
ideas and features comes at a cost of seeing the
world as it is. Instead, we see the world through our
assumptions, motivations, and past experiences.
The discovery that our memories are reconstructed
through abstract representations rather than played
back like a movie completely enhanced the legal
primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not
believing.

* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성

[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 23번]

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29. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 24번]

30.
zb2 9)

z b3 0) 다음 글을 읽고 아래 질문에 대한 답을 우리말로 작
Many forms of research lead naturally to 성하시오.
quantitative data. A study of happiness might
measure the number of times someone smiles during The evolution of AI is often associated with the
an interaction, and a study of memory might concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point
measure the number of items an individual can at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that
recall after one, five, and ten minutes. Asking people point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve
how many times in a year they are sad will also itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI
yield quantitative data, but it might not be reliable. becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it will
Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and
their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely. But human consciousness will then begin to evolve
asking “How many times in the past year were you together. Our consciousness will evolve to new
sad enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a dimensions through our interactions with AI, which
concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking people will provide us with intellectual stimulation and
to rate how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How inspire new insights and creativity. Conversely, our
many of your utility bills are you currently late in consciousness also has a significant impact on the
paying, even though you can afford to pay them?” evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will
Questions that ________________________ help make depend greatly on what values and ethics we
abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship
from one study to the next. with AI as a mutual coexistence of conscious beings,
recognizing its rights and supporting the evolution of
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람 its consciousness.
focus on abstract ideas
seek concrete responses Q: How is the evolution of AI significantly influenced
ask for personal opinions by our consciousness?

prompt emotional reactions

prioritize subjective experiences Answer: ________________________________________
________________________________________________

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31.
zb3 1) 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? 32.
z b3 2) Douglas Kirkland에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하
지 않는 것은?

Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic

portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in
Toronto, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly
awaited the weekly arrival of Life magazine and
discussed the photographs the magazine contained
with his father. Believing that he would have better
career prospects, Kirkland moved to the United
States after graduating from high school and found
work at a photography studio. When Look magazine
hired him at age 24, he became their
second-youngest photographer ever. His photos taken
of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became iconic almost
instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks shooting
day-to-day life across the United States and his
weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays could
The above graph shows the electricity generation run up to a dozen pages and were seen by more
from fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewables in than half of all Americans.
four countries in 2023. Australia’s electricity
할리우드 유명 인사의 매우 예술적인 인물 사진으로 알려
generation only comes from fossil fuels and
져 있다.
renewables, and the percentage of fossil fuels is
more than twice that of renewables. In terms of 캐나다 토론토에서 태어났다.
electricity generation from nuclear energy, the U.S. 어렸을 때 매주 “Life” 잡지의 도착을 간절히 기다렸다.
shows the highest percentage among all four 더 나은 직업 전망이 있을 것이라고 믿었다.
countries. The percentage of electricity generation
일주일 내내 미국 전역에서 보내면서 일상의 삶을 찍었다.
from fossil fuels in the U.S. is higher than that in
the U.K., which is not true for renewables. In the
U.K., the percentage of electricity generated from
[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 29번]
nuclear energy is less than a third of that generated
from renewables. U.K.’s percentage of electricity
33.
z b3 3) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
generated from renewables is 10 percentage points
larger than that of Australia and the U.S. combined. Digital technologies are essentially related to
metaphors, but digital metaphors are different
from linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic
metaphors are passive, in the sense that the
audience needs to choose to actively enter the world
proposed by metaphor. In the Shakespearean
metaphor “time is a beggar,” the audience is
unlikely to understand the metaphor without
cognitive effort and without further engaging
Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on
the other hand, are active (and often imposing) in
the sense that they are realized in digital artifacts
that are actively doing things, forcefully changing
a user’s meaning horizon. Technological creators
cannot generally afford to require their potential
audience to wonder how the metaphor works;
normally the selling point is that the usefulness of
the technology is obvious at first glance.
Shakespeare, on the other hand, is beloved in part
because the meaning of his works is not immediately
obscure and requires some thought on the part of
the audience.

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34.
zb3 4) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 36.
z b3 6) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으
로 가장 적절한 것은?
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive How much we suffer relates to how we frame the
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
answers independent, we distribute the themselves into extreme pain to win a race―their
computation across the population and solve the muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
answer slowly, generation by generation. Then all we oxygen deficit, they don’t (A) [psychological /
have to do is socially learn the right answers. psychologically] suffer much. In fact, ultra-marathon
You don’t need to understand how your computer or runners―those people who are crazy enough to push
toilet works; you just need to be able to use the themselves beyond the normal boundaries of human
interface and flush. All that needs to be endurance, covering distances of 50-100km or more
transmitted is which button to push ―essentially how over many hours, (B) [talk / talking] about making
to interact with technologies rather than how they friends with their pain. When a patient has paid for
work. And so instead of holding more information some form of passive back pain therapy and the
than we have mental capacity for and indeed need to practitioner pushes deeply into a painful part of a
know, we could dedicate our large brains to a small patient’s back to mobilise it, the patient calls that
piece of a giant calculation. We understand things good pain if he or she believes this type of deep
well enough to benefit from them, but all the pressure treatment will be of value, (C) [in spite of /
while we are making small calculations that even though] the practitioner is pushing right into
contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our the patient’s sore tissues.
part in a larger computation for our societies’
(A) (B) (C)
collective brains.
psychological talk in spite of
psychologically talk even though
[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 31번] psychologically talk in spite of
35.
zb3 5) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 psychologically talking even though
적절한 곳은? psychological talking in spite of
So to find one in full view in the shallows in
daylight was a surprise for two Australian underwater
photographers.

The best defence most species of octopus have is

to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
hunting at night. ( ) Actually, what they saw at
first was a flounder. ( ) It was only when they
looked again that they saw a medium-sized octopus,
with all eight of its arms folded and its two eyes
staring upwards to create the illusion. ( ) An
octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the
ability to change colour and pattern, and this one
was using these assets to turn itself into a
completely different creature. ( ) Many more of
this species have been found since then, and there
are now photographs of octopuses that could be said
to be transforming into sea snakes. ( ) And while
they mimic, they hunt ―producing the spectacle of,
say, a flounder suddenly developing an octopodian
arm, sticking it down a hole and grabbing whatever’s
hiding there.

* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다

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37.
zb3 7) (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 표현으 38.
z b3 8) 밑줄 친 pretending within it이 다음 글에서 의미
로 가장 적절한 것은? 하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

When I worked for a large electronics company On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
that manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
discovered why there are often three versions of may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction
many consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes genre ―indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story
only one version of its product, people who bought it of warming, which could grow too large and too
might have been (A) [willing / reluctant] to spend obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories
more money, so the company is losing some income. ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal
If the company offers two versions, one with more feature of human life. But when the temperature
features and more expensive than the other, people rises by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone
will compare the two models and still buy the less will be able to feel isolated from its impacts. And so
expensive one. But if the company introduces a third as climate change expands across the horizon, it
model with even more features and more expensive may cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate
than the other two, sales of the second model go (B) fiction about the world you can see plainly out your
[up / down]; many people like the features of the own window? At the moment, stories illustrating
most expensive model, but not the price. The middle global warming can still offer an escapist pleasure,
item has more features than the least expensive one, even if that pleasure often comes in the form of
and it is less expensive than the fanciest model. horror. But when we can no longer pretend that
They buy the middle item, (C) [aware / unaware] that climate suffering is distant —in time or in place ―we
they have been manipulated by the presence of the will stop pretending about it and start pretending
higher-priced item. within it.

(A) (B) (C) ignoring climate change entirely

willing up aware experiencing climate change firsthand
willing down unaware avoiding discussions about climate issues
willing up unaware imagining a future without climate change
reluctant down unaware simplifying climate change to a single event
reluctant up aware

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39. zb3 9) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 40.

z b4 0) 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
적절한 곳은?
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on
That is one reason it is nevertheless distressing. ______________________________ in a group. If the
group valued us, we could count on support,
resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
Today, the water crisis is political ―which is to
get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
say, not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix―
physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the
and, therefore, functionally elective. ( ) An
pressure selected for people who are sensitive to and
abundant resource was made scarce through
skilled at maximizing their standing. The result was
governmental neglect and indifference, bad
the development of a tendency to unconsciously
infrastructure and contamination, and careless
monitor how other people in our community perceive
urbanization. ( ) There is no need for a water
us. We process that information in the form of
crisis, in other words, but we have one anyway, and
self-esteem and such related emotions as pride,
aren’t doing much to address it. ( ) Some cities
shame, or insecurity. These emotions compel us to
lose more water to leaks than they deliver to homes.
do more of what makes our community value us and
( ) Even in the United States, leaks and theft
less of what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant
account for an estimated loss of 16 percent of
to make that motivation feel like it is coming from
freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent. (
within. If we realized, on a conscious level, that we
) Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the selective
were responding to social pressure, our performance
scarcity clearly highlights have-and-have-not
might come off as grudging or cynical, making it less
inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe
persuasive.
drinking water and 4.5 billion without proper
sanitation worldwide. * grudging: 투덜대는

* elective: 선택의 how physically strong we were

how often we challenged authority
how quickly we adapted to change
how well we navigated relationships
how creatively we expressed ourselves

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41.
zb4 1) 밑줄 친 this revised cause-and-effect가 의미하 43.
z b4 3) 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
는 바를 우리말로 작성하시오. 적절한 곳은?

Conventional medicine has long believed that In 1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called
depression is caused by an imbalance of this drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization.
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a
major problem with this explanation. This is because
Life is what physicists might call a
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a
‘high-dimensional system,’ which is their fancy way
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other
of saying that there’s a lot going on. ( ) In just a
words, depression causes a decrease in brain
single cell, the number of possible interactions
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not
between different molecules is enormous. ( ) Such
a decrease in brain substances causes depression. In
a system can only hope to be stable if only a smaller
this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe
number of collective ways of being may emerge. (
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our
) For example, it is only a limited number of tissues
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes
and body shapes that may result from the
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no
development of a human embryo. ( ) The
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not
organism may switch between a small number of
consciousness itself, then the root cause of
well-defined possible states, but can’t exist in
depression is also a distortion of our state of
random states in between them, rather as a ball in a
consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its
rough landscape must roll to the bottom of one
sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a disease
valley or another. ( ) We’ll see that this is true
of consciousness may manifest itself in the form of
also of health and disease: there are many causes of
depression.
illness, but their manifestations at the physiological
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 and symptomatic levels are often strikingly similar.
** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인

Answer: ________________________________________
________________________________________________

[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 38번]

42.
zb4 2) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The common accounts of human nature that float

around in society is generally a mixture of
assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
science that is devoted to understanding people:
how and why we act as we do; why we see things as
we do; and how we interact with one another. The
key word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t
depend on opinions and hearsay, or the generally
accepted views of society at the time, or even the
considered opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they
look for evidence, to make sure that psychological
ideas are firmly based, and not just derived from
generally held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to
this evidence-based approach, psychology deals with
fundamental processes and principles that
generate our rich cultural and social diversity, as
well as those shared by all human beings. These are
what modern psychology is all about.

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44.
zb4 4) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 45.
z b4 5) 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
적절하지 않은 것은? 은?

Punishing a child may not be effective due to From an early age, we assign purpose to objects
what Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls and events, preferring this reasoning to random
‘trick-punishments.’ A trick-punishment is a scolding, chance. Children assume, (A)__________, that pointy
a moment of anger or a punishment in the most rocks are that way because they don’t want you to
classic sense of the word. Instead of discouraging the sit on them. When we encounter something, we first
child from doing something, it encourages them to need to determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate
do it. For example, Hugh learns that when he hits objects and plants generally do not move and can be
his little brother, his mother scolds him. For a child evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
who feels lonely, being scolded is much better than intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
feeling visible, so he will continue to hit his make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of
brother. In this case, his mother would be better that being. This was essential in our hunter-gatherer
adopting a different strategy. For instance, she days to avoid being eaten by predators.
could congratulate Hugh when he has not hit his
The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
brother for a certain length of time. The mother
that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
clearly cannot allow the child to hit his little brother,
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
but instead of constantly pointing out the negatives,
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
she can choose to reward the positives. In this way,
processes which we understand. Ambiguous events
any parent can avoid trick-punishments.
are caused by such agents. This results in a
perceptual system strongly biased towards
anthropomorphism. (B)_________, we tend to assume
intention even where there is none. This would have
arisen as a survival mechanism. If a lion is about to
attack you, you need to react quickly, given its
probable intention to kill you. By the time you have
realized that the design of its teeth and claws could
kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without
detailed design analysis or understanding of the
physics, has saved your life.

* ambiguous: 모호한

** anthropomorphism: 의인화

furthermore In other words

moreover That is
however As a consequence
for instance Therefore
for example In contrast

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[연계문항 2024년 10월 교육청(고1) 43~45번]

46.
zb4 6) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?

Once long ago, deep in the Himalayas, there lived

a little panda. He was as ordinary as all the other
pandas. He was completely white from head to toe.
His two big ears, his four furry feet and his cute
round nose were all frosty white, leaving him feeling
ordinary and sad. Unlike the cheerful and
contented pandas around him, he desired to be
distinctive, special, and unique.

Driven by the desire for uniqueness, the little

panda sought inspiration from his distant cousin, a
giant white panda covered with heavenly black
patches. But the cousin revealed the patches were
from an unintended encounter with mud, and he
disliked them. Satisfied, the little panda walked
home. On his way, he met a red-feathered peacock,
who explained he turned red from eating wild
berries.

The little panda changed his path and hurried to

the nearest berry bush, greedily eating a mouthful of
juicy red berries. However, they were so bitter he
couldn’t swallow even one. At dusk, he finally got
home and slowly climbed his favorite bamboo tree.
There, he discovered a strange black and red flower
with a sweet scent that tempted him to eat all its
blossoms.

The following morning, under sunny skies, the little

panda felt remarkably better. During breakfast, he
found the other pandas chatting enthusiastically and
asked why. They burst into laughter, exclaiming,
“Look at yourself!” Glancing down, he discovered his
once white fur was now stained jet black and glowing
red. He was overjoyed and realized that, rather than
by imitating others, his wishes can come true from
unexpected places and genuine experiences.

I410-141-24-99-088579876
 고1 19
[정답]
[해설] (A) 사람들이 “그의 얼굴이 그냥 나에게 탁 떠올
랐다”라는 식으로 말하면서 왜 그 사람을 알아보는
지 설명할 수 ‘없는(unable)’ 스스로를 발견하는 바
1 2 3 4 서술형 5
로 그때 그들은 더 자주 정확한 경향이 있다. (B) 바
6 7 8 9 10 로 그 첫인상이 또한 신중하고 논리적인 자기 서사
보다 세상에 대해 ‘더(more)’ 정확할 수 있다. (C)
11 서술형 12 13 14 15
Malcolm Gladwell은 그의 저서 ‘Blink’에서, 결정
16 서술형 17 18 19 20 서술형 에 대한 논리적인 단계적 정당화에 비해서 상대적으
로 ‘무의식적인(unconscious)’ 최초 추측의 우수성
21 22 서술형 23 24 25 을 보여 주는 심리학 및 행동 경제학의 다양한 연구
를 기술한다.
26 27 28 29 30 서술형
[출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
31 32 33 34 35
6)
36 37 38 39 40
[정답]
41 서술형 42 43 44 45 [해설] “지난 1년 동안 직장에 병가를 낼 만큼 슬펐던
적이 몇 번 있었습니까?”라고 묻는 것은 구체적인
46 답변을 유발한다고 한 것으로 보아 구체적인 응답을
요구하는 질문은 추상적인 개념을 더 명확하게 만들
고 한 연구에서 다음 연구 간의 일관성을 보장하는
1) 것을 돕는다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 abstract(추

[정답] 상적인)를 concrete(구체적인) 등으로 바꿔야 한다.

[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
[해설] ‘~하기를 고대하다’라는 뜻의 ‘look forward
to + N’이 쓰였고, 전치사 to 뒤에는 명사(구)가 나
7)
와야 하므로 hear를 동명사 hearing으로 바꿔야 한
[정답]
다.
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘반대로, 우리의 의식 또한 AI의
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
진화에 중대한 영향을 끼친다.’이다. ‘반대로
2) (Conversely)’로 볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 대조 관계의
문장이 나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 우
[정답]
리의 의식은 우리의 AI와의 상호 작용을 통해 새로
[해설] , , , 는 모두 ‘I’인 David를 가리키지만
운 차원으로 진화할 것이며, 이는 우리에게 지적 자
은 코치를 가리킨다.
극을 제공하고 새로운 통찰력과 창의성을 불어넣을
[출제의도] 가리키는 대상이 다른 것을 찾는다.
것이라고 했고, 그 뒤에는 AI 진화의 방향은 우리가
3) 어떤 가치와 윤리를 AI에 통합시키는지에 크게 좌우
[정답] 될 것이라는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그것이 바로 간단한 운동을 집안 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
일에 통합시키는 아름다움이 작동하는 지점이다.’이 [출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
다. ‘그것(That)’으로 볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 that이
8)
가리키는 대상이 나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞
을 보면 만약 여러분의 일상 바로 한가운데에서 운 [정답]

동이 여러분을 찾아온다면 어떨까? 라고 했고, 그 [해설] 미국에서 화석 연료로부터의 전기 생산 비율은 영

국에서의 그것보다 높고, 이것은 핵에너지에도 적용
뒤에는 현실적이 되자는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진
되므로, ‘미국에서 화석 연료로부터의 전기 생산
문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
비율은 영국에서의 그것보다 높고, 이것은 핵에너지
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
에는 적용되지 않는다.’는 도표의 내용과 일치하지
4) 않는다.
[정답] 우리가 기억에서 영상을 생각해 내기보다 기억을 [출제의도] 도표와 일치하지 않는 내용을 파악한다.
재구성한다는 것
9)
[해설] This는 ‘We reconstruct memories rather
[정답]
than retrieving the video from memory.’를 가
[해설] 주절의 동사가 없으므로 being을 주어
리키므로 해당 부분을 해석하여 우리말로 작성한다.
Douglas Kirkland의 동사인 was로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 지칭을 추론한다.
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다.
5)

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
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또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
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20 고1

10) 상승할 때는 아무도 그것의 영향으로부터 고립되었

[정답] 다고 느낄 수 없을 것이다.’이다. ‘하지만(But)’으로
[해설] 셰익스피어는 부분적으로는 그의 작품의 의미가 볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 대조 관계의 문장이 나올 것을
즉각적으로 분명하지 않고 독자 측에서 어느 정도의 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 기후 변화가 여전히
생각을 요구하기 때문에 사랑받는다고 한 것으로 보 인간 삶의 주변적인 특징처럼 보이는 동안에 여러분
아 “시간은 구걸하는 자다”라는 셰익스피어의 은유 은 그것에 ‘관한’ 이야기를 할 수 있을 것이라고 했
에서 독자는 인지적인 노력 없이는 그리고 셰익스피 고, 그 뒤에는 그리고 기후 변화가 지평선을 넘어
어의 산문을 더 끌어들이지 않고는 은유를 이해할 확장될 때 그것은 이야기가 되기를 멈출 것이라는
것 같지 않다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 빈칸에는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것
‘은유를 이해할 것 같지 않는’이 들어가야 한다. 이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다. [출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.

11) 16)
[정답] 우리는 독립적으로 해답을 계산하기 위한 자원이 [정답] 정부의 소홀함과 무관심, 열악한 사회 기반 시설
부족하기 때문에 과 오염, 부주의한 도시화
[해설] 주어진 질문은 우리는 왜 올바른 해답을 사회적으 [해설] 주어진 질문은 무엇이 풍족한 자원을 부족하게 만
로 배워야 하는지를 묻고 있다. 본문에서 우리는 독 들었는지를 묻고 있다. 본문에서 풍족한 자원이 정
립적으로 해답을 계산하기 위한 자원이 부족하기 때 부의 소홀함과 무관심, 열악한 사회 기반 시설과 오
문에 우리는 전체 인구에 걸쳐 복잡한 계산을 분배 염, 부주의한 도시화를 통해 부족하게 되었다고 했
하고 세대에 걸쳐 해답을 천천히 풀어내며, 우리가 으므로, 해당 내용을 우리말로 작성한다.
해야 하는 모든 것은 올바른 해답을 사회적으로 배 [출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
우는 것이라고 했으므로, 해당 내용을 우리말로 작
성한다. 17)
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다. [정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그것은 신체적으로 그리고 유전적
12) 으로 생존의 문제였다.’이다. ‘그것(It)’으로 볼 때,
[정답] 이 문장 앞에 it이 가리키는 대상이 나올 것을 추측
[해설] (A) 주어가 to부정사구고 단수 취급해야 하므로 할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 만약 그 집단이 우리를
was가 들어가야 한다. (B) ‘~한(된) 채로’라는 뜻의 가치 있게 여겼다면 우리는 지원, 자원, 그리고 아
‘with + 명사(구) + 분사’가 쓰였고 명사(구)와 분사 마도 짝을 기대할 수 있었을 것이지만 만약 그렇지
가 수동의 관계이므로 과거분사 folded가 들어가야 않았다면, 우리는 그러한 이점들 중 아무것도 얻지
한다. (C) 주어 many more of this species와 수 못했을 것이라고 했고, 그 뒤에는 수백만 년 동안
동의 관계이므로 ‘수동태(be + 과거분사)’에 맞게 그러한 압박은 자신의 지위를 최대화하는 데 민감하
been found가 들어가야 한다. 고 능숙한 사람들을 선택했다는 내용이 나오므로,
[출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다. 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
13)
[정답] 18)
[해설] a painful part of a patient’s back를 가리 [정답]
키므로 them을 it으로 바꿔야 한다. [해설] (A) 전통적인 의학은 우울증이 뇌의 신경 전달 물
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다. 질의 불균형으로 인해 발생한다고 오랫동안 믿어 왔
다는 내용 뒤에 이 설명에는 중대한 문제가 있다는
14) 내용이 나오므로, 앞 문장과 뒤 문장이 대조 관계임
[정답] 을 알 수 있다. 따라서 However, Though가 들어
[해설] 주어진 글은 소비자 상품에 세 가지 버전이 존재 가야 한다. (B) 뇌 속 물질의 불균형은 우울증의 원
하는 이유와 그로 인해 소비자들이 어떻게 구매 결 인이 아니라 그것의 결과라는 내용 뒤에 우울증이
정을 내리는지에 대한 통찰을 설명하는 내용이다. 세로토닌이나 노르아드레날린과 같은 뇌의 물질의
따라서 ‘어떤 사람들은 가격보다 제품의 기능을 감소를 유발하는 것이지 뇌의 물질의 감소가 우울증
우선시할 수 있지만, 이는 잘못된 구매 결정으로 이 을 유발하는 것이 아니라는 내용이 나오므로, 뒤 문
어질 수 있다.’라는 문장은 글의 흐름과 관계가 없 장이 앞 문장의 내용을 다시 한 번 말해주고 있음을
다. 알 수 있다. 따라서 That is, In other words가 들
[출제의도] 글의 흐름과 무관한 문장을 파악한다. 어가야 한다.
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 연결사를 추론한다.
15)
[정답] 19)
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘하지만 기온이 3도 혹은 4도 이상 [정답]

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-10-23 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
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3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
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 고1 21
[해설] 심리학자들은 의견과 소문, 혹은 당대의 사회 으로 빠르게 뛰었다고 했고, 그 뒤에는 “우리는 너
에서 일반적으로 받아들여지는 견해, 혹은 심지어 를 집으로 보내야만 해.”라고 그가 차갑게 말했다는
심오한 사상가들의 숙고된 의견에 의존하지 않는다. 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다. 이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
20)
[정답] 26)
[해설] 문맥상 “질병의 많은 원인이 있지만, 그것들의 생 [정답]
리적이고 증상적인 수준에서의 발현은 종종 놀랍도 [해설] 업무에 대한 전념과 가족 의무 사이에서, 우리의
록 유사하다”는 흐름이 적절하다. 따라서 빡빡한 일정들에는 운동에 전념할 여유가 없는 것처
different(다른)을 similar(유사한) 등으로 바꿔야 한 럼 종종 느껴진다고 한 것으로 보아 우리 중 다수에
다. 게 운동할 시간을 내는 것은 계속되는 도전이라고
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다. 할 수 있다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ‘계속되는 도전’이
들어가야 한다.
21) [출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘이렇게 어느 부모도 트릭 처벌을 27)
피할 수 있다.’이다. ‘이렇게(In this way)’로 볼 때, [정답]
이 문장 앞에 in this way가 가리키는 대상이 나올 [해설] 세상을 추상적 생각과 특징으로 재현하는 것은 세
것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 어머니는 분명 상을 있는 그대로 보는 것을 희생하여 나온다고 한
아이가 그의 남동생을 때리는 것을 내버려둘 수 없 것으로 보아 우리의 기억이 영화처럼 재생되기보다
고, 그녀는 부정적 측면을 계속 지적하는 대신에 긍 는 추상적 재현을 통해 재구성된다는 발견은 목격자
정적 측면을 보상하는 것을 선택할 수 있다는 내용 증언의 법적 우위성을 완전히 손상시켰다고 할 수
이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가 있다. 따라서 enhanced(향상시켰다)를
장 적절하다. undermined(손상시켰다) 등으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다. [출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.

22) 28)
[정답] 우리는 의도가 없는 곳에서도 의도를 가정하는 경 [정답]
향이 있다는 것 [해설] (A) 주어와 목적어 모두 people을 가리키므로 재
[해설] This는 ‘we tend to assume intention even 귀대명사 themselves가 들어가야 한다. (B) 선행사
where there is none’을 가리키므로 해당 부분을 가 없고 뒤 문장이 불완전하므로 관계대명사 what
해석하여 우리말로 작성한다. 이 들어가야 한다. (C) be의 주격 보어로 주어의 상
[출제의도] 지칭을 추론한다. 태를 설명하는 형용사가 들어가야 하므로 형용사
accurate가 들어가야 한다. 부사는 보어 자리에 들
23) 어갈 수 없다.
[정답] [출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
[해설] 주어 he와 능동의 관계이므로 Glanced를 현
재분사 Glancing으로 바꿔야 한다. 29)
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다. [정답]
[해설] “지난 1년 동안 직장에 병가를 낼 만큼 슬펐던
24) 적이 몇 번 있었습니까?”라고 묻는 것은 구체적인
[정답] 답변을 유발한다고 한 것으로 보아 구체적인 응답을
[해설] 주어진 글은 프로젝트를 진행하기 위해 제출 서류 요구하는 질문은 추상적인 개념을 더 명확하게 만들
에 대한 검토 결과 통지를 요구하는 내용이다. 따라 고 한 연구에서 다음 연구 간의 일관성을 보장하는
서 ‘문서를 검토하는 과정은 일정을 방해하고 불 것을 돕는다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ‘구
필요한 지연을 초래했다.’라는 문장은 글의 흐름과 체적인 응답을 요구하는’이 들어가야 한다.
관계가 없다. [출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
[출제의도] 글의 흐름과 무관한 문장을 파악한다.
30)
25) [정답] AI 진화의 방향은 우리가 어떤 가치와 윤리를 AI
[정답] 에 통합시키는지에 크게 좌우될 것이다.
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그러나 그의 다음 말이 내 귀를 [해설] 주어진 질문은 AI의 진화가 우리의 의식에 어떤
쳤을 때, 모든 것이 변했다.’이다. ‘그러나(But)’로 큰 영향을 받는지를 묻고 있다. 본문에서 AI 진화의
볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 대조 관계의 문장이 나올 것을 방향은 우리가 어떤 가치와 윤리를 AI에 통합시키는
추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 나의 심장이 기대감 지에 크게 좌우될 것이라고 했으므로, 해당 내용을

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
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또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
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22 고1

우리말로 작성한다. 가 없으므로 주어 ultra-marathon runners의 동

[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다. 사인 talk가 들어가야 한다. (C) 뒤에 문장이 나왔으
므로 접속사 even though가 들어가야 한다.
31) [출제의도] 어법상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
[정답]
[해설] 영국의 재생 가능 에너지로부터 생산되는 전기의 37)
비율은 46%, 호주와 미국을 합친 것은 56%였으므 [정답]
로, ‘영국의 재생 가능 에너지로부터 생산되는 [해설] (A) 만약 생산자가 그 제품의 오직 한 가지 버전
전기의 비율은 호주와 미국을 합친 그것보다 10퍼센 만 만든다면 그것을 구매했던 사람들은 ‘기꺼이
트포인트 더 크다.’는 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 (willing)’ 더 많은 돈을 쓰려고 했을 수도 있어서
다. 회사는 일부 수입을 잃을 것이다. (B) 만약 그 회사
[출제의도] 도표와 일치하지 않는 내용을 파악한다. 가 나머지 두 개보다 훨씬 더 많은 기능과 더 비싼
가격을 가진 세 번째 모델을 출시한다면 두 번째 모
32) 델의 판매가 ‘증가한다(up)’. (C) 그들은 자신이 더
[정답] 비싼 가격의 제품의 존재에 의해 조종되었다는 것을
[해설] 미국 전역에서 주중을, 이국적인 장소에서 주 ‘알지 못한(unaware)’ 채 중간 제품을 구입한다.
말을 보내면서 일상의 삶을 찍었다. [출제의도] 문맥상 적절한 표현을 찾는다.
[출제의도] 글의 세부 내용을 파악한다.
38)
33) [정답]
[정답] [해설] 기온이 3도 혹은 4도 이상 상승할 때는 아무도
[해설] “시간은 구걸하는 자다”라는 셰익스피어의 은유에 그것의 영향으로부터 고립되었다고 느낄 수 없을 것
서 독자는 인지적인 노력 없이는 그리고 셰익스피어 이고, 기후 변화가 지평선을 넘어 확장될 때 그것은
의 산문을 더 끌어들이지 않고는 은유를 이해할 것 이야기가 되기를 멈출 것이라고 한 것으로 보아 밑
같지 않다고 한 것으로 보아 셰익스피어는 부분적으 줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바는 ‘기후 변화를 직접
로는 그의 작품의 의미가 즉각적으로 분명하지 않고 경험하는 것’이라고 할 수 있다.
독자 측에서 어느 정도의 생각을 요구하기 때문에 [출제의도] 밑줄 친 부분의 의미를 추론한다.
사랑받는다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 obscure(모호
한)를 obvious(분명한) 등으로 바꿔야 한다. 39)
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다. [정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그것은 그럼에도 불구하고 그것이
34) 괴로운 한 가지 이유이다.’이다. ‘그것(That)’과 ‘그
[정답] 것(it)’으로 볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 that과 it이 가리키
[해설] 동사 compute를 꾸며줘야 하므로 형용사 는 대상이 나올 것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면
independent를 부사 independently로 바꿔야 한 오늘날, 물 위기는 피할 수 없는 것이 아니며 우리
다. 의 바로잡을 수 있는 능력을 넘어서지 않는, 즉 정
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다. 치적인 것이고 따라서 기능적으로 선택적이라고 했
고, 그 뒤에는 풍족한 자원이 정부의 소홀함과 무관
35)
심, 열악한 사회 기반 시설과 오염, 부주의한 도시
[정답]
화를 통해 부족하게 되었다는 내용이 나오므로, 주
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘그래서 낮에 얕은 곳에서 전체가
어진 문장은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
보이는 문어를 발견한 것은 두 명의 호주 수중 사진
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.
작가들에게는 놀라운 일이었다.’이다. ‘그래서(So)’로
볼 때, 이 문장 앞에 이유를 나타내는 문장이 나올 40)
것을 추측할 수 있다. 앞을 보면 대부분의 문어 [정답]
종(種)이 가진 최고의 방어는 가능한 한 많이 숨어 [해설] 만약 집단이 우리를 가치 있게 여겼다면 우리는
있는 것과 밤에 그들 자신의 사냥을 하는 것이라고 지원, 자원, 그리고 아마도 짝을 기대할 수 있었을
했고, 그 뒤에는 사실 그들이 처음에 봤던 것은 넙 것이고, 만약 그렇지 않았다면, 우리는 그러한 이점
치였다는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 에 들 들 중 아무것도 얻지 못했을 것이라고 한 것으로 보
어가는 것이 가장 적절하다. 아 개인으로서 성공하려는 우리의 능력은 우리가 집
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다. 단 내에서 관계를 얼마나 잘 다루는지에 달려 있었
다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ‘우리가 관계
36)
를 얼마나 잘 다루는지’가 들어가야 한다.
[정답]
[출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 표현을 추론한다.
[해설] (A) 동사 suffer를 꾸며줘야 하므로 부사
psychologically가 들어가야 한다. (B) 주절의 동사 41)

◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법 시행령」제33조에 의한 표시 ◇「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」외에도「저작권법」에 의하여 보호되는 콘텐츠의 경우, 그 콘텐츠의 전부
1) 제작연월일 : 2024-10-23 2) 제작자 : 교육지대㈜
또는 일부를 무단으로 복제하거나 전송하는 것은 콘텐츠산업 진흥법 외에도 저작권법에 의한
3) 이 콘텐츠는 「콘텐츠산업 진흥법」에 따라 최초 제작
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 고1 23
[정답] 뇌 속 물질의 불균형은 우울증의 원인이 아니라 수 있다. 따라서 As a consequence, Therefore가
그것의 결과이다. 들어가야 한다.
[해설] this revised cause-and-effect는 ‘the [출제의도] 빈칸에 적절한 연결사를 추론한다.
imbalance of substances in the brain is a
consequence of depression, not its cause’를 46)
가리키므로 해당 부분을 해석하여 우리말로 작성한 [정답]
다. [해설] 독특함에 대한 열망에 사로잡혀 작은 판다는 그의
[출제의도] 지칭을 추론한다. 먼 사촌인 멋진 검은 반점으로 뒤덮인 거대한 흰 판
다로부터 영감을 찾으려 했지만 사촌은 그 반점이
42) 진흙과 의도치 않게 접촉한 결과이며, 그는 그것(반
[정답] 점)을 싫어한다고 밝혔다고 한 것으로 보아 실망한
[해설] 핵심 주어 the common accounts가 복수이 채로 작은 판다는 집으로 걸어갔다고 할 수 있다.
므로 is를 are로 바꿔야 한다. 따라서 Satisfied(만족한)를 Disappointed(실망
[출제의도] 어법상 틀린 표현을 찾는다. 한) 등으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.
43)
[정답]
[해설] 주어진 문장은 ‘1942년에 생물학자 Conrad
Waddington은 이러한 극적인 결과의 축소를 ‘운하
화’라고 불렀다.’이다. ‘이러한 극적인 결과의 축소
(this drastic narrowing of outcomes)’로 볼 때,
이 문장 앞에 this drastic narrowing of
outcomes가 가리키는 대상이 나올 것을 추측할 수
있다. 앞을 보면 예를 들어 인간 배아의 발달로
부터 나올 수 있는 것은 오직 제한된 수의 조직과
신체 형태라고 했고, 그 뒤에는 오히려 울퉁불퉁한
경관에 있는 공이 이 계곡 혹은 또 다른 계곡의 바
닥으로 반드시 굴러가야 하는 것처럼, 유기체는 적
은 수의 명확하게 정의된 가능한 상태 사이에서 바
뀔 수 있지만 그것들 사이에 있는 무작위의 상태로
존재할 수는 없다는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장
은 에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
[출제의도] 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치를 파악한다.

44)
[정답]
[해설] 그는 그의 남동생을 때리는 것을 계속할 것이라고
한 것으로 보아 외로움을 느끼는 아이에게는 꾸중을
듣는 것이 눈에 띄지 않는다고 느끼는 것보다 훨씬
낫다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 visible(눈에 띄는)을
invisible(눈에 띄지 않는) 등으로 바꿔야 한다.
[출제의도] 문맥상 부적절한 어휘를 찾는다.

45)
[정답]
[해설] (A) 어릴 때부터 우리는 사물과 사건에 목적을 부
여하며, 무작위적인 우연보다 이러한 논리를 선호한
다는 내용 뒤에 뾰족한 돌은 아이들이 그 위에 앉기
를 원치 않기 때문에 그것이 그렇게 생겼다고 그들
(아이들)은 가정한다는 내용이 나오므로, 뒤 문장이
앞 문장의 예시임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 for
instance, for example이 들어가야 한다. (B) 이는
의인화에 강하게 편향된 지각 체계로 귀결된다는 내
용 뒤에 우리는 의도가 없는 곳에서도 의도를 가정
하는 경향이 있다는 내용이 나오므로, 앞 문장이 뒤
문장의 원인이자 뒤 문장이 앞 문장의 결과임을 알

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