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    Basic Pneumatic Circuits

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    hassanelbanna745
    PNEUMATICs for beginners

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Basic Pneumatic Circuits

    Uploaded by

    hassanelbanna745
    2 views5 pages
    PNEUMATICs for beginners

    Original Title

    BASIC-PNEUMATIC-CIRCUITS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    PNEUMATICs for beginners

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views5 pages

    Basic Pneumatic Circuits

    Uploaded by

    hassanelbanna745
    PNEUMATICs for beginners

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    BASIC PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

    Introduction
    In this section we present a number of basic pneumatic circuits using
    pneumatic components that have been previously discussed. Pneumatic
    circuits are similar to their hydraulic counterparts. One difference is that
    no return lines are used in pneumatic circuits because the exhausted air is
    released directly into the atmosphere.
    This is depicted by a short dashed line leading from the exhaust port of
    each valve. Also, no input device (such as a pump in a hydraulic circuit)
    is shown, because most pneumatic circuits use a centralized compressor
    as their source of energy. The input to the circuit is located at some
    conveniently located manifold, which leads directly into the filter-
    regulator-lubricator (FRL) unit.

    Operation of Single-Acting Cylinder


    Figure shows a simple pneumatic circuit, which consists of a three-way
    valve controlling a single-acting cylinder. The return stroke is
    accomplished by a compression spring located at the rod end of the
    cylinder. When the push-button valve is actuated, the cylinder extends. It
    retracts when the valve is deactivated. Needle valves V1 and V2 permit
    speed control of the cylinder extension and retraction strokes,
    respectively.

    Operation of Double-Acting Cylinder


    Figure shows the directional control of a double-acting cylinder using a
    four-way valve. Control of a double-acting cylinder requires a DCV with
    four different functioning ports (each of the two exhaust ports perform
    the same function). Thus, a four-way valve has four different functioning
    ports. In contrast, the control of a single-acting, spring-return cylinder
    requires a DCV with only three ports. Hence a three-way valve has only
    three ports, as shown in the previous Figure. Actuation of the push-button
    valve extends the cylinder. The spring-offset mode causes the cylinder to
    retract under air power.

    Air Pilot Control of Double-Acting Cylinder


    Figure shows a circuit in which a double-acting cylinder can be remotely
    operated through the use of an air-pilot-actuated DCV. Push-button
    valves V1 and V2 are used to direct airflow (at low pressure such as 10
    psi) to actuate the air piloted DCV, which directs air at high pressure such
    as 100 psi to the cylinder. Thus, operating personnel can use low-pressure
    push-button valves to remotely control the operation of a cylinder that
    requires high-pressure air for performing its intended function. When V1
    is actuated and V2 is in its spring-offset mode, the cylinder extends.
    Deactivating V1 and then actuating V2 retracts the cylinder.

    Cylinder Cycle Timing System


    Figure shows a circuit that employs a limit valve to provide a timed
    cylinder extending and retracting cycle. When push-button valve V3 is
    momentarily actuated, valve V2 shifts to extend the cylinder. When the
    piston rod cam actuates limit valve V4, it shifts V2 into its opposite mode
    to retract the cylinder. Flow control valve V1 controls the flow rate and
    thus the cylinder speed.

    Two-Step Speed Control System


    A two-step speed control system is shown in Figure. The operation is as
    follows, assuming that flow control valve V3 is adjusted to allow a
    greater flow rate than valve V4. Initially, the cylinder is fully retracted.
    When push-button valve V1 is actuated, airflow goes through valves V2,
    V3, and the shuttle valve V5 to extend the cylinder at high speed. When
    the piston rod cam actuates valve V6, valve V2 shifts. The flow is
    therefore diverted to valve V4 and through the shuttle valve. However,
    due to the low flow setting of valve V4, the extension speed of the
    cylinder is reduced. After the cylinder has fully extended, valve V1 is
    released by the operator to cause retraction of the cylinder.
    Two-Handed Safety Control System
    Figure shows a two-handed safety control circuit. Both palm-button
    valves (V1 and V2) must be actuated to cause the cylinder to extend.
    Retraction of the cylinder will not occur unless both palm buttons are
    released. If both palm-button valves are not operated together, the pilot
    air to the three-position valve is vented. Hence, this three-way valve goes
    into its spring-centered mode, and the cylinder is locked.
    Control of Air Motor
    Figure shows a circuit used to control an air motor. The operation is as
    follows. When the START push-button valve is actuated momentarily,
    the air pilot valve shifts to supply air to the motor. When the STOP push-
    button valve is actuated momentarily, the air pilot valve shifts into its
    opposite mode to shut off the supply of air to the motor. The flow control
    valve is used to adjust the speed of the motor.

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