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高翻考研
 2021 年北外高翻 MTI 考研初试真题

一、翻译硕士英语

第一题：阅读理解（20 分）

温馨提示：我们暂时还没有找到阅读材料的出处，为了让大家更全面地了解真题，
我们在这里提供几位同学发来的回忆版，原汁原味。与此同时，我们还附上与考
题相似的补充材料，供大家参考。

材料标题为 The Economy，读完文章后围绕基本经济学概念，做五道选择题。

1. What is economy?

2. What is barter?

3. What is money?

4. How to define market economy?

5. How is the US economic system like?

版本 1 & 版本 2 & 版本 3：

第二题：翻译划线句子（30 分）

温馨提示：试卷原文不是现在这样的排版，这里只是为了方便大家阅读，使用了

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常规的排版方式，并且插入配图。

The 90% economy, revisited1

A recovery is taking shape—but it is extraordinarily uneven

The WORST day of the covid-19 pandemic, at least from an economic perspective, was
Good Friday. On April 10th lockdowns in many countries were at their most severe,
confining people to their homes and crushing activity. Global GDP that day was 20%
lower than it would otherwise have been (see chart 1). Since then governments have
lifted lockdowns. Economies have begun to recover. Analysts are pencilling in global
GDP growth of 7% or more in the third quarter of this year, compared with the second.

That may all sound remarkably V-shaped, but the world is still a long way from normal.
Governments continue to enforce social-distancing measures to keep the virus at bay.
These reduce output—by allowing fewer diners in restaurants at a time, say, or banning
spectators from sports arenas. People remain nervous about being infected. Economic
uncertainty among both consumers and firms is near record highs—and this very
probably explains companies’ reluctance to invest (see chart 2).

Calculations by Goldman Sachs, a bank, suggest that social-distancing measures

continue to reduce global GDP by 7-8%—roughly in line with what The Economist
argued in April, when we coined the term “90% economy” to describe what would
happen once lockdowns began to be lifted. Yet although the global economy is

1
此标题在网页版中为引题，原文主题为“Is the world economy recovering?”参考链接：
https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2020/09/16/is-the-world-economy-recovering

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operating at about nine-tenths capacity, there is a lot of variation between industries
and countries. Some are doing relatively—and surprisingly—well, others dreadfully.

Take the respective performance of goods and services. Goods have bounced back fast.
Global retail sales had recovered their pre-pandemic level by July, according to research
by JPMorgan Chase, another bank. Armed with $2trn-worth of cash handouts from
governments since the virus struck, consumers across the world have stocked up on
things to make it bearable to be at home more often, from laptops to dumbbells, which
partly explains why world trade has held up better than economists had expected.
Global factory output has made up nearly all the ground it lost during the lockdowns.
Services activity is a lot further below its pre-pandemic level, largely because such
industries are vulnerable to people avoiding crowds. The number of diners in
restaurants remains 30-40% lower than normal worldwide, according to data from
OpenTable, a booking platform. The number of scheduled flights is about half what it
was just before the pandemic struck.

The variation in economic performance between countries is even more striking. It is

common for growth rates to diverge in downturns. But the size of this year’s collapse
in output means that the differences between countries’ growth rates are enormous. On
September 16th the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, issued fresh economic
forecasts. Like other forecasters—such as the Federal Reserve, which on the same day
published new projections for the American economy—it has become less gloomy in
recent months.

Still, the growth gap between best and worst performers in the G7 group of countries
in 2020 is expected to be 6.7 percentage points, far wider than that during the last global
downturn a decade ago. Of the big economies, only China is set to expand in 2020.
Some countries, such as America and South Korea, face a downturn but hardly a

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catastrophic one (see chart 3). Britain, by contrast, looks to be in line for its deepest
recession since the Great Frost of 1709.

Some economists contend that the huge gap between countries is a statistical mirage,
reflecting different methods of computing GDP figures. In Britain, for instance, the way
statisticians tot up government spending means that school closures and cancelled
hospital appointments have a bigger impact on GDP than elsewhere. But this effect is
small—the bulk of the fall in output has come from the private sector.

Instead, performance comes down to three factors. The first is industrial composition.
Countries such as Greece and Italy, which rely on retail and hospitality, always looked
more vulnerable than, say, Germany. Its large manufacturing sector has benefited from
the global goods recovery.

Second is confidence, which appears to be determined by a country’s experience under

lockdown. Britain’s poor economic performance is likely to be related to the
government’s poor handling of the pandemic. Britons seem more nervous than other
Europeans about venturing outside.

The third factor is stimulus. America’s lawmakers may be unable to agree on a top-up,
but they have already enacted the world’s largest rescue package, relative to the size of
its economy. The OECD thinks it will be one of the better-performing rich countries
this year.

What next for the 90% economy? Some authorities have been forced to order further
lockdowns. But others may be able to calibrate social-distancing measures better
without jeopardising output. That might bring the world closer to, say, a 95% economy.
Indeed, the OECD expects global GDP to recover further this year.

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It may be tempting to think that a vaccine, if it could be rolled out widely enough, would
quickly restore normality. But there will be scars. Firms’ reluctance to invest today will
mean less productive capital in the future. A growing number of American workers
believe they will not be returning to their old jobs. Reallocating redundant resources
towards more productive firms will take time. The Fed’s rate-setters reckon
unemployment will not return to its pre-pandemic rate of 4% until 2023; analysts at
Goldman Sachs think it will do so only in 2025, even though they are optimistic that a
vaccine will soon be widely distributed. Much as the disease itself has long-lasting
effects, the covid-induced downturn will leave the world economy feeling subpar for
some time to come.

第三题：英语表达（10 分）

10 道选择题，选出每句话中最符合英文表达习惯的选项。

根据大家的普遍反映，这一部分的内容与《中式英语之鉴》很相似。

第四题：英文作文（20 分）

2020 年，新冠肺炎疫情在全球多国多点扩散，人类的发展面临严峻挑战。习总书
记指出，病毒不分国界、不分种族，全人类只有共同努力，才能战而胜之。谈谈
你对这句话的理解（200 字）。

第五题：编写英文摘要（20 分）

阅读以下材料，编写 150 词的英文摘要。

“三大攻坚战”，就是中国决定打好防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治
三大攻坚战。按照“木桶原理”，“三大攻坚战”就是补齐我们发展中的三个
最突出的短板，从而确保全面建成小康社会。

一是继续打好防范化解重大风险攻坚战。在中国经济面临的各类风险中，金融
风险尤为突出。我们将坚持稳中求进工作总基调，针对影子银行、地方政府隐
性债务等突出问题，争取在未来 3 年左右时间，使宏观杠杆率得到有效控制，
金融结构适应性提高，金融服务实体经济能力增强，系统性风险得到有效防
范，经济体系良性循环水平上升。我们对打赢这场战役充满信心，思路也非常
明确。从战略上看，我们要坚持在改革和发展中解决前进中的问题。从战术上
看，我们要抓住突出矛盾，解决重点问题。我们有诸多有利条件：中国经济出
现企稳向好态势，基本面长期向好的趋势没有改变；中国未来发展有巨大的潜
能，既包括城市化的潜能，也包括改造传统产业和创新发展的潜能等；中国金
融体系总体健全，储蓄率较高。我们已经开始妥善处置一系列风险因素，从去
年四季度开始，中国的宏观杠杆率增速已经有所下降，这是个好迹象。另外，
各方面的风险防范意识正在强化，“刚性兑付”和“隐性担保”的市场预期正
在改变，这对我们防控金融风险创造了重要的心理条件。需要指出的是，中国

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金融风险的形成有特定的国际背景，其应对也与外部市场变化密切相关，化解
金融风险是稳定全球经济的重要组成部分，我们欢迎国际社会的参与和合作。

二是继续打好精准脱贫攻坚战，大规模减少贫困人口。过去五年，在习近平主
席的领导下，中国打响了力度前所未有的脱贫攻坚战，农村贫困人口数量从约
1 亿人减少到 3000 万左右。未来三年，我们的任务是基本消灭绝对贫困，实现
现行标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫。今年，我们将减少 1000 万绝对贫困人口，
其中包括实现易地搬迁减贫的 280 万人。我们认为，这是对国民收入分配格局
的重大调整，也是中国人权观的具体体现，将为全球减贫事业作出新贡献。

三是继续打好污染防治攻坚战。推动绿色低碳发展是中国人民的强烈愿望，也
是对传统增长方式的调整。未来三年，我们将加大污染防治力度，使主要污染
物排放总量大幅减少，资源消耗强度降低，生态环境质量总体改善，绿色发展
水平明显提升，重点是打赢蓝天保卫战。事实上，我们所做的这件事，就是在
采取具体行动信守应对气候变化的承诺，落实好《巴黎协定》。我们将坚定不
移地把这件事做下去，也希望和国际社会全面加强合作。

胡学长简评：

和往年一样，今年北外真题给人的最大感觉仍然是稳重务实。

翻译硕士英语的新题型，阅读理解与选择，难度适中。材料介绍了经济学中的
几个基本概念，选择题的目的是在于让大家理解材料后，能够辨析这些概念。

因此，单纯从考点的角度来看，这道题和去年的术语填空题是一个道理。2020
年的术语首字母填空，就出现了好几个经济学定义、原理或者是简单示例。比
如，去年有一小题给出的背景信息是猪肉涨价，买的人就少了，需要填的空是
price-e_____。

从形式上看，今年考查的术语之间联系
更紧密，所以背景信息不再是一个两个
没有关联的句子，而是若干段落。再就
是题型改为选择题之后，会比填空稍微
简单一点。

题型的调整也是又一次告诉我们，术语
题绝不能靠背单词随便应付过去，还是
要理解术语背后的知识，知晓术语之间
的联系，学习不能停留在表面。

虽然我们没有找到题目材料的确切出
处，但这里有一本同名的经济学书籍 The
Economy 可以分享给大家，绝对是自学
经济学知识的好材料。

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这本书的作者们创建了一个专业团队，将书中的全部内容做成了网页版在线电
子书的形式。相比传统 epub 或者 mobi 版本的电子书，网页版的 The Economy
制作精良，内容详实，图文并茂，关键词搜索和链接功能也非常方便。这个资
源大家可以好好利用起来。

下面这段关于以物换物（barter）和金钱的解释，就和大家的回忆版真题很贴
近。

参考链接：https://www.core-econ.org/the-economy/book/text/0-3-contents.html

翻译和阅读理解的部分考得不难，选材很友好。今年翻译材料的出处和去年一
样，用的还是 The Economist。去年是 Leaders 版块，今年是 Finance &
economics，讲疫情对经济的影响。

我们一整年的课程里，几乎每门课都讲过、练过相关内容（记得当时还有同学
都说疫情相关的文章已经看得免疫了）。

比如下面是 2020 年 Sistine 学姐的时事分析与外刊阅读课、Dora 学姐的精读课

上的相关 PPT。

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 ▲外刊课带着大家梳理经济学基本概念

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 ▲精读课利用思维导图总结段落大意

所以说还是那句老话，功夫在平时。

一年课程走下来，哪怕一开始你对经济完全不感兴趣，甚至害怕学习经济，到
年末的时候也会不知不觉积累下来很多有用的知识。

英语表达这一小题，分值不多，北外连续两年选用的题型也比较类似，去年是
英文句子改错，今年是选出最优表达。如果你了解《中式英语之鉴》里谈到了
哪些易错点和翻译思路，就不太容易失分。

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英语作文和摘要的选材都是政治外宣类材料，难点在于既需要保留一些中国特
色的说法，整体语句又要符合英文阅读习惯。作文看似考的是疫情下的国际合
作，但实际需要大家围绕着疫情和“人类命运共同体”这个关键词写作，而英
文摘要更类似于编译，需要抓住讲者的中心思想，用英文清晰、明确地概括出
来。

因此，这两道题，我们完全可以参考萝北学长汉译英课程里的内容，大家在准
备英文写作和汉英总结题时，也可以多从汉英翻译中找思路。

▲ 习总书记二十国集团领导人应对
新冠肺炎特别峰会发言《携手抗疫 共克时艰》节选

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二、英语翻译基础

第一题：术语翻译（共 30 分）

英译汉（15 分）

TPP
ECOSOC
UNCTAD
WADA
ROI
CPI
Universiade
Pathogenicity
Fintech
Accrued depreciation
Arbitrage of exchange
Salinity energy
Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary
We-Media
Alpine skiing

汉译英（15）

方舱医院
流调
熔断机制
银保监会
信用证
司法鉴定
日环食
首付
通勤
循环经济
政务公开
燃料电池
素质教育
躺枪
网红

第二题：英汉篇章翻译（50 分）

Eliminating Extreme Poverty Requires Urgent Focus on

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 Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries2

Up to two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor will live in those countries by 2030

Urgent action is needed in countries impacted by fragility, conflict and violence (FCV)
to end extreme poverty globally, according to the World Bank Group. As crisis
situations become increasingly protracted—with dire impacts on people and economies
— the World Bank Group today released an FCV strategy, which for the first time
systematically brings a full suite of financing and expertise to address these challenges
in both low-and-middle income countries.

On the current trajectory, by 2030 up to two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor will live
in fragile and conflict-affected countries, according to a World Bank report also
released today. Bucking the overall trend of a global decrease in extreme poverty, these
countries are seeing sharp increases, threatening decades of progress in the fight against
poverty. Fragile and conflict-affected situations take a huge toll on human capital,
creating vicious cycles that lower people’s lifetime productivity and earnings and
reduce socioeconomic mobility. One in five people in these countries are deprived of
money, education and basic infrastructure simultaneously. And the number of people
living in close proximity to conflict has nearly doubled in the past 10 years.

“Addressing humanitarian crises requires immediate support and long-term

development approaches,” said World Bank Group President David Malpass. “To end
extreme poverty and break the cycle of fragility, conflict, and violence, countries need
to ensure access to basic services, transparent and accountable government institutions,
and economic and social inclusion of the most marginalized communities. These kinds
of investments go hand in hand with humanitarian aid.”

The World Bank Group, founded to support post-conflict reconstruction in Europe after
World War II, now emphasizes working before, during, and after crisis situations to
tackle poverty. It emphasizes prevention by proactively addressing the root causes of
conflict—such as social and economic exclusion, climate change and demographic
shocks—before tensions turn into full-blown crises. During active conflict, it focuses
on building institutional resilience and preserving essential services like health and
education for the most vulnerable communities.

The strategy also emphasizes long-term support to help countries transition out of
fragility, including private sector solutions, such as scaling-up investments in small and
medium enterprises that are essential to create jobs and spur economic growth. It
addresses the cross-border impacts of FCV, for example by focusing on the
development needs of both refugees and host communities.

2 参考链接：https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/02/27/eliminating-extreme-poverty-
requires-urgent-focus-on-fragile-and-conflict-affected-countries

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This institutional shift is backed by increases in financing, both through the World
Bank’s General Capital Increase and through the recently approved replenishment of
IDA, the World Bank’s fund for the poorest countries, which included over $20 billion
for FCV. The Bank and IFC will also make key operational changes, such as deploying
more staff and resources to countries impacted by FCV and partnering with a range of
international and local actors. IFC and MIGA have also committed to significantly
increase their support to private sector investments in economies impacted by FCV.

第三题：汉英篇章翻译（70 分）

“新型消费”加速畅通“内循环”3
回首“双十一”购物节诞生的这十一年，从最初的单身慰问到如今的全民消费狂
欢，今天的“双十一”已经不仅仅是一个购物节日，甚至不只是一种现象级商业
事件。随着“双十一”对供应链辐射的范围越来越广，其可以说已经成为一个提
升社会生产能力的巨大发动机。

近年来，我国经济增长已由主要依靠投资、出口拉动转向依靠消费、投资、出口
协同拉动；而内需更是增长的主动力来源。在全球疫情大流行与经济不确定性并
存的背景下，前三季度中国经济能够在巨大困难中实现“由负转正”，诸多统计
数据已经充分证明，最大的动力源还是来自于内需市场，这也是引爆“双十一”
的巨大底气。

无论是十一线下假日经济的火爆，还是今天的“双十一”线上线下购物狂欢，都
是内需强大势能的最好展现，而这也为扩大内需、打通内循环提供了一个支点。
前不久召开的十九届五中全会就明确指出，未来要坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，
构建完整的内需体系，全面促进消费，拓展投资空间。其中还专门提到“培育新
型消费”，以“双十一”为代表的线上购物，恰恰就是“新型消费”。

随着近年来经济转向高质量发展，居民收入水平也在不断提升，社会对于消费的
需求也在日益多元化和品质化。挖潜庞大内需，打造“新型消费”，首先需要最
大程度覆盖不同层次的消费人群，而“双十一”，恰可以在其中发挥显著作用。

从居民收入结构来看，我国有数量可观的高收入人群、庞大的中等收入群体，同
时低收入人群规模仍然巨大，对于性价比的追求依然存在巨大市场空间。而“双
十一”则可以满足这种条件：海量的消费品中，既包括侧重数量、对价格敏感的
生存型消费品，也包括高品质、个性化的享受型、改善型消费品。毫无疑问，覆
盖面最广且主打低价的“双十一”，将能够同时激活多类型需求，最大程度释放
社会消费能量。

胡学长简评：

英语翻译基础的词条翻译题是老节目了，拿满分很难，大家平时阅读外刊时一定
得留心时事热词，最好自己先整理到本子上或者文档里。

3 参考链接：http://www.xinhuanet.com/comments/2020-11/11/c_1126723668.htm

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 ▲配图为胡学长团队课程资料，请勿二转

考前如果我们做了短期社群活动，也建议大家尽量参加，可以很好地查漏补缺。
比如，像“UNCTAD”“银保监会”这样的机构名，我们在翻硕热词活动中会专
门按主题总结；其他新闻里昙花一现的词，比如日食，也会结合相应新闻一起帮
大家筛选出来。

翻译部分的两篇选材都跟经济挂钩。

英译汉是世界银行集团的一则简讯，信息密度适中，属于“大稿”的范畴。题材
上选择消除极端贫困，也是直接对应了今年的国内外热点。一方面，联合国 2030
可持续发展目标的第一条便是，“到 2030 年，在全球所有人口中消除极端贫困”；
另一方面，消除贫困也呼应了中国要在 2020 年如期完成脱贫任务，打赢决胜战。

汉译英一改前两年的哲学和中国文化考试思路，很接地气地考了一篇新华网社评，
谈双十一消费和经济增长。社评材料我们平时也练得不少，有同学说，考试竟然
有在做作业的感觉。

根据反馈，大家翻译这两篇时，词汇语法方面没有什么障碍，这意味着这篇翻译

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在批改时会更注重语言质量、信息准确，也就是俗话说的“判卷可能会比较严”。

三、汉语写作与百科知识

第一题：词条解释（50 分）

春秋
四夷馆
太学
三清
丁忧
注疏
水墨画
三纲
苏辛
杜丽娘
写本
景泰蓝
靖康之变
人间词话
骆驼祥子
红星照耀中国
泰戈尔
桑巴舞
马六甲海峡
世界卫生组织
IPO
伯希和
慕课
娜拉
奥林匹克标志

第二题：应用文写作（40 分）

以北京外国语大学学生会的名义，写一则 300 至 400 字的文体部招聘新成员的启

事。要求语言准确简洁、有概括性，包含标题、正文、落款。

第三题：议论文写作（60 分）

鉴真应日本留华僧人请求去日本弘扬佛法。十二年间，五次东渡都因海况或官员
阻挠失败。第五次东渡时，日本僧人弟子病逝，鉴真深陷悲痛，后患上重疾，双
目失明。然而，鉴真仍旧坚持第六次东渡。这一次他终于成功，不仅在日本弘扬
了佛法，还传用医药，如今日本仍保留了他当年东渡的遗迹。请根据材料自拟题
目，写一篇论点清晰、论据详实的议论文，不少于 800 字。

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胡学长简评：

汉语写作与百科知识的词条解释也是老生常谈的题型。但要说明的是，词条虽然
是死知识，大家平时积累的时候大可不必那么死板，重在平时多留心积累。大家
可以随着汉语写作课程的节奏去复习，最后再参加一下参加我们组织的社群活动。
我们每年 10 月份前后做的百科词条活动，会直接覆盖北外近些年真题里的词条。

应用文写作很常规，在保证格式正确的前提下，尽量提升语言质量，争取拿高分。

大作文今年考的是材料作文，不管你是否了解鉴真的事迹，只要围绕着“坚持”
这个话题展开论述，应该不太会出现跑题等重大失误。

说到这里，我不免啰嗦两句。

每年说到作文，总有同学问，
“能不能在备考时背高考作文？背诵一些经典例子？”

我理解这种做法，但不认同。

大家在大学里学习了三四年，见识和思维应该都应该大有长进。到研究生考试时，
肯定不能再像写高考作文那样，把议论文当做八股来写了。没有真知灼见，没有
语言功底，汉百大作文几乎不太可能拿高分。130+的得分，甚至 135+，与 120 的
差别便在于此。说得比较直接，可能是因为我还希望备考的同学能认真对待写作，
平时一定要跟着汉语写作课多输入、多思考、多动笔。

以上就是我对 2021 年北外高翻 MTI 考研初试真题的点评，希望对大家有些许帮

助。另外，胡学长团队每年都会开设初试讲座，把这些信息全都说得一清二楚。

我们回见。

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