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    Kinematics

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    Hernan Digo
    KINEMATICS

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kinematics

    Uploaded by

    Hernan Digo
    3 views1 page
    KINEMATICS

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    KINEMATICS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views1 page

    Kinematics

    Uploaded by

    Hernan Digo
    KINEMATICS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Kinematics: Describing Motion

    4. Average acceleration
    A car accelerates on straight road from rest to 75 km/h in 5 s. What
    Mechanics is a branch of Physics that studies about the is the magnitude of its average acceleration?
    relationships among force, matter and motion.
    KINEMATICS, the part of mechanics that enables us to
    describe motion. In the next modules we will study DYNAMICS,
    which relates motion to its causes. For now, we will focus on the
    simplest kind of motion, a body moving along a straight line (one-
    dimensional), and objects that move without rotating. Such motion
    is called TRANSLATIONAL MOTION.
    Any measurement of position, distance, or speed must be
    made with respect to a reference frame or frame of reference.
    This serves as the basis for the measurement of position, distance 5. Car slowing down
    or speed. We get different observations from different reference An automobile is moving to the right along a straight highway, which
    frames. we choose to be the positive x axis. Then the driver steps on the
    You learned from your JHS that there are 3 ways to brakes. If the initial velocity is vi = 15 m/s, and it takes 5 s to slow
    describe motion in a straight line: Speed/Velocity, down to vf =5 m/s, what was the car’s average acceleration?
    Distance/Displacement, and Acceleration. Speed and distance are
    scalar quantities while velocity, displacement and acceleration are
    vector quantities. We already defined that vector quantities are
    quantities having both magnitude and direction, and the direction of
    an object can be based on the Cartesian coordinate system

    Sample Problem about Kinematics The negative sign appears because the final velocity is less than
    1. Runner’s average velocity the initial velocity. In this case the direction of the acceleration is to
    The position of a runner as a function of time is plotted as moving the left (- x direction) even though the velocity is always pointing to
    along the x axis of a coordinate system. During a 3s time interval, the right.
    the runner’s position changes from x1 = 50 m to x2 = 30.5 m. What TRY THIS!
    is the runner’s average velocity? 1. An ant starts at x = 20 cm on a piece of graphing paper and walks
    along the x axis to x = -20cm. It then turns around and walks back
    to x = -10 cm. Determine (a) the ant’s displacement and (b) the ant’s
    distance traveled
    2. A car moves along the x axis. What is the sign of the car’s
    The displacement and average velocity are negative, which tells us that the runner acceleration if it is moving in the positive x direction with (a)
    is moving to the left along the - x axis.
    The runner’s velocity is 6.5 m/s to the left. increasing speed or (b) decreasing speed? What is the sign of the
    car’s acceleration if it is moving in the negative x direction with (a)
    2. Distance a cyclist travel increasing speed or (b) decreasing speed?
    How far can a cyclist travel in 2.5 h along a straight road if her Check your answer: 1. (a) -30 cm (b) 50 cm; 2. (a) + (b) –
    average velocity 18 km/h?
    Task 1:
    Use the equations discussed above to solve these problems. Show
    your complete solution.
    1. A particle at t1 = - 2s is at x1 = 4.8cm and at t2 = 4.5s at x2 = 8.5cm.
    What is the average velocity over this time interval?
    2. A sports car accelerates from rest to 95 km/h in 4.3s. What is its
    average acceleration in m/s2?

    3. Car changes speed


    A car travels at a constant 50 km/h for 100 km. It then speeds up to
    100 km/h and is driven another 100 km. What is the car’s average
    speed for the 200-km trip?

    Note: Averaging the two speeds by dividing it by 2 will give you the wrong
    answer. You must use the definition for average speed.

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