DESIGN OF SLAB

SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR:

@A, B, E, F and H

 f'c = 27 MPa
 fy = 414 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 3.4 meters
 Short span 3.25 meters

 M= = = 0.95
S 3.25
L 3.40

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 3.40 – 0.2 =3.2 m
lb = 3.25 – 0.2 = 3.05 m
 l a 3.2
m= = =1.05> 0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 3.05
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(3 2 00+3 05 0)
ℎ= = =69.44 mm , say 7 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.065 0.029

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.024 0.017

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.032 0.025

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.0 6 5 ( 7.36 ) ( 3.2 ) =4.90 kN . m ¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.0 29 ( 7.36 )( 3.05) =1.99 kN . m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.02 4 ( 3.6 )( 3.2 ) =0.88 kN .m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.0 17 ( 1.9 ) ( 3.05) =0.30 kN .m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0. 88+0. 30=1.18 kN .m

2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.017 (3.6 ) (3.2 ) =0. 63 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.0 25 ( 1.9 )( 3.05) =0 .44 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0. 63+0. 44=1.07 kN .m

1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 1.07 )=0. 36 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 27
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.0117
fy 41 4
 fy 41 4
m= '
= =18.04
0.85 f c
0.85(2 7)
0.0117 ( 18.04 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.0 117 ( 41 4 ) 1 −
2 [
=4.33 MPa
]
use maximum factored moment = 4.90 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√ 4.90 x 1 06
0.90(4.33)(1000)
=3 2.46 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>3 2.46 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.71, Cb = 0.29
C a wu l a 0.71(7.36)(3.2)
V a= = =8.36 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.29(7.36)(3.05)
V b= = =3.25 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 2 7 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =91.28 kN > ¿ 8.36 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2) mm ∅
− M a , cont 4.90 0.35 0.00051 0.000679 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.18 0.08 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 1.99 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 1.07 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.36 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 4.90 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √2 7

ρmin =
fy
=
41 4
=0.00 314 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.0033 8
)
 Mu 6
4.90 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 35 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
18.04 ]
1 − 1−
41 4 [ √
2(0.35)(18.04)
]
= 0.000 852< ρmin =0.0033 8

4 4
ρ= (0.000 8 5 2)=0.00 1136 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 1136 (1000 )( 124 )=140.86 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.86 mm2 (controls)
fy 41 4
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =433.57 mm, say 425mm
As 260. 86

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.18 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √ 2 7

ρmin =
fy
=
41 4
=0.00 314 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.0033 8
)
Mu 6
1.18 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 85 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
18.04 ]
1 − 1− [ √
2(0.0 85)(18.04)
41 4 ]
=0.000 20< ρ min=0.0033 8

4 4
ρ= (0.000 20)=0.0002 7 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 02 7 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =33.48 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.86 mm2 (controls)
fy 41 4
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.99 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √ 2 7

ρmin =
fy
=
41 4
=0.00 314 ≤
(
1.4
fy
=0.0033 8
)
Mu 1.99 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 14 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
18.04 ]
1 − 1− [ √
2(0.14)( 18.04)
41 4 ]
=0.000 34< ρmin =0.0033 8

4 4
ρ= (0.000 34)=0.000 45 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 45 ( 1000 )( 124 )=55.8 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.86 mm2 (controls)
fy 41 4
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.07 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √2 7

ρmin =
fy
=
41 4
=0.00 314 ≤
(
1.4
fy
=0.0033 8
)
Mu 6
1 . 07 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 8 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
18.04 ]
1 − 1− [ √
2(0.0 8)( 18.04)
41 4 ]
=0.0001 9< ρmin =0.0033

4 4
ρ= (0.0001 9)=0.0002 5 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 02 5 ( 1000 ) (124 )=31 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.86 mm2 (controls)
fy 41 4
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.36 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0087 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
18.04 ]
1 − 1− [ √
2(0.0087)(18.04)
41 4 ]
=0.000021< ρ min=0.0033 8

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.86 mm2 (controls)
fy 41 4
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E and F

 f'c = 27 MPa
 fy = 414 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
  LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters
S 2
 M= = = 0.8
L 2.5
 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
l a 2.3
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.8
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(2300+1800)
ℎ= = =45.56 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 ) ( 2.3 ) = 4.13kN . m¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 ) ( 1.8 ) =0.57 kN . m¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.55 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.3) =0.84 kN .m ¿
a, posll
 + M a , mid =0.55+0.84=1.39 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.34 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.34=0.53 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.53 )=0.18 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c 0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2
= 3.38 MPa
[ ]
use maximum factored moment = 4.13 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
2.92 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=37 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>37 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
V a= = =9.93 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
V b= = =7.77 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.93 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
− M a , cont 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 4.13 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 4.13 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.30 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.30)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00073< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00073)=0.00097 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 097 ( 1000 )( 124 )=120.28 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.39 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.1)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00024)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.57 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.53 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000072)=0.000096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.000 096 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=11.904 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.18 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
l a 2.3
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.8
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(2300+1800)
ℎ= = =45.56 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 ) ( 2.3 ) = 4.13kN . m¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 ) ( 1.8 ) =0.57 kN . m¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.55 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.3) =0.84 kN .m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.55+0.84=1.39 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.34 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.34=0.53 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.53 )=0.18 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2
= 3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 4.13 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
2.92 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=37 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>37 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
V a= = =9.93 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
V b= = =7.77 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:
 ( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.93 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
− M a , cont 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 4.13 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 4.13 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.30 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.30)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00073< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00073)=0.00097 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 097 ( 1000 )( 124 )=120.28 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.39 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.1)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00024)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.57 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.53 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000072)=0.000096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.000 096 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=11.904 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.18 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR:

@A, B and C

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 250mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
 l a 2.25
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.75
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(2250+1750)
ℎ= = =44.44 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 7.36 )( 2.25) =2.79 kN . m ¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 7.36 ) ( 1.75) =0.38 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.53 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 1.9 )( 2.25) =0.40 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.53+0.40=0.93 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.18 kN .m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 1.9 )( 2.25) =0.16 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.18+0.16=0.34 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.34 ) =0.11kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
 fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2 [= 3.38 MPa
]
use maximum factored moment = 2.79 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√ 2.79 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=30 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>30 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(7.36)(2.25)
V a= = =6.87 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(7.36)(1.75)
V b= = =1.09 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 7.03 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2) mm ∅
− M a , cont 2.79 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 0.93 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.38 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.34 0.02 0.000048 0.000064 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.11 0.0079 0.000019 0.000025 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 2.79 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy
=0.00337
( )
 Mu 2.79 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.20 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.20)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00048< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00048)=0.00064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 064 (1000 )( 124 )=79.36 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.93 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.93 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.07 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.07)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.00017< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00017)=0.00023 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 023 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=28.52 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.38 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.38 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.34 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.02 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.02)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000048< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000048)=0.000064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0064 (1000 )( 124 )=7.94 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.11 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.11 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0079 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.0079)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000019< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000019)=0.000025 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0025 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.1 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E, F, G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 250mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
  Short span 2 meters
S 2
 M= = = 0.8
L 2.5
 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
l a 2.25
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.75
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(2250+1750)
ℎ= = =44.44 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 ) ( 2.25) =3.95 kN .m ¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 ) ( 1.75) =0.54 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.53 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.25) =0.81 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.53+0.81=1.34 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.18 kN .m
 + M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.25) =0.33 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.18+0.33=0.51 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.51 )=0.17 kN .m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2
= 3.38 MPa
[ ]
use maximum factored moment = 3.95 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
3.95 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=36 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>36 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.25)
V a= = =9.71 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.75)
V b= = =1.55 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.71 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
− M a , cont 3.95 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.34 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.54 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.51 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 3.95 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 3.95 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.28 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.28)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00068< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00068)=0.00091 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 091 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =112.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.34 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.34 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.10 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.1)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00024)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.54 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.54 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.51 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.51 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.17 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.11 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru m
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR:

@A

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
l a 2.225
m= = =1.29>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.725
B. Compute trial slab thickness
 2(l a+l b) 2(2225+1725)
ℎ= = =43.89 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 7.36 )( 2.225 ) =2.73 kN . m ¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 7.36 ) ( 1.725 ) =0.37 kN . m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.52 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 1.9 )( 2.225 ) =0.40 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.52+0.40=0.92 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 1.9 )( 2.225 ) =0.16 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.16=0.35 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.35 )=0.12 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2
= 3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 2.73 kN . m
 √ √
6
Mu 2.73 x 1 0
d req = = =30 mm
∅ Ru b 0.90(3.38)(1000)
d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>30 mm OK!
F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(7.36)(2.225)
V a= = =6.80 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(7.36)(1.725)
V b= = =0.53 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 6.80 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
− M a , cont 2.73 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 0.92 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.37 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.35 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.12 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 2.73 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy
=0.00337
( )
Mu 2.73 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.20 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 −
415 [ √
2(0.20)(23.25)
=0.00048< ρmin =0.00337]
 4 4
ρ= (0.00048)=0.00064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 064 (1000 )( 124 )=79.36 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.92 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.92 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.07 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.07)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.00017< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00017)=0.00023 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 023 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=28.52 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.37 kN.m
 0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21
ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.37 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.36 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
 π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.12 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0087 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.0087)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000021< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@BC

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6
kN/m
 LL = 4.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M=
S
=
2
= 0.8
L 2.5

Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 1.0 – 0.275 = 0.725 m
lb = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
l a 2.225
m= = =0.33>0.50 Therefore, one-way slab
lb 1.8
B. Compute for minimum slab thickness
L 725
ℎ= = =30 mm , say 50 mm
24 24
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)( 1)=3.6 kN /m
w l=4.8(1.0)=4.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 4.8 ) =12 kN /m
D. Check ACI limitations

a. ¿ = 4.8 =1.33< 3.0OK !

DL 3.6
L− S 0
b. = =0<0.20 OK !
S 0.725
E. Compute moments using ACI coefficients
 1 2 1
− M 1= w L = (12)¿
24 24
1 2 1
M 2= w L = (12)¿
14 14
1 2 1
− M 3= w L = (12)¿
10 10
1 2 1
+ M 4= w L = (12)¿
16 16
1 2 1
− M 5= w L = (12)¿
11 11

F. Check effective depth to control deflection

'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)

Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −

2 [
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
]
= 3.38 MPa
use maximum factored moment = 0.63 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√0.63 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=15 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>15 mm OK!

G. Check effective depth for shear
1.15 1.15
R= wL= ( 12 ) ( 0.725 )=5 kN
2 2
Shear at “d” distance from face of support:
V u= (5 ) − 12 ( 0.124 )=3.51 kN
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅
'

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 3.51 kN OK!
H. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
1 0.26 260.24 434.6, say 425
2 0.45 260.24 434.6, say 425
3 0.63 260.24 434.6, say 425
4 0.39 260.24 434.6, say 425
5 0.57 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For M u= 0.26 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.26 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.02 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.02)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000048< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000048)=0.000064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0064 (1000 )( 124 )=7.94 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.45 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 0.45 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.63 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.63 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.05 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.05)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00012< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00012)=0.00016 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 016 ( 1000 )( 124 )=19.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For M u= 0.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.39 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.57 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.0087)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000021< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E, F, G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
l a 2.225
m= = =1.29>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.725
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+l b) 2(2225+1725)
ℎ= = =43.89 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

− M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 ) ( 2.225 ) =3.86 kN . m ¿
u a

− M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 ) ( 1.725 ) =0.53 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.52 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.225 ) =0.79 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.52+0.79=1.31 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.18 kN .m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.32 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.18+0.32=0.50 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.50 )=0.17 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1− ρm/2 ) =0.00911 ( 415 ) 1 −
2
= 3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 3.86 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
3.86 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=36 mm

d furn=150 −20 −6=124 mm>36 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.225)
V a= = =9.60 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.725)
V b= = =1.52 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:
 ( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.60 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
− M a , cont 3.86 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.31 0.09 0.00022 0.00029 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , cont 0.53 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.50 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
− M b , discont 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For − M a , cont = 3.86 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 3.86 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.28 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.28)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00068< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00068)=0.00091 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 091 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =112.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.31 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.31 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.09 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.09)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00022< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00022)=0.00029 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 029 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=36.37 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , cont = 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.53 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.50 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.50 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1 −
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1 − [ √
2(0.04 )(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For − M b , discont = 0.17 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.11 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru m
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!