SOLUTIONS

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The colligative property used for the determination of molar mass of polymers and
proteins is:
(A) Osmotic pressure
(B) Depression in freezing point
(C) Relative lowering in vapour pressure
(D) Elevation is boiling point
2. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is
due to :
(A) high atmospheric pressure
(B) low temperature
(C) low atmospheric pressure
(D) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure
3. Which of the following solutions of KCl will have the highest value of molar conductivity ?
(A) 0.01 M
(B) 1 M
(C) 0.5 M
(D) 0.1 M
4. Which of the following colligative property is used to find the molar mass of proteins ?
(A) Osmotic pressure
(B) Elevation in boiling point
(C) Depression in freezing point
(D) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
5. A compound undergoes complete tetramerization in a given organic solvent. The van’t
Hoff factor ‘i’ is:
(A) 4.0
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.125
(D) 2.0
6. 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B make a solution having a total vapour pressure
40 torr. The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 torr and 30 torr respectively. The
above solution:
(A) is an ideal solution.
(B) shows positive deviation.
(C) shows negative deviation.
(D) is a maximum boiling azeotrope.
7. If molality of a dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal elevation constant (Kb)
will be:
(A) halved
(B) doubled
(C) tripled
(D) unchanged
8. Identify the law which is stated as: “For any solution, the partial vapour pressure of each
volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.”

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 (A) Henry’s law
(B) Raoult’s law
(C) Dalton’s law
(D) Gay-Lussac's Law
9. Which of the following is an example of a solid solution?
(A) sea water
(B) sugar solution
(C) smoke
(D) 22 carat gold
10. Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with rise in temperature because dissolution is an:
(A) endothermic and reversible process
(B) exothermic and reversible process
(C) endothermic and irreversible process
(D) exothermic and irreversible process
11. In which of the following cases blood cells will shrink:
(A) when placed in water containing more than 0.9% (mass/ volume) NaCl solution.
(B) when placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass /volume) NaCl solution.
(C) when placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution.
(D) when placed in distilled water.
12. How much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze
at –14°C? (Kf for water = 1.86°C/mol)
(A) 7.5 mol
(B) 8.5 mol
(C) 9.5 mol
(D) 10.5 mol
Assertion−Reason questions:

1. Assertion (A): When NaCl is added to water, a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the
freezing point.
2. Assertion (A): Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R): Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality.
3. Assertion(A): Molarity of a solution changes with temperature.
Reason (R): Molarity is a colligative property.
4. Assertion (A): Cryoscopic constant depends on nature of solvent.
Reason(R): Cryoscopic constant is a universal constant.
5. Assertion (A): When NaCl is added to water, a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the
freezing point.
6. Assertion (A): When glucose is added to water, an elevation in boiling point is observed.
Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure causes elevation in the boiling point.

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Very short answer type questions:
1. (a) What is Henry’s law? Give one application of it.
(b) Differentiate between Ideal solution and non-ideal solution.
2. 30g of urea is dissolved in 846g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this
solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.

3. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 25 0C are 120 mm Hg and 160
mm Hg respectively. If equal moles of X and Y are mixed to form an ideal solution,
calculate the vapour pressure of the solution.

4. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone?
Give reason.

5. Define azeotrope. What type of azeotrope is formed by negative deviation from Raoult’s
law? Give an example.

6. If benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and
the osmotic pressure of a solution of 6.1 g of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at
27 C, then what is the percentage association of benzoic acid? (Given : R = 0 0821 L atm
K mol).

7. Give reasons for the following :

(a) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water in comparison to warm water.
(b) Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow-covered roads in hilly areas.

8. On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature
would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?

9. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone ?
Give reason.

10. Define molal depression constant. How is it related to enthalpy of fusion ?

OR
What type of deviation is shown by ethanol and acetone mixture ? Give reason.
What type of azeotropic mixture is formed by that deviation ?

11. A 5% solution of Na2SO4.10H2O (MW = 322) is isotonic with 2% solution of non-

electrolytic, non-volatile substance X. Find out the molecular weight of X.

12. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a

vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)

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Short answer type questions:
1. 0.3 g of acetic acid (M = 60 g mol–1) dissolved in 30 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point equal to 0.450C. Calculate the percentage association of acid if it forms a
dimer in the solution. (Given: Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg /mol)

2. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of a non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a

vapour pressure of 31·84 mm Hg at 300 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour
pressure of pure water at 300 K = 32 mm Hg)

3. (a) Differentiate between Ideal solution and non-ideal solution.

(b) 30 g of urea is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for
this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23 8 mm Hg.

4. Give reasons:
(a) Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar
masses of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
(b) Aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
(c) Elevation of boiling point of 1 M KCl solution is nearly double than that of 1M sugar
solution.

5. (a) Differentiate between Ideal solution and non-ideal solution.

(b) 30 g of urea is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for
this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23 8 mm Hg.

6. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 250C are 120 mm Hg and 160
mm Hg respectively. If equal moles of X and Y are mixed to form an ideal solution,
calculate the vapour pressure of the solution.

7. When 19.5 g of F–CH2–COOH (Molar mass = 78 g mol–1), is dissolved in 500 g of water,

the depression in freezing point is observed to be 10C. Calculate the degree of dissociation
of F–CH2–COOH. [Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1]

8. If benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol) i–1s associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and
the osmotic pressure of a solution of 6.1 g of benzoic acid in 100 mL benzene is 6.5 atm at
270C, then what is the percentage association of benzoic acid ? (Given : R = 0. 0821 L atm
K–1 mol–1)

Case based questions:

Read the passage properly and answer the following questions:

1. The spontaneous flow of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a pure
solvent to a solution from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution is called osmosis. The
phenomenon of osmosis can be demonstrated by taking two eggs of the same size. In an
egg, the membrane below the shell and around the egg material is semi permeable. The
outer hard shell can be removed by putting the egg in dilute hydrochloric acid. After
removing the hard shell, one egg is placed in distilled water and the other in a saturated salt
solution. After some time, the egg placed in distilled water swells-up while the egg placed
in salt solution shrinks.

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 The external pressure applied to stop the osmosis is termed as osmotic pressure (a
Colligative property). Reverse osmosis takes place when the applied external pressure
becomes larger than the osmotic pressure.
(a) What are isotonic solutions?
(b) Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
(c) What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC's) are placed in 0.5%
NaCl solution and in 1.5% NaCl solution?
OR
(c) Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea
solution and why? Which solution has higher vapour pressure?
2. A solution which obeys Raoult's law strictly at all concentrations and at all temperatures is
called an ideal solution, while a solution which shows deviations from Raoult's law is called
a non-ideal solution or real solution. Suppose the molecules of the solvent and solute are
represented by A and B respectively, and let γAB, γAA and γBB are the attractive forces
between A-B, A-A and B-B respectively. An ideal solution of the components A and B is
defined as the solution in which the intermolecular interactions between the components
A-B are of the same magnitude as the intermolecular interactions found in the pure
components A-A and B-B. Similarly, a non- ideal solution of the components A and B is
defined as the solution in which the intermolecular interactions between the components
A-B are of the different magnitude as the intermolecular interactions found in the pure
components A-A and B-B.
(a) Which type of deviation will be shown by the solution, if γAB < γAA
(b) On mixing liquid, A and liquid B, volume of the resulting solution decreases, what type
of deviation from Raoult's law is shown by?
(c) Write two characteristics of non-ideal solution.
OR
(c) (i) What type of liquids form the ideal solution?
(ii) Give one example of an ideal solution.

Long Answer Type Questions:

1. (a) Why is boiling point of 1M NaCl solution more than that of 1M glucose solution?
(b) A non-volatile solute ‘X’ (molar mass = 50 g mol–1) when dissolved in 78g of benzene
reduced its vapour pressure to 90%.
Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the solution.
(c) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10g of MgCl2 to
200g of water assuming MgCl2 is completely dissociated.
(Kb for Water = 0.512 K kg mol–1, Molar mass MgCl2 = 95g mol–1)
OR

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 (a) Why is the value of Van’t Hoff factor for ethanoic acid in benzene close to 0.5 ?
(b) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 x 10–2g of
K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25 0C, assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated. (R =
0.082 L atm K–1mol-1, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174g mol–1)
(c) When 25.6g of Sulphur was dissolved in 1000g of benzene, the freezing point lowered
by 0.512 K. Calculate the formula of Sulphur (S8). (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1,
Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 gmol–1)
2. (a) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water?
(b) Ibrahim collected a 10 mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one
sample labeled “P” froze at 00C while the other “Q” at -1.30C. Ibrahim forgot which of the
two, “P” or “Q” was ocean water. Help him identify which container contains ocean water,
giving rationalization for your answer.
(c) Calculate Van't Hoff factor for an aqueous solution of K3[Fe(CN)6] if the degree of
dissociation (α) is 0.852. What will be boiling point of this solution if its concentration is 1
molal? (Kb=0.52 K kg/mol)

OR

(a) What type of deviation from Raoult’s Law is expected when phenol and aniline are mixed
with each other? What change in the net volume of the mixture is expected? Graphically
represent the deviation.
(b) The vapour pressure of pure water at a certain temperature is 23.80 mm Hg. If 1 mole of
a non- volatile non- electrolytic solute is dissolved in 100g water, Calculate the resultant
vapour pressure of the solution.

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