Intravenous injection is administration of medication into the veins.
SITES OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Sites commonly used are the
1. Veins in ante cubital (median cubical, cephalic and basilica veins)
2. Veins in hand (dorsal meta carpel veins) 3. Veins of forearm (basilic and cephalic vein) 4. Femoral and saphenous vein 5. Veins in radial area (radial veins)
ARTICLES
A clean tray containing,
1. Mackintosh and towel
2. Clean gloves (optional) 3. Spirit 4. Disposable syringe 5ml or 10ml with needles 5. Sterile Cotton swabs and gauze pieces in a bowl 6. Medications in vial or ampoule 7. Medication card 8. Kidney tray 9. Tourniquet 10. Adhesive tapes 11. Small steel tray
PROCEDURE
S.NO STEPS RATIONALE
1 Check the physician’s order 2 Identify the patient Ensures co-operation from patient 3 Explain the procedure to patient 4 Wash hands and put on clean gloves To prevent infection and avoid getting blood in hands 5 Prepare the medication from ampoule or vial and keep it in steel tray 6 Spread mackintosh with towel under To prevent soiling of linen the site 7 Select and examine the veins, Select a vein that is visible, palpable visualize the vein, including the and fixed to the surrounding tissues antecubital area, wrist, dorsum (back) so that it does not roll away of the hand and top of foot (if necessary). Choose the appropriate wide vein to be drawn by touching the skin over the vein in a circular motion. 8 Instruct the patient to extend his arm. Proper positioning increases the Hold the arm straight at the elbow visualization of veins with fist clenched. 9 Apply the tourniquet 5 to 15cms A tourniquet when applied increases above the selected site with just venous pressure and makes the vein sufficient pressure to obstruct venous more prominent and easier to enter flow 10 Cleanse the skin with alcohol swabs Cleansing the skin reduces the (or betadine if alcohol is not available) number of micro organism in a circular motion; centre to periphery. Allow to dry it. 11 Fix chosen vein with thumb and draw The vein may slip and move under the the skin taut immediately below the skin when the needle approaches its site before inserting the needle to outer surface, especially in elderly, stabilize the vein. extreme thin patient and diabetic patient. 12 Hold the syringe between the thumb and last three fingers with the bevel up and directly in line with the course of the vein. Insert the needle quickly and smoothly under the skin into the vein 13 Gently pull back the plunger and see To confirm the needle is in vein. blood is coming back and seen in the barrel 14 Release the tourniquet as soon as possible. 15 Inject the medicines into the vein Immediate pushing of medicine may slowly. cause discomfort to patient 13 Apply sterile gauze piece to puncture Slow withdrawal of the needle is less site without applying pressure and painful and reduces trauma withdraw needle slowly along the line of vein 14 Request patient to apply gentle but Firm pressure over puncture site firm pressure to site for 2-4 minutes prevents leakage of blood into surrounding tissues with subsequent hematoma development 18 Dispose the needle and syringe in Avoids possible spread of blood borne appropriate containers disease Replace the tray with the reusable articles in proper place Assist the client to a position of To facilitate comfort and make comfort him/her relax Remove your gloves and perform To prevent the spread of infection hand hygiene 20 Record the medication administered, Documentation provides coordination dose, date, time, route of of care administration, and IV site on the Site rotation prevents injury to muscle appropriate form. tissue 21 Evaluation the client’s response: Drugs administered parenterally have Check the client's response to the a rapid onset. Assessment of the site medication within an appropriate time. deters any untoward effects Assess the site within 2 to 4 hours after administration
